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1. What is a bucket in Google Cloud Storage?
A bucket in Google Cloud Storage (GCS) is a container that stores objects, such as files, images, and videos. It's similar to a folder on your computer. You can organize your data within buckets and set access controls to manage who can view or modify the contents.
2. Explain the concept of regions and zones in GCP.
Regions: Google Cloud Platform is divided into regions, which are geographically distinct locations. Each region is a separate data center facility with multiple zones.
Zones: Within a region, there are multiple zones. Zones are physically distinct locations within a region that are designed to be highly available and resilient.
By understanding regions and zones, you can choose the most appropriate location for your resources based on factors like latency, data sovereignty, and disaster recovery.
3. What is cloud functions?
Cloud Functions is a serverless computing platform that allows you to run code without managing servers. You can write functions in various languages (e.g., Node.js, Python, Java) and deploy them to GCP. Cloud Functions automatically scale to handle varying workloads, making it a cost-effective and efficient way to run event-driven applications.
4. What is Google Kubernetes Engine?
Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) is a managed Kubernetes service that simplifies the deployment, management, and scaling of containerized applications. It provides a fully managed environment for running Kubernetes clusters on Google Cloud Platform.
5. What are IAM roles and permissions?
IAM roles and permissions are used to control access to Google Cloud Platform resources. An IAM role is a collection of permissions that grant access to specific resources. You can assign roles to users, groups, or service accounts to manage their access privileges.
6. How does billing work in GCP?
Google Cloud Platform uses a pay-as-you-go pricing model. You are charged for the resources you use, such as compute instances, storage, and network traffic. Billing is based on usage metrics like CPU time, storage space, and network bandwidth.
7. How do you monitor resources in GCP?
Google Cloud Platform provides various monitoring tools to track resource usage and performance. Some popular options include:
Cloud Monitoring: A fully managed monitoring service for collecting, analyzing, and alerting on metrics.
Stackdriver Logging: A managed logging service for collecting and analyzing logs from your GCP resources.
Cloud Trace: A distributed tracing service for understanding the performance of your applications.
8. How do you create a virtual machine in GCP?
You can create a virtual machine in GCP using the Compute Engine service. You'll need to specify the instance type, zone, machine image, and other relevant configuration options. You can use the Google Cloud Console, the gcloud command-line tool, or the Compute Engine API to create virtual machines.
9. Explain the concept of serverless computing.
Serverless computing is a cloud computing model where you don't have to manage servers. Instead, you write code and deploy it to a serverless platform like Cloud Functions. The platform automatically scales resources based on demand, eliminating the need for you to worry about infrastructure management.
10. Describe the different types of storage options in GCP.
Google Cloud Platform offers various storage options to suit different needs:
Object Storage: (GCS) for storing unstructured data like files, images, and videos.
Block Storage: (Persistent Disk) for storing data that needs to be directly attached to virtual machines.
File Storage: (File Storage) for sharing files across multiple virtual machines.
Data Warehouse: (BigQuery) for storing and analyzing large datasets.
Specialized Storage: (Cloud SQL, Cloud Spanner) for specific database and transactional workloads.
A bucket in Google Cloud Storage (GCS) is a container that stores objects, such as files, images, and videos. It's similar to a folder on your computer. You can organize your data within buckets and set access controls to manage who can view or modify the contents.
2. Explain the concept of regions and zones in GCP.
Regions: Google Cloud Platform is divided into regions, which are geographically distinct locations. Each region is a separate data center facility with multiple zones.
Zones: Within a region, there are multiple zones. Zones are physically distinct locations within a region that are designed to be highly available and resilient.
By understanding regions and zones, you can choose the most appropriate location for your resources based on factors like latency, data sovereignty, and disaster recovery.
3. What is cloud functions?
Cloud Functions is a serverless computing platform that allows you to run code without managing servers. You can write functions in various languages (e.g., Node.js, Python, Java) and deploy them to GCP. Cloud Functions automatically scale to handle varying workloads, making it a cost-effective and efficient way to run event-driven applications.
4. What is Google Kubernetes Engine?
Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) is a managed Kubernetes service that simplifies the deployment, management, and scaling of containerized applications. It provides a fully managed environment for running Kubernetes clusters on Google Cloud Platform.
5. What are IAM roles and permissions?
IAM roles and permissions are used to control access to Google Cloud Platform resources. An IAM role is a collection of permissions that grant access to specific resources. You can assign roles to users, groups, or service accounts to manage their access privileges.
6. How does billing work in GCP?
Google Cloud Platform uses a pay-as-you-go pricing model. You are charged for the resources you use, such as compute instances, storage, and network traffic. Billing is based on usage metrics like CPU time, storage space, and network bandwidth.
7. How do you monitor resources in GCP?
Google Cloud Platform provides various monitoring tools to track resource usage and performance. Some popular options include:
Cloud Monitoring: A fully managed monitoring service for collecting, analyzing, and alerting on metrics.
Stackdriver Logging: A managed logging service for collecting and analyzing logs from your GCP resources.
Cloud Trace: A distributed tracing service for understanding the performance of your applications.
8. How do you create a virtual machine in GCP?
You can create a virtual machine in GCP using the Compute Engine service. You'll need to specify the instance type, zone, machine image, and other relevant configuration options. You can use the Google Cloud Console, the gcloud command-line tool, or the Compute Engine API to create virtual machines.
9. Explain the concept of serverless computing.
Serverless computing is a cloud computing model where you don't have to manage servers. Instead, you write code and deploy it to a serverless platform like Cloud Functions. The platform automatically scales resources based on demand, eliminating the need for you to worry about infrastructure management.
10. Describe the different types of storage options in GCP.
Google Cloud Platform offers various storage options to suit different needs:
Object Storage: (GCS) for storing unstructured data like files, images, and videos.
Block Storage: (Persistent Disk) for storing data that needs to be directly attached to virtual machines.
File Storage: (File Storage) for sharing files across multiple virtual machines.
Data Warehouse: (BigQuery) for storing and analyzing large datasets.
Specialized Storage: (Cloud SQL, Cloud Spanner) for specific database and transactional workloads.
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11. How do you implement load balancing in GCP?
Google Cloud Platform offers several load balancing options:
Load Balancing: Used for distributing traffic across multiple backend servers.
HTTP(S) Load Balancing: For load balancing HTTP(S) traffic to web applications.
TCP/UDP Load Balancing: For load balancing TCP or UDP traffic to backend servers.
Internal Load Balancing: For balancing traffic within a VPC.
12. Explain how to set up a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC).
A VPC is a private network within Google Cloud Platform. To set up a VPC, you need to specify the following:
Network: The name of your VPC network.
Region: The region where you want to create your VPC.
Subnets: The subnets within your VPC, which define IP address ranges.
Firewall rules: The firewall rules that control network traffic into and out of your VPC.
You can use the Google Cloud Console, gcloud command-line tool, or the VPC API to create a VPC.
13. What are some best practices for cloud security in GCP?
IAM Roles and Permissions: Use granular IAM roles and permissions to control access to resources.
Encryption: Encrypt data at rest and in transit using services like Cloud KMS.
Network Security: Use VPCs, firewall rules, and network security groups to control network traffic.
Patch Management: Keep your systems up-to-date with the latest security patches.
Monitoring and Logging: Monitor your resources for unusual activity and analyze logs for security threats.
14. Explain the use of service accounts in GCP.
Service accounts are used to authenticate and authorize applications to access GCP resources. You can create service accounts and assign them specific roles and permissions. This allows you to manage access to your resources without requiring user credentials.
15. What is Cloud Spanner, and how does it differ from Cloud SQL?
Cloud Spanner is a fully managed, globally distributed relational database service. It offers strong consistency, high availability, and automatic sharding for horizontal scalability. Cloud SQL, on the other hand, is a managed relational database service that provides a choice of database engines (MySQL, PostgreSQL, etc.) and is typically used for smaller-scale applications.
16. How can you migrate data from on-premises to GCP?
There are several ways to migrate data to GCP, depending on the type and size of your data:
Data Transfer Service: Use Google Cloud Transfer Service to transfer data from on-premises storage to GCS.
VM Migration: Migrate your virtual machines to GCP using tools like Compute Engine Migration Center.
Database Migration: Use tools like Cloud Data Migration Service to migrate databases to GCP.
17. What is the purpose of Google Cloud Armor?
Google Cloud Armor is a DDoS protection service that helps protect your applications from distributed denial-of-service attacks. It uses intelligent traffic filtering to identify and mitigate malicious traffic.
18. How do you manage secrets in GCP?
You can manage secrets in GCP using Secret Manager. Secret Manager allows you to store and retrieve sensitive data, such as API keys, passwords, and certificates. You can also use IAM roles to control access to secrets.
19. How can you scale applications on GKE?
GKE automatically scales your applications based on demand. You can configure horizontal pod autoscalers (HPAs) to automatically adjust the number of pods in a deployment based on metrics like CPU utilization or memory usage.
20. Describe how to implement CI/CD pipelines using Google Cloud Build.
Google Cloud Build is a fully managed continuous integration and continuous delivery service. You can use Cloud Build to automate the building, testing, and deployment of your applications. To implement CI/CD pipelines with Cloud Build, you can create build configurations that specify the source code repository, build steps, and deployment targets. You can also integrate Cloud Build with other GCP services like Cloud Deploy for automated deployments.
Google Cloud Platform offers several load balancing options:
Load Balancing: Used for distributing traffic across multiple backend servers.
HTTP(S) Load Balancing: For load balancing HTTP(S) traffic to web applications.
TCP/UDP Load Balancing: For load balancing TCP or UDP traffic to backend servers.
Internal Load Balancing: For balancing traffic within a VPC.
12. Explain how to set up a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC).
A VPC is a private network within Google Cloud Platform. To set up a VPC, you need to specify the following:
Network: The name of your VPC network.
Region: The region where you want to create your VPC.
Subnets: The subnets within your VPC, which define IP address ranges.
Firewall rules: The firewall rules that control network traffic into and out of your VPC.
You can use the Google Cloud Console, gcloud command-line tool, or the VPC API to create a VPC.
13. What are some best practices for cloud security in GCP?
IAM Roles and Permissions: Use granular IAM roles and permissions to control access to resources.
Encryption: Encrypt data at rest and in transit using services like Cloud KMS.
Network Security: Use VPCs, firewall rules, and network security groups to control network traffic.
Patch Management: Keep your systems up-to-date with the latest security patches.
Monitoring and Logging: Monitor your resources for unusual activity and analyze logs for security threats.
14. Explain the use of service accounts in GCP.
Service accounts are used to authenticate and authorize applications to access GCP resources. You can create service accounts and assign them specific roles and permissions. This allows you to manage access to your resources without requiring user credentials.
15. What is Cloud Spanner, and how does it differ from Cloud SQL?
Cloud Spanner is a fully managed, globally distributed relational database service. It offers strong consistency, high availability, and automatic sharding for horizontal scalability. Cloud SQL, on the other hand, is a managed relational database service that provides a choice of database engines (MySQL, PostgreSQL, etc.) and is typically used for smaller-scale applications.
16. How can you migrate data from on-premises to GCP?
There are several ways to migrate data to GCP, depending on the type and size of your data:
Data Transfer Service: Use Google Cloud Transfer Service to transfer data from on-premises storage to GCS.
VM Migration: Migrate your virtual machines to GCP using tools like Compute Engine Migration Center.
Database Migration: Use tools like Cloud Data Migration Service to migrate databases to GCP.
17. What is the purpose of Google Cloud Armor?
Google Cloud Armor is a DDoS protection service that helps protect your applications from distributed denial-of-service attacks. It uses intelligent traffic filtering to identify and mitigate malicious traffic.
18. How do you manage secrets in GCP?
You can manage secrets in GCP using Secret Manager. Secret Manager allows you to store and retrieve sensitive data, such as API keys, passwords, and certificates. You can also use IAM roles to control access to secrets.
19. How can you scale applications on GKE?
GKE automatically scales your applications based on demand. You can configure horizontal pod autoscalers (HPAs) to automatically adjust the number of pods in a deployment based on metrics like CPU utilization or memory usage.
20. Describe how to implement CI/CD pipelines using Google Cloud Build.
Google Cloud Build is a fully managed continuous integration and continuous delivery service. You can use Cloud Build to automate the building, testing, and deployment of your applications. To implement CI/CD pipelines with Cloud Build, you can create build configurations that specify the source code repository, build steps, and deployment targets. You can also integrate Cloud Build with other GCP services like Cloud Deploy for automated deployments.