Python For Data Science Tutorial Series

Topic: Conditional Statements (if-else in Python)

Check out our latest YouTube Video in which we have covered this very important topic that you must know very well.

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Today's Interview QnAs

Company - Numerator

Role- Data Analyst


1.How to create filters in Power BI?

Filters are an integral part of Power BI reports. They are used to slice and dice the data as per the dimensions we want. Filters are created in a couple of ways.

Using Slicers: A slicer is a visual under Visualization Pane. This can be added to the design view to filter our reports. When a slicer is added to the design view, it requires a field to be added to it. For example- Slicer can be added for Country fields. Then the data can be filtered based on countries.
Using Filter Pane: The Power BI team has added a filter pane to the reports, which is a single space where we can add different fields as filters. And these fields can be added depending on whether you want to filter only one visual(Visual level filter), or all the visuals in the report page(Page level filters), or applicable to all the pages of the report(report level filters)


2. What is MDX in Power BI?

MDX is an Analysis Services Tabular capability that is basically used to help improve the user experience in Excel and various other applications that use MDX query language against the tabular form of the models and Power BI datasets. To have a hands-on the MDX, try it by deploying your datasets in Power BI and then connecting with Excel by using analyze in Excel, the new Power BI Datasets within Excel feature, or you can connect to this dataset on Power BI Premium as well through the XMLA endpoint.


3.How to convert numbers to words in excel in rupees?

Select a cell adjacent to the cell you want the currency (Rupees) to be converted into words.
Enter the formula – NumberstoWords(A1) and press Enter. A1 is the cell containing the currency in Rupees.
Press Enter to confirm the formula.


4.How to round off in excel?

You can use the ROUNDUP function to round off in Excel. Here is how –

Select a blank cell.
Use the ROUND function by entering the syntax – “=ROUNDUP(number,num_digits).
Where number denotes the number to round up and num_digits refers to a number of digits to which it should be rounded up.

Press Return.
Using the button, you can round off in Excel by following these steps –

Select the cells you want to round off.
Go to the Home tab, click Increase Decimal or Decrease Decimal.
Press Enter.

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🚨Data Science Project Explanation Video

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Today's Interview QnAs

Company - Adecco

Role - Data Analyst


1.How to remove space in excel?

To remove extra spaces in Excel –

Press Ctrl+Space to select cells in a column.
Open the “Find & Replace” dialog box using the shortcut Ctrl+H.
In the “Find What” field, press the spacebar.
Leave the “Replace with” field empty.
Click on “Replace all” and press OK. All spaces will be removed.


2.How to calculate age in excel?

The easiest way to calculate age in MS Excel is using the formula –

“=DATEDIF(birth_date,as_of_date,”y”)”

The result will be the number of complete years.


3.What is Power BI Cloud?

Power BI Cloud is a Cloud-Based Data Visualization set-up that gives access to its users for editing, viewing, creating, and sharing the dashboards’ reports & datasets across organizations and a group of people by protecting the Admin Rights & Credentials. Access is required to view & edit these reports & dashboards.


4. How to combine two columns in Power BI?

To combine two columns in Power BI, you need to select a new calculated column using the DAX expression.

For example, if you need to add the values of two columns & make the third column, then you can do it by the Following DAX Expression:

Total=Sheet Name(Col1) +sheet Name(Col2). In the image below, two text columns City & State, are added & concatenated to one new column. In the same way, you can add Numeric columns using DAX.

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Today's Interview QnAs

Company- IBM

Role- Data Analyst


1.What is a heatmap? Give an example.

A heatmap is a type of visualization used to demonstrate a set of data through varying shades of colours where the darkest shade of a specific colour denotes an extreme value (high intensity/density). It is typically used to compare two or more measures.

A quick example of a heatmap would be to understand the anatomy of the human body and observe the level of warmth depending upon the temperature of specific organs. If the red-yellow combination of colours is used, the areas that show red will denote the maximum temperature.


2. What is DRIVE Program Methodology?

It is a product of iterative sessions previously used and tested by enterprise deployments. It is based on best practises and allows a user to follow a specific set of actions to avoid errors and expedite reporting or visualization process.


3. When does regularization come into play in Machine Learning?

At times when the model begins to underfit or overfit, regularization becomes necessary. It is a regression that diverts or regularizes the coefficient estimates towards zero. It reduces flexibility and discourages learning in a model to avoid the risk of overfitting. The model complexity is reduced and it becomes better at predicting.


4. What is the order of operations in Excel?

Excel follows PEMDAS: parentheticals, exponents, multiplication, division, addition, and then subtraction. If you type in “=1+2/4” the answer will be 3/2 rather than ¾.

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Today's Interview QnAs

Company- Cloudera

Role: Data Scientist


1.What is covariance?

Covariance signifies the direction of the linear relationship between the two variables. By direction we mean if the variables are directly proportional or inversely proportional to each other. (Increasing the value of one variable might have a positive or a negative impact on the value of the other variable).

The values of covariance can be between -infinity to +infinity.


2.How can you calculate the p-value using MS Excel?

The formula used in MS Excel to calculate p-value is –

=tdist(x,deg_freedom,tails)

The p-value is expressed in decimals in Excel. Here are the steps to calculate it –

-Find the Data tab
On the Analysis tab, click on the data analysis icon

-Select Descriptive Statistics and then click OK

-Select the relevant column
Input the confidence level and other variables


3. What is formula of exponential smoothing?

The simplest form of an exponential smoothing formula is given by:

st = αxt+(1 – α)st-1= st-1+ α(xt – st-1)

Here,

st = smoothed statistic, it is the simple weighted average of current observation xt

st-1 = previous smoothed statistic

α = smoothing factor of data; 0 < α < 1

t = time period

If the value of the smoothing factor is larger, then the level of smoothing will reduce. Value of α close to 1 has less of a smoothing effect and give greater weight to recent changes in the data, while the value of α closer to zero has a greater smoothing effect and are less responsive to recent changes.


4. Consider a small unit of a factory where there are 5 employees : a supervisor and four labourers. The workers earn a salary of Rs. 5,000 per month each while the supervisor gets Rs. 15,000 per month. Calculate the mean, median and mode of the salaries.

Mean = (5000 + 5000 + 5000 + 5000 + 15000)/5 = 35000/5 = 7000

So, the mean salary is Rs. 7000 per month

To obtain the median, let us arrange the salaries in ascending order:

5000, 5000, 5000, 5000, 15000

Median = (n+1)/2 = (5+1)/2 = 6/2 = 3rd observation

Median = Rs. 5000/-

Mode = Number of times an observation is repeated = Rs.5000/

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Today's Interview QnAs

Company- Accenture

Role- Data Analyst


1.How would you track down the last line and segment in VBA?

To track down the last column, utilize the underneath lines code in the VBA module:

Sub FindingLastRow()

Faint lastRow As Long

lastRow = ActiveSheet.Cells.SpecialCells(xlLastCell).Row

MsgBox (lastRow)

End Sub

To track down the last section, utilize the beneath lines code in the VBA module:

Sub FindingLastColumn()

Faint lastRow As Long

lastColumn = ActiveSheet.Cells.SpecialCells(xlLastCell).Column

MsgBox (lastColumn)

End Sub


2.How to increase size of pie in tableau?

Creating a pie chart requires atleast one measure and one dimension in row and shelf column. Then you can select a pie chart from either the show me option on the right side of the screen or from the marks card change automatic to pie. Then give some detailing to the pie chart by using a dimension in colour and measure in angle. Option to increase the size also comes under marks card. Click on the size option and then move the slider towards right to increase its size.


3.How to calculate the average in Power BI?

Average can be calculated in two ways-

one is when we add a measure to a visual; by default, it summarizes any measure. When we click on the drop-down for the measure- we can change from Sum to Average. This gives us an average.

The second one is creating a calculated measure for average using the AVERAGE() DAX function.


4.Where is the data stored in Power BI?

The nation or area for the business identity is chosen by the first user in your organization who signs up for Power BI or Microsoft 365. The cloud’s shared identity and access management service, Azure Active Directory (AAD), establishes a tenant in the data center region nearest to the chosen nation or area. AAD is a multi-tenant service, with each enterprise represented in the data center as a separate tenant. The data is saved in the area you choose at sign-up. This region will be the same for all users in your organization, regardless of their location. The chosen region should, ideally, be in the same geographical area as the majority of your consumers.

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