.pkcs12 .pfx .p12
Originally defined by RSA in the Public-Key Cryptography Standards, the "12" variant was enhanced by Microsoft. This is a passworded container format that contains both public and private certificate pairs. Unlike .pem files, this container is fully encrypted. Openssl can turn this into a .pem file with both public and private keys: openssl pkcs12 -in file-to-convert.p12 -out converted-file.pem -nodes

.der
A way to encode ASN.1 syntax in binary, a .pem file is just a Base64 encoded .der file. OpenSSL can convert these to .pem (openssl x509 -inform der -in to-convert.der -out converted.pem). Windows sees these as Certificate files. By default, Windows will export certificates as .DER formatted files with a different extension. Like...

.cert .cer .crt
A .pem (or rarely .der) formatted file with a different extension, one that is recognized by Windows Explorer as a certificate, which .pem is not.

.p7b
Defined in RFC 2315, this is a format used by windows for certificate interchange. Java understands these natively. Unlike .pem style certificates, this format has a defined way to include certification-path certificates

.crl
A certificate revocation list. Certificate Authorities produce these as a way to de-authorize certificates before expiration. You can sometimes download them from CA websites

مراحل راه اندازی وب سرور امن wamp در ویندوز :
http://www.phpjoel.com/2011/04/07/installing-ssl-using-openssl-on-a-wamp-localhost/

#security #webserver #malware #botnet #DOS

کتاب آشنائی با زیرساخت کلید عمومی
http://www.slideshare.net/albertjeremy/windows-server-2008-pki-and-certificate-security?qid=543b8017-ca36-4ef6-b0ea-9d2e0b6a1a7b&v=&b=&from_search=3

#cloud #innovation # business #SaaS #IT #CAPEX #OPEX #scalability #agility #API #Service #Security #privacy #compliance #interoperability #lockin #resistance