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📄 Linux Commands Interview Q&A

🔍 1. What is Linux?

🐧 Linux is an open-source operating system kernel forming the base for various distributions.
🔧 2. Main components of a Linux system?

Kernel, shell, and file system.
💻 3. Role of the Linux Kernel?

Manages system resources and provides services to applications.
🖥 4. What is a shell?

Command-line interpreter for interacting with the OS.
🎉 5. Popular Linux distributions?

Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora, CentOS, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
🛡 6. Changing file permissions?

Use chmod (e.g., chmod 755 filename) to set permissions.
🔎 7. Purpose of the "grep" command?

Searches for specific patterns within files.
📁 8. Finding files?

Use find command based on criteria like name, size, and permissions.
📊 9. What is the "top" command for?

Monitors system processes and resource usage in real-time.
💾 10. Checking disk usage?

df command shows disk space usage of file systems.
🔗 11. What is a symbolic link?

A soft link pointing to another file or directory.
📦 12. Purpose of the "tar" command?

Creates and manipulates archive files.
⚙️ 13. Starting and stopping services?

Use systemctl (e.g., systemctl start service_name) in systemd systems.
🌐 14. Purpose of the "ping" command?

Tests connectivity between a source and destination.
🌍 15. Checking network configuration?

ifconfig or ip command for network settings.
🔐 16. What is SSH?

Secure remote login and file transfer using encryption.
🛑 17. Killing a process?

kill command with process ID (PID) or killall by name.
🔄 18. Purpose of "rsync"?

Efficient file synchronization and transfer.
🔍 19. Checking hardware information?

lshw provides detailed hardware info.
🚨 20. What is a firewall?

Controls network traffic for security.
📶 21. Checking system IP address?

ip addr command displays IPs for network interfaces.
⏰ 22. Purpose of "cron"?

Automates and schedules recurring tasks.
📂 23. Mounting a filesystem?

mount command attaches a filesystem to the directory tree.
🔄 24. What is "chroot"?

Creates a separate environment with its own root directory.
📉 25. Compressing and decompressing files?

gzip and gunzip for compression.
🛠 26. Purpose of "iptables"?

Configures the kernel firewall for network traffic filtering.
💡 27. Checking CPU usage?

Use top, htop, or mpstat.
👤 28. Creating user accounts?

useradd command adds new users.
🔍 29. Searching within files?

grep -r to search recursively within files in a directory.
💾 30. Checking available memory?

free command shows free and used memory in the system.
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💻 Linux Commands Cheat Sheet 💻

📂 ls: List files and directories in the current directory.
Example: ls

📁 cd: Change directory.
Example: cd /path/to/directory

📌 pwd: Show the current directory.
Example: pwd

📂 mkdir: Create a new directory.
Example: mkdir new_directory

🗑 rm: Remove files and directories.
Example: rm file.txt

📄 cp: Copy files and directories.
Example: cp file.txt /path/to/destination

✏️ mv: Move or rename files and directories.
Example: mv file.txt /path/to/destination

📝 touch: Create an empty file.
Example: touch file.txt

👀 cat: Display the contents of a file.
Example: cat file.txt

🔍 grep: Search for a pattern in a file.
Example: grep "pattern" file.txt

🔝 head: Display the first few lines of a file.
Example: head file.txt

🔚 tail: Display the last few lines of a file.
Example: tail file.txt

🔒 chmod: Change file permissions.
Example: chmod 755 file.txt

👤 chown: Change file ownership.
Example: chown user:group file.txt

🔗 ln: Create a symbolic link.
Example: ln -s /path/to/file link

🔍 find: Search for files and directories.
Example: find /path/to/search -name "pattern"

📦 tar: Archive files and directories.
Example: tar -czvf archive.tar.gz files/

📂 unzip: Extract files from a zip archive.
Example: unzip archive.zip

📜 man: Access command manuals.
Example: man ls

📜 history: View command history.
Example: history

⚙️ ps: Show running processes.
Example: ps aux

❌ kill: Terminate a process.
Example: kill PID

💾 df: Show disk space usage.
Example: df -h

📏 du: Check directory sizes.
Example: du -sh directory

🔐 scp: Securely copy files between hosts.
Example: scp file.txt user@remote:/path/to/destination

🔑 ssh: Connect to a remote host securely.
Example: ssh user@host

🌐 ping: Test network connectivity.
Example: ping google.com

🖧 ifconfig: Display network interface info.
Example: ifconfig

🌐 wget: Download files from the web.
Example: wget https://example.com/file.txt

🌐 curl: Transfer data to/from a server.
Example: curl https://example.com
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