💡 Top 50 Pillow Operations for Image Processing

I. File & Basic Operations

• Open an image file.

from PIL import Image
img = Image.open("image.jpg")

• Save an image.

img.save("new_image.png")

• Display an image (opens in default viewer).

img.show()

• Create a new blank image.

new_img = Image.new("RGB", (200, 100), "blue")

• Get image format (e.g., 'JPEG').

print(img.format)

• Get image dimensions as a (width, height) tuple.

width, height = img.size

• Get pixel format (e.g., 'RGB', 'L' for grayscale).

print(img.mode)

• Convert image mode.

grayscale_img = img.convert("L")

• Get a pixel's color value at (x, y).

r, g, b = img.getpixel((10, 20))

• Set a pixel's color value at (x, y).

img.putpixel((10, 20), (255, 0, 0))

II. Cropping, Resizing & Pasting

• Crop a rectangular region.

box = (100, 100, 400, 400)
cropped_img = img.crop(box)

• Resize an image to an exact size.

resized_img = img.resize((200, 200))

• Create a thumbnail (maintains aspect ratio).

img.thumbnail((128, 128))

• Paste one image onto another.

img.paste(another_img, (50, 50))

III. Rotation & Transformation

• Rotate an image (counter-clockwise).

rotated_img = img.rotate(45, expand=True)

• Flip an image horizontally.

flipped_img = img.transpose(Image.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT)

• Flip an image vertically.

flipped_img = img.transpose(Image.FLIP_TOP_BOTTOM)

• Rotate by 90, 180, or 270 degrees.

img_90 = img.transpose(Image.ROTATE_90)

• Apply an affine transformation.

transformed = img.transform(img.size, Image.AFFINE, (1, 0.5, 0, 0, 1, 0))

IV. ImageOps Module Helpers

• Invert image colors.

from PIL import ImageOps
inverted_img = ImageOps.invert(img)

• Flip an image horizontally (mirror).

mirrored_img = ImageOps.mirror(img)

• Flip an image vertically.

flipped_v_img = ImageOps.flip(img)

• Convert to grayscale.

grayscale = ImageOps.grayscale(img)

• Colorize a grayscale image.

colorized = ImageOps.colorize(grayscale, black="blue", white="yellow")

• Reduce the number of bits for each color channel.

posterized = ImageOps.posterize(img, 4)

• Auto-adjust image contrast.

adjusted_img = ImageOps.autocontrast(img)

• Equalize the image histogram.

equalized_img = ImageOps.equalize(img)

• Add a border to an image.

bordered = ImageOps.expand(img, border=10, fill='black')

V. Color & Pixel Operations

• Split image into individual bands (e.g., R, G, B).

r, g, b = img.split()

• Merge bands back into an image.

merged_img = Image.merge("RGB", (r, g, b))

• Apply a function to each pixel.

brighter_img = img.point(lambda i: i * 1.2)

• Get a list of colors used in the image.

colors = img.getcolors(maxcolors=256)

• Blend two images with alpha compositing.

# Both images must be in RGBA mode
blended = Image.alpha_composite(img1_rgba, img2_rgba)

VI. Filters (ImageFilter)

• Apply a simple blur filter.

from PIL import ImageFilter
blurred_img = img.filter(ImageFilter.BLUR)

• Apply a box blur with a given radius.

box_blur = img.filter(ImageFilter.BoxBlur(5))

• Apply a Gaussian blur.

gaussian_blur = img.filter(ImageFilter.GaussianBlur(radius=2))

• Sharpen the image.

sharpened = img.filter(ImageFilter.SHARPEN)

• Find edges.

edges = img.filter(ImageFilter.FIND_EDGES)

• Enhance edges.

edge_enhanced = img.filter(ImageFilter.EDGE_ENHANCE)

• Emboss the image.

embossed = img.filter(ImageFilter.EMBOSS)

• Find contours.

contours = img.filter(ImageFilter.CONTOUR)

VII. Image Enhancement (ImageEnhance)

• Adjust color saturation.

from PIL import ImageEnhance
enhancer = ImageEnhance.Color(img)
vibrant_img = enhancer.enhance(2.0)

• Adjust brightness.

enhancer = ImageEnhance.Brightness(img)
bright_img = enhancer.enhance(1.5)

• Adjust contrast.

enhancer = ImageEnhance.Contrast(img)
contrast_img = enhancer.enhance(1.5)

• Adjust sharpness.

enhancer = ImageEnhance.Sharpness(img)
sharp_img = enhancer.enhance(2.0)

VIII. Drawing (ImageDraw & ImageFont)

• Draw text on an image.

from PIL import ImageDraw, ImageFont
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img)
font = ImageFont.truetype("arial.ttf", 36)
draw.text((10, 10), "Hello", font=font, fill="red")

• Draw a line.

draw.line((0, 0, 100, 200), fill="blue", width=3)

• Draw a rectangle (outline).

draw.rectangle([10, 10, 90, 60], outline="green", width=2)

• Draw a filled ellipse.

draw.ellipse([100, 100, 180, 150], fill="yellow")

• Draw a polygon.

draw.polygon([(10,10), (20,50), (60,10)], fill="purple")

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