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🚩Q-1: What are the different components of .NET?

Following are the components of .NET

🎯Common Language run-time
🎯Application Domain
🎯Common Type System
🎯.NET Class Library
🎯.NET Framework
🎯Profiling

🚩Q-2: What do you know about CTS?

CTS stands for Common Type System. It follows certain rules according to which a data type should be declared and used in the program code. CTS also describes the data types that are going to be used in the application. We can even make our own classes and functions following the rules in the CTS, it helps in calling the data type declared in one program language by other programming languages.

🚩Q-3: What is CLR?

CLR stands for common language run-time, it is an important component of the .NET framework. We can use CLR as a building block of various applications and provides a secure execution environment for applications.

Whenever an application written in C# is compiled, the code is converted into an intermediate language. After this, the code is targeted to CLR which then performs several operations like memory management, security checks, loading assemblies, and thread management.

🚩Q-4: Explain CLS.

Common language specification helps the developers to use the components that are inter-language compatible with certain rules that come with CLS. It then helps in reusing the code in other .NET compatible languages.


🚩Q-5: What do you know about JIT?

JIT is a compiler which stands for Just In Time. It is used to convert the intermediate code into the native language. During the execution, the intermediate code is converted into the native language.


🚩Q-6: Why do we use Response.Output.Write()?

Response.Output.Write() is used to get the formatted output.


🚩Q-7: What is the difference between Response.Redirect and Server.Transfer?

🎯Response.Redirect basically redirects the user’s browser to another page or site. The history of the user’s browser is updated to reflect the new address as well. It also performs a trip back to the client where the client’s browser is redirected to the new page.

🎯Whereas, Server.Transfer transfers from one page to the other without making any round-trip back to the client’s browser. The history does not get updated in the case of Server.Transfer.


🚩Q-8: What is BCL?

BCL is a base class library of classes, interfaces and value types
It is the foundation of .NET framework applications, components, and controls
Encapsulates a huge number of common functions and make them easily available for the developers
It provides functionality like threading, input/output, security, diagnostics, resources, globalization, etc.
Also serves the purpose of interaction between user and runtime
It also provides namespaces that are used very frequently. for eg: system, system.Activities, etc.


🚩Q-9: What is the difference between namespace and assembly?

An assembly is a physical grouping of logical units whereas namespace groups classes. Also, a namespace can span multiple assemblies as well.


🚩Q-10: What is MSIL?

MSIL is the Microsoft Intermediate Language, it provides instructions for calling methods, storing and initializing values, memory handling, exception handling and so on. All the .NET codes are first compiled to Intermediate Language.


🚩Q-11: From which base class all web Forms are inherited?

All web forms are inherited from "Page" class.



🚩Q-12: Explain the different parts of the assembly.

Following are the different parts of assembly:

☑️Manifest: It has the information about the version of the assembly.
☑️Type Metadata: Contains the binary information of the program
☑️MSIL: Microsoft Intermediate Language Code
☑️Resources: List of related files



🚩Q-13: How do you prevent a class from being inherited?

In C#, we can use the sealed keyword to prevent a class from being inherited.


🚩Q-14: What are the different types of constructors in c#?

Following are the types of constructors in C#:

1-Default Constructor
2-Parameterized constructor
3-Copy Constructor
4-Static Constructor
5-Private Constructor

🚩Q-15: What are the different types of assemblies?

There are two types of assemblies:

🎯Private Assembly: It is accessible only to the application, it is installed in the installation directory of the application.

🎯Shared Assembly: It can be shared by multiple applications, it is installed in the GAC.


🚩Q-16: What is a garbage collector?

Garbage collector feature in .NET frees the unused code objects in the memory. The memory head is divided into 3 generations:

Generation 0: It stores short lived objects.
Generation 1: This is for medium-lived objects.
Generation 2: It stores long-lived objects.
Collection of garbage refers to the collection of objects stored in the generations.


🚩Q-17: What is caching?

Caching simply means storing the data temporarily in the memory so that the data can be accessed from the memory instead of searching for it in the original location. It increases the efficiency of the application and also increases its speed.

Following are the types of caching:

1-Page caching
2-Data caching
3-Fragment caching


🚩Q-18: What is the application domain?

ASP.NET introduces a concept of application domain or AppDomain which is like a lightweight process that acts like both container and boundary. The .NET run-time uses the AppDomain as a container for data and code. The CLR allows multiple .NET applications to run in a single AppDomain.


🚩Q-19: What is delegate in .NET?

A delegate in .NET is similar to a function pointer in other programming languages like C or C++. A delegate allows the user to encapsulate the reference of a method in a delegate object. A delegate object can then be passed in a program, which will call the referenced method. We can even use a delegate method to create a custom event in a class.


🚩Q-20: What are EXE and DLL?

EXE and DLL are assembly executable modules.

🎯EXE: It is an executable file that runs the application for which it is designed. When we build an application, an exe file is generated. Therefore the assemblies are loaded directly when we run an exe. But an exe file cannot be shared with other applications.

🎯DLL: It stands for dynamic link library that consists of code that needs to be hidden. The code is encapsulated in this library, an application can have many DLLs and can also be shared with other applications.
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*मदद*

_🌱_________

एक बार दुनिया के सबसे धनवान व्यक्तियों में से एक बिल गेट्स से किसी ने पूछा:- "क्या इस धरती पर आपसे भी धनवान कोई है? "

बिल गेट्स ने जवाब दिया:- "हां, मेरी नज़र में एक व्यक्ति इस दुनिया में मुझसे भी धनवान है।"
"कौन....? "
बिल गेट्स ने बताया....
"एक समय में जब मेरी प्रसिद्धि और अमीरी के दिन नहीं था । मैं न्यूयॉर्क एयरपोर्ट पर था। वहां सुबह सुबह अखबार देख कर, मैंने एक अखबार खरीदना चाहा। पर मेरे पास छुट्टे पैसे नहीं थे। इसलिए मैंने अखबार लेने का विचार त्याग कर उसे वापस रख दिया। अखबार बेचने वाले लड़के ने मुझे देखा, तो मैंने उससे छुट्टे पैसे ना होने की बात कही...
लेकिन लड़के ने मुझें अखबार देते हुए कहा:- "यह मैं आपको मुफ्त में देता हूं..."

बात आई और गई ...
कोई तीन माह बाद संयोगवश उसी एयरपोर्ट पर मैं फिर उतरा और अखबार के लिए फिर मेरे पास सिक्के नहीं थे। उस लड़के ने मुझे फिर से अखबार दिया, तो मैंने मना कर दिया। मैं ये नहीं ले सकता..
उस लड़के ने कहा:- "आप इसे ले सकते हैं, मैं इसे अपने प्रॉफिट के हिस्से से दे रहा हूं, मैंने अखबार ले लिया ।"

तकरीबन 19 साल गुजरने के उपरांत अपनी ख्याति के बाद एक दिन मुझे उस लड़के की याद आई और मैंने उसे ढूंढना शुरू किया। कोई डेढ़ महीने खोजने के बाद आखिरकार वह मिल गया....
मैंने पूछा:- "क्या तुम मुझे पहचानते हो ? "

लड़का:- "हां,आप मि. बिल गेट्स हैं। "

गेट्स:- "तुम्हें याद है, कभी तुमने मुझे फ्री में अखबार दिए थे ?"

लड़का:- "जी हां, बिल्कुल.. ऐसा दो बार हुआ था.."

गेट्स:- "मैं तुम्हारे उस किये हुए की कीमत अदा करना चाहता हूं....तुम अपनी जिंदगी में जो कुछ चाहते हो, बताओ, मैं तुम्हारी हर जरूरत पूरी करूंगा.."

लड़का:- "सर, लेकिन क्या आप को नहीं लगता कि ऐसा करके आप मेरी मदद की कीमत अदा नहीं कर पाएंगे.."

गेट्स:- "क्यूं ..?"

लड़का:- "मैंने जब आपकी मदद की थी, उस वक़्त मैं एक गरीब लड़का था, जो सिर्फ़ अखबार बेचकर अपना गुजारा करता था। आप मेरी मदद तब कर रहे हैं, जब आप इस दुनिया के सबसे अमीर और सामर्थ्यवान व्यक्ति हैं.. फिर, आप मेरी मदद की बराबरी कैसे करेंगे...?"

बिल गेट्स की नजर में, वह व्यक्ति दुनिया के सबसे अमीर व्यक्ति से भी अमीर था क्योंकि---

*"किसी की मदद करने के लिए उसने ख़ुद के अमीर होने का इंतजार नहीं किया था "....*

अमीरी पैसे से नहीं दिल से होती है। औऱ यकीनन किसी की मदद करने के लिए एक अमीर दिल का होना भी बहुत जरूरी है.....

_🌱_________
#coderbaba

:- C# OOPs Notes By CODERBABA -:

🎯What is OOPS?:
-------------
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming structure where programs are managed by objects, classes and it’s action and logic. C# provides full support for
object-oriented programming including encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.


🎯Class:
-------
Class and object in c# with real time example

If we talking about the class in any language,
a class is just a user define data type used to represent the relation between the data and functions or methods.

A class can have many things like variable, function, properties. In another way, we can say that class is a block of code where we can define the state and behaviour of objects, function, and variables.


Note:
By default class is internal.
Member of the class will be private


See below Syntax Format:
--------------------------

Class class name
{
Statements;
-------
--------
}

Here I am taking an example of c# class.

using System; //namespace
class Employee
{
//variables
public string name;
int age;
string address;

public string departmant() //method define by me
{
return "I.T.";
}
static void Main(string[] args) //Main method
{
Employee emp = new Employee(); //Object creation of Employee class
emp.name = "coderbaba";
emp.age = 10;
emp.address = "Delhi";
emp.departmant();
Console.WriteLine(emp.name+" "+emp.age+" "+emp.address+" "+emp.departmant());
}
}



In the above example, we can see that our method and variable are exits in class.


🎯Object:
------
An object is basically an instance of the class. It allocated the memory to access the member of the class. An object is a real-time entity.
If we want to access the class member we need to create an object of that particular class.
In the below example, we take ‘Employee’ as a class then ‘emp’ are the object.

Syntex for Object:

ClassName objectname = new ClassName();

E.g.

Employee emp = new Employee(); //Object creation of Employee class

In the above syntax, the ‘new’ operator is used to create an object of a class. When we create an object, then the system creates the memory for data members and methods that are present in the class.

:-Important Point to remember -:
An object is the base type of all classes in the dot net framework. This object can hold any kind of value, however, boxing will be done implicity and unboxing need type casting mechanism.


🎯Abstraction and encapsulation:
-----------------------------

🎯Abstraction:

Basically, Abstraction is a process of hiding the unnecessary things and it provides operation part to end-user. So if we want to understand the abstraction we have to go for a real-life example.

Suppose that there is a cell phone. Actually, we all don't know how it internally works but we can use it by touching its screen, it means we know only about operational part i.e abstraction.


🎯Encapsulation:

Encapsulation is the process of protecting the information of an object from the end-user. Hide the data for security such as making the variables private, and expose the property to access the private data which would be public.

It means if there is abstraction there will be encapsulation, but it is not necessary that if there is encapsulation then there also will be an abstraction.

Store procedure in SQL Server by Coderbaba

🎯Store procedure in MS SQL Server:

"Store procedure in asp.net c# SQL Server".
A stored procedure (SP) is a pre-compiled set of T-SQL statements, the basic purpose of which is to group T-SQL statements together to perform a task or set of multiple tasks. It is stored in the data dictionary and can be executed either from the SQL Server Management Studio or from within an application as required.


Stored procedures can execute batches of T-SQL statements, and return multiple result sets as well. It can accept input parameters and can return one or more output parameters to the calling procedure or batch. A stored procedure can call other stored procedures and can also return status information to the calling procedure to indicate whether they succeeded or failed.


🎯Benefits of a Stored Procedure:
--------------------------------
☑️Modular Programming –
--------------------
After a Stored Procedure is created, it can be invoked multiple times from multiple places from any application. If any modification is needed in the SP, it needs to be done only in one place. It increases code reusability.

☑️Improved Performance –
----------------------
Stored Procedures executes the code faster and reduces network traffic.


☑️Faster execution –
------------------
Stored procedures are pre-compiled i.e; parsed and optimized as soon as they are created and are stored in memory. Thus it executes a lot faster than sending many lines of SQL code from your application to the SQL Server. Doing that requires SQL Server to compile and optimize your SQL code every time it runs.


☑️Reduced network traffic –
-------------------------
Sending many lines of SQL code from an application over the network to SQL Server, impacts network performance. This is especially true if the SQL code is lengthy and is accessed frequently in the application. Running the code on the SQL Server (as a Stored Procedure) eliminates the need to send this code over the network. The only network traffic will be the parameters supplied ti invoke the SP and the results of any query. Stored Procedures limit data with WHERE clauses, ensuring that your application sends just the necessary data over the network wire.


☑️Security –
----------
Users can execute a stored procedure without needing to execute any of the SQL statements directly. Therefore, a stored procedure can provide advanced database functionality for users who wouldn't normally have access to these tasks, but this functionality is made available in a tightly controlled way. You can grant rights to the stored procedure without granting rights to the underlying objects.

Stored Procedures can be used to make SQL injection attacks more difficult to execute successfully.
Stored Procedures enable you to perform error-handling at the server.


🎯Syntax of a Stored Procedure:

CREATE PROCEDURE procedure_name

sql_Parameter

AS

Begin
sql_statement

End

------------------
🎯Example:


Create procedure [dbo].[PasswordRecovery]
(@username nvarchar(30),
@email nvarchar(30),
@password nvarchar(50) output,
@msg nvarchar(30) output)
as
begin
if exists(select *from Emp_login where user_id=@username and email_id=@email)
begin
select @password=password from Emp_login where user_id=@username and email_id=@email
set @msg='yes'
end
else
begin
set @msg='Credential dose not match. Retry!'
end
end

-----------------------——————-

🎯Types of Stored Procedures:
----------------------------—————

There are three types of Stored Procedures:

1☑️-User Defined Stored Procedures –
User Defined stored procedures are created by normal users like us.

2☑️-SQL Server System Stored Procedures –
System stored procedures usually begin with sp_ and most of them live in the Master database. They handle much of what is considered to be the nuts-and-bolts of SQL Server administration and are written in T-SQL just like user-defined SPs. Many vital functions of SQL Server rely on these SPs to remain intact!

3☑️-Extended Stored Procedures –
Extended stored procedures usually begins with xp_ or sp_ and also live in the Master database. They are not written in T-SQL. They are in fact compiled DLLs which open up a world of functionality to the SQL Server environment.

LINQ: Language Integrated Query
LINQ in DotNet (Short Notes)

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