ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN NATIONS (ASEAN)
• It was established on 8 August 1967 in Bangkok, Thailand, with the signing of the ASEAN Declaration (Bangkok Declaration) by the Founding Fathers of ASEAN, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand.
• Brunei Darussalam then joined on 7 January 1984, Viet Nam on 28 July 1995, Lao PDR and Myanmar on 23 July 1997, and Cambodia on 30 April 1999, making up what is today the ten Member States of ASEAN
Aims and Purpose
• To accelerate the economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region through joint endeavours in the spirit of equality and partnership to strengthen the foundation for a prosperous and peaceful community of Southeast Asian Nations;
• To promote regional peace and stability through abiding respect for justice and the rule of law in the relationship among countries of the region and adherence to the principles of the United Nations Charter;
• To promote active collaboration and mutual assistance on matters of common interest in the economic, social, cultural, technical, scientific and administrative fields;
• To assist each other in the form of training and research facilities in the educational, professional, technical and administrative spheres;
• To collaborate more effectively for the greater utilisation of their agriculture and industries, the expansion of their trade, including the study of the problems of international commodity trade, the improvement of their transportation and communications facilities and the raising of the living standards of their peoples;
• To promote Southeast Asian studies;
• To maintain close and beneficial cooperation with existing international and regional organisations with similar aims and purposes, and explore all avenues for even closer cooperation among themselves.
ASEAN Community Councils
It comprises the Council of all the three pillars of ASEAN. Under their purview is the relevant ASEAN Sectoral Ministerial Bodies.
ASEAN Community is comprised of three pillars:
• ASEAN Political-Security Community
• ASEAN Economic Community
• ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community
ASEAN-led Forums
• ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF): Launched in 1993. Its objective is to foster constructive dialogue and consultation on political and security issues of common interest and concern and to make significant contributions to eff orts towards confidence-building and preventive diplomacy in the Asia-Pacific region.
• ASEAN Plus Three: The consultative group initiated in 1997 brings together ASEAN’s ten members, China, Japan, and South Korea.
• East Asia Summit (EAS): First held in 2005, the summit seeks to promote security and prosperity in the region and is usually attended by the heads of state from ASEAN, Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand, Russia, South Korea, and the United States. ASEAN plays a central role as the agenda-setter
How important is the region economically?
• If ASEAN were a country, it would be the seventh-largest economy in the world, with a combined GDP of $2.6 trillion in 2014. By 2050 it’s projected to rank as the fourth-largest economy.
• Home to more than 622 million people, the region has a larger population than the European Union or North America. It also has the third-largest labour force in the world, behind China and India.
• Free-trade agreements (FTAs) with China, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia, and New Zealand.
• ASEAN’s share of global exports has also risen, from only 2 percent in 1967 to 7 percent by 2016, indicating the rising importance of trade to ASEAN’s economic prospects.
• The ASEAN Single Aviation Market and Open Skies policies have increased its transport and connectivity potential. #UPSC #INDIA #IR #prelims Join @plusstudents
• It was established on 8 August 1967 in Bangkok, Thailand, with the signing of the ASEAN Declaration (Bangkok Declaration) by the Founding Fathers of ASEAN, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand.
• Brunei Darussalam then joined on 7 January 1984, Viet Nam on 28 July 1995, Lao PDR and Myanmar on 23 July 1997, and Cambodia on 30 April 1999, making up what is today the ten Member States of ASEAN
Aims and Purpose
• To accelerate the economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region through joint endeavours in the spirit of equality and partnership to strengthen the foundation for a prosperous and peaceful community of Southeast Asian Nations;
• To promote regional peace and stability through abiding respect for justice and the rule of law in the relationship among countries of the region and adherence to the principles of the United Nations Charter;
• To promote active collaboration and mutual assistance on matters of common interest in the economic, social, cultural, technical, scientific and administrative fields;
• To assist each other in the form of training and research facilities in the educational, professional, technical and administrative spheres;
• To collaborate more effectively for the greater utilisation of their agriculture and industries, the expansion of their trade, including the study of the problems of international commodity trade, the improvement of their transportation and communications facilities and the raising of the living standards of their peoples;
• To promote Southeast Asian studies;
• To maintain close and beneficial cooperation with existing international and regional organisations with similar aims and purposes, and explore all avenues for even closer cooperation among themselves.
ASEAN Community Councils
It comprises the Council of all the three pillars of ASEAN. Under their purview is the relevant ASEAN Sectoral Ministerial Bodies.
ASEAN Community is comprised of three pillars:
• ASEAN Political-Security Community
• ASEAN Economic Community
• ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community
ASEAN-led Forums
• ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF): Launched in 1993. Its objective is to foster constructive dialogue and consultation on political and security issues of common interest and concern and to make significant contributions to eff orts towards confidence-building and preventive diplomacy in the Asia-Pacific region.
• ASEAN Plus Three: The consultative group initiated in 1997 brings together ASEAN’s ten members, China, Japan, and South Korea.
• East Asia Summit (EAS): First held in 2005, the summit seeks to promote security and prosperity in the region and is usually attended by the heads of state from ASEAN, Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand, Russia, South Korea, and the United States. ASEAN plays a central role as the agenda-setter
How important is the region economically?
• If ASEAN were a country, it would be the seventh-largest economy in the world, with a combined GDP of $2.6 trillion in 2014. By 2050 it’s projected to rank as the fourth-largest economy.
• Home to more than 622 million people, the region has a larger population than the European Union or North America. It also has the third-largest labour force in the world, behind China and India.
• Free-trade agreements (FTAs) with China, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia, and New Zealand.
• ASEAN’s share of global exports has also risen, from only 2 percent in 1967 to 7 percent by 2016, indicating the rising importance of trade to ASEAN’s economic prospects.
• The ASEAN Single Aviation Market and Open Skies policies have increased its transport and connectivity potential. #UPSC #INDIA #IR #prelims Join @plusstudents
Forwarded from CIVILS PLUS IAS ACADEMY
ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN NATIONS (ASEAN)
• It was established on 8 August 1967 in Bangkok, Thailand, with the signing of the ASEAN Declaration (Bangkok Declaration) by the Founding Fathers of ASEAN, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand.
• Brunei Darussalam then joined on 7 January 1984, Viet Nam on 28 July 1995, Lao PDR and Myanmar on 23 July 1997, and Cambodia on 30 April 1999, making up what is today the ten Member States of ASEAN
Aims and Purpose
• To accelerate the economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region through joint endeavours in the spirit of equality and partnership to strengthen the foundation for a prosperous and peaceful community of Southeast Asian Nations;
• To promote regional peace and stability through abiding respect for justice and the rule of law in the relationship among countries of the region and adherence to the principles of the United Nations Charter;
• To promote active collaboration and mutual assistance on matters of common interest in the economic, social, cultural, technical, scientific and administrative fields;
• To assist each other in the form of training and research facilities in the educational, professional, technical and administrative spheres;
• To collaborate more effectively for the greater utilisation of their agriculture and industries, the expansion of their trade, including the study of the problems of international commodity trade, the improvement of their transportation and communications facilities and the raising of the living standards of their peoples;
• To promote Southeast Asian studies;
• To maintain close and beneficial cooperation with existing international and regional organisations with similar aims and purposes, and explore all avenues for even closer cooperation among themselves.
ASEAN Community Councils
It comprises the Council of all the three pillars of ASEAN. Under their purview is the relevant ASEAN Sectoral Ministerial Bodies.
ASEAN Community is comprised of three pillars:
• ASEAN Political-Security Community
• ASEAN Economic Community
• ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community
ASEAN-led Forums
• ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF): Launched in 1993. Its objective is to foster constructive dialogue and consultation on political and security issues of common interest and concern and to make significant contributions to eff orts towards confidence-building and preventive diplomacy in the Asia-Pacific region.
• ASEAN Plus Three: The consultative group initiated in 1997 brings together ASEAN’s ten members, China, Japan, and South Korea.
• East Asia Summit (EAS): First held in 2005, the summit seeks to promote security and prosperity in the region and is usually attended by the heads of state from ASEAN, Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand, Russia, South Korea, and the United States. ASEAN plays a central role as the agenda-setter
How important is the region economically?
• If ASEAN were a country, it would be the seventh-largest economy in the world, with a combined GDP of $2.6 trillion in 2014. By 2050 it’s projected to rank as the fourth-largest economy.
• Home to more than 622 million people, the region has a larger population than the European Union or North America. It also has the third-largest labour force in the world, behind China and India.
• Free-trade agreements (FTAs) with China, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia, and New Zealand.
• ASEAN’s share of global exports has also risen, from only 2 percent in 1967 to 7 percent by 2016, indicating the rising importance of trade to ASEAN’s economic prospects.
• The ASEAN Single Aviation Market and Open Skies policies have increased its transport and connectivity potential. #UPSC #INDIA #IR #prelims Join @plusstudents
• It was established on 8 August 1967 in Bangkok, Thailand, with the signing of the ASEAN Declaration (Bangkok Declaration) by the Founding Fathers of ASEAN, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand.
• Brunei Darussalam then joined on 7 January 1984, Viet Nam on 28 July 1995, Lao PDR and Myanmar on 23 July 1997, and Cambodia on 30 April 1999, making up what is today the ten Member States of ASEAN
Aims and Purpose
• To accelerate the economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region through joint endeavours in the spirit of equality and partnership to strengthen the foundation for a prosperous and peaceful community of Southeast Asian Nations;
• To promote regional peace and stability through abiding respect for justice and the rule of law in the relationship among countries of the region and adherence to the principles of the United Nations Charter;
• To promote active collaboration and mutual assistance on matters of common interest in the economic, social, cultural, technical, scientific and administrative fields;
• To assist each other in the form of training and research facilities in the educational, professional, technical and administrative spheres;
• To collaborate more effectively for the greater utilisation of their agriculture and industries, the expansion of their trade, including the study of the problems of international commodity trade, the improvement of their transportation and communications facilities and the raising of the living standards of their peoples;
• To promote Southeast Asian studies;
• To maintain close and beneficial cooperation with existing international and regional organisations with similar aims and purposes, and explore all avenues for even closer cooperation among themselves.
ASEAN Community Councils
It comprises the Council of all the three pillars of ASEAN. Under their purview is the relevant ASEAN Sectoral Ministerial Bodies.
ASEAN Community is comprised of three pillars:
• ASEAN Political-Security Community
• ASEAN Economic Community
• ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community
ASEAN-led Forums
• ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF): Launched in 1993. Its objective is to foster constructive dialogue and consultation on political and security issues of common interest and concern and to make significant contributions to eff orts towards confidence-building and preventive diplomacy in the Asia-Pacific region.
• ASEAN Plus Three: The consultative group initiated in 1997 brings together ASEAN’s ten members, China, Japan, and South Korea.
• East Asia Summit (EAS): First held in 2005, the summit seeks to promote security and prosperity in the region and is usually attended by the heads of state from ASEAN, Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand, Russia, South Korea, and the United States. ASEAN plays a central role as the agenda-setter
How important is the region economically?
• If ASEAN were a country, it would be the seventh-largest economy in the world, with a combined GDP of $2.6 trillion in 2014. By 2050 it’s projected to rank as the fourth-largest economy.
• Home to more than 622 million people, the region has a larger population than the European Union or North America. It also has the third-largest labour force in the world, behind China and India.
• Free-trade agreements (FTAs) with China, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia, and New Zealand.
• ASEAN’s share of global exports has also risen, from only 2 percent in 1967 to 7 percent by 2016, indicating the rising importance of trade to ASEAN’s economic prospects.
• The ASEAN Single Aviation Market and Open Skies policies have increased its transport and connectivity potential. #UPSC #INDIA #IR #prelims Join @plusstudents
💥BAY OF BENGAL INITIATIVE FOR MULTI-SECTORAL TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC COOPERATION (BIMSTEC)
• It is a regional organization comprising seven Member States lying in the littoral and adjacent areas of the Bay of Bengal constituting a contiguous regional unity.
• It came into being on 6 June 1997 through the Bangkok Declaration.
• It constitutes seven Member States: five deriving from South Asia, including Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and two from Southeast Asia, including Myanmar and Thailand.
• Initially, the economic bloc was formed with four Member States with the acronym ‘BIST-EC’ (Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, and Thailand Economic Cooperation).
• Following the inclusion of Myanmar on 22 December 1997 during a special Ministerial Meeting in Bangkok, the Group was renamed ‘BIMST-EC’ (Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, and Thailand Economic Cooperation).
• With the admission of Nepal and Bhutan at the 6th Ministerial Meeting (February 2004, Thailand), the name of the grouping was changed to ‘Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation’ (BIMSTEC)
💥Objective
• The objective of building such an alliance was to harness shared and accelerated growth through mutual cooperation in different areas of common interests by mitigating the onslaught of globalization and by utilizing regional resources and geographical advantages.
• Unlike many other regional groupings, BIMSTEC is a sector-driven cooperative organization. Starting with six sectors—including trade, technology, energy, transport, tourism, and fi sheries—for sectoral cooperation in late 1997, it expanded to embrace nine more sectors—including agriculture, public health, poverty alleviation, counter-terrorism, environment, culture, people to people contact and climate change— in 2008
💥Institutional Mechanisms
• BIMSTEC Summit – Highest policymaking body in the BIMSTEC process and is comprised of heads of state/government of member states.
• Ministerial Meeting – Second apex policy-making forum of BIMSTEC attended by the External/Foreign Ministers of Member States.
• Senior Officials’ Meeting – Represented by Senior Officials of Foreign Ministries of the Member States.
• BIMSTEC Working Group – Attended by Ambassadors of BIMSTEC Member Countries to Bangladesh or their representatives every month at the BIMSTEC Secretariat in Dhaka.
• Business Forum & Economic Forum – The two important forums to ensure active participation of the private sector
💥What does this grouping mean in numbers?
• The BIMSTEC region is home to around 1.5 billion people which make up for around 22% of the world’s population. The region has a combined gross domestic product (GDP) of $2.8 trillion. India’s interest in the grouping
• Bridge between South Asia and Southeast Asia: The two Southeast Asian countries in the grouping, Myanmar and Thailand, have a crucial place for India’s ambitious connectivity plans for the northeastern region. Myanmar is only a Southeast Asian country India has a land boundary with
• Act East policy: An India-Myanmar-Thailand highway is one of the key projects that fi gures in a big way in the government’s Act East (earlier Look East) policy.
• Pakistan’s obstructive attitude at the SAARC: BIMSTEC more naturally lends itself to regional integration— physical connectivity as well as economic cooperation—than SAARC which is dominated by India and Pakistan and hamstrung by tensions between the two.
• Enhanced Connectivity: BIMSTEC has at last three major projects that, when finished, could transform the movement of goods and vehicles through the countries in the grouping.
• One is the Kaladan Multimodal Project that seeks to link India and Myanmar.
• Another is the Asian Trilateral Highway connecting India and Thailand through Myanmar.
• Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, and Nepal (BBIN) have signed a pact for the movement of goods and vehicles among them. #UPSC #INDIA #IR #prelims Join @plusstudents
• It is a regional organization comprising seven Member States lying in the littoral and adjacent areas of the Bay of Bengal constituting a contiguous regional unity.
• It came into being on 6 June 1997 through the Bangkok Declaration.
• It constitutes seven Member States: five deriving from South Asia, including Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and two from Southeast Asia, including Myanmar and Thailand.
• Initially, the economic bloc was formed with four Member States with the acronym ‘BIST-EC’ (Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, and Thailand Economic Cooperation).
• Following the inclusion of Myanmar on 22 December 1997 during a special Ministerial Meeting in Bangkok, the Group was renamed ‘BIMST-EC’ (Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, and Thailand Economic Cooperation).
• With the admission of Nepal and Bhutan at the 6th Ministerial Meeting (February 2004, Thailand), the name of the grouping was changed to ‘Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation’ (BIMSTEC)
💥Objective
• The objective of building such an alliance was to harness shared and accelerated growth through mutual cooperation in different areas of common interests by mitigating the onslaught of globalization and by utilizing regional resources and geographical advantages.
• Unlike many other regional groupings, BIMSTEC is a sector-driven cooperative organization. Starting with six sectors—including trade, technology, energy, transport, tourism, and fi sheries—for sectoral cooperation in late 1997, it expanded to embrace nine more sectors—including agriculture, public health, poverty alleviation, counter-terrorism, environment, culture, people to people contact and climate change— in 2008
💥Institutional Mechanisms
• BIMSTEC Summit – Highest policymaking body in the BIMSTEC process and is comprised of heads of state/government of member states.
• Ministerial Meeting – Second apex policy-making forum of BIMSTEC attended by the External/Foreign Ministers of Member States.
• Senior Officials’ Meeting – Represented by Senior Officials of Foreign Ministries of the Member States.
• BIMSTEC Working Group – Attended by Ambassadors of BIMSTEC Member Countries to Bangladesh or their representatives every month at the BIMSTEC Secretariat in Dhaka.
• Business Forum & Economic Forum – The two important forums to ensure active participation of the private sector
💥What does this grouping mean in numbers?
• The BIMSTEC region is home to around 1.5 billion people which make up for around 22% of the world’s population. The region has a combined gross domestic product (GDP) of $2.8 trillion. India’s interest in the grouping
• Bridge between South Asia and Southeast Asia: The two Southeast Asian countries in the grouping, Myanmar and Thailand, have a crucial place for India’s ambitious connectivity plans for the northeastern region. Myanmar is only a Southeast Asian country India has a land boundary with
• Act East policy: An India-Myanmar-Thailand highway is one of the key projects that fi gures in a big way in the government’s Act East (earlier Look East) policy.
• Pakistan’s obstructive attitude at the SAARC: BIMSTEC more naturally lends itself to regional integration— physical connectivity as well as economic cooperation—than SAARC which is dominated by India and Pakistan and hamstrung by tensions between the two.
• Enhanced Connectivity: BIMSTEC has at last three major projects that, when finished, could transform the movement of goods and vehicles through the countries in the grouping.
• One is the Kaladan Multimodal Project that seeks to link India and Myanmar.
• Another is the Asian Trilateral Highway connecting India and Thailand through Myanmar.
• Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, and Nepal (BBIN) have signed a pact for the movement of goods and vehicles among them. #UPSC #INDIA #IR #prelims Join @plusstudents
Forwarded from CIVILS PLUS IAS ACADEMY
💥BAY OF BENGAL INITIATIVE FOR MULTI-SECTORAL TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC COOPERATION (BIMSTEC)
• It is a regional organization comprising seven Member States lying in the littoral and adjacent areas of the Bay of Bengal constituting a contiguous regional unity.
• It came into being on 6 June 1997 through the Bangkok Declaration.
• It constitutes seven Member States: five deriving from South Asia, including Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and two from Southeast Asia, including Myanmar and Thailand.
• Initially, the economic bloc was formed with four Member States with the acronym ‘BIST-EC’ (Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, and Thailand Economic Cooperation).
• Following the inclusion of Myanmar on 22 December 1997 during a special Ministerial Meeting in Bangkok, the Group was renamed ‘BIMST-EC’ (Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, and Thailand Economic Cooperation).
• With the admission of Nepal and Bhutan at the 6th Ministerial Meeting (February 2004, Thailand), the name of the grouping was changed to ‘Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation’ (BIMSTEC)
💥Objective
• The objective of building such an alliance was to harness shared and accelerated growth through mutual cooperation in different areas of common interests by mitigating the onslaught of globalization and by utilizing regional resources and geographical advantages.
• Unlike many other regional groupings, BIMSTEC is a sector-driven cooperative organization. Starting with six sectors—including trade, technology, energy, transport, tourism, and fi sheries—for sectoral cooperation in late 1997, it expanded to embrace nine more sectors—including agriculture, public health, poverty alleviation, counter-terrorism, environment, culture, people to people contact and climate change— in 2008
💥Institutional Mechanisms
• BIMSTEC Summit – Highest policymaking body in the BIMSTEC process and is comprised of heads of state/government of member states.
• Ministerial Meeting – Second apex policy-making forum of BIMSTEC attended by the External/Foreign Ministers of Member States.
• Senior Officials’ Meeting – Represented by Senior Officials of Foreign Ministries of the Member States.
• BIMSTEC Working Group – Attended by Ambassadors of BIMSTEC Member Countries to Bangladesh or their representatives every month at the BIMSTEC Secretariat in Dhaka.
• Business Forum & Economic Forum – The two important forums to ensure active participation of the private sector
💥What does this grouping mean in numbers?
• The BIMSTEC region is home to around 1.5 billion people which make up for around 22% of the world’s population. The region has a combined gross domestic product (GDP) of $2.8 trillion. India’s interest in the grouping
• Bridge between South Asia and Southeast Asia: The two Southeast Asian countries in the grouping, Myanmar and Thailand, have a crucial place for India’s ambitious connectivity plans for the northeastern region. Myanmar is only a Southeast Asian country India has a land boundary with
• Act East policy: An India-Myanmar-Thailand highway is one of the key projects that fi gures in a big way in the government’s Act East (earlier Look East) policy.
• Pakistan’s obstructive attitude at the SAARC: BIMSTEC more naturally lends itself to regional integration— physical connectivity as well as economic cooperation—than SAARC which is dominated by India and Pakistan and hamstrung by tensions between the two.
• Enhanced Connectivity: BIMSTEC has at last three major projects that, when finished, could transform the movement of goods and vehicles through the countries in the grouping.
• One is the Kaladan Multimodal Project that seeks to link India and Myanmar.
• Another is the Asian Trilateral Highway connecting India and Thailand through Myanmar.
• Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, and Nepal (BBIN) have signed a pact for the movement of goods and vehicles among them. #UPSC #INDIA #IR #prelims Join @plusstudents
• It is a regional organization comprising seven Member States lying in the littoral and adjacent areas of the Bay of Bengal constituting a contiguous regional unity.
• It came into being on 6 June 1997 through the Bangkok Declaration.
• It constitutes seven Member States: five deriving from South Asia, including Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and two from Southeast Asia, including Myanmar and Thailand.
• Initially, the economic bloc was formed with four Member States with the acronym ‘BIST-EC’ (Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, and Thailand Economic Cooperation).
• Following the inclusion of Myanmar on 22 December 1997 during a special Ministerial Meeting in Bangkok, the Group was renamed ‘BIMST-EC’ (Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, and Thailand Economic Cooperation).
• With the admission of Nepal and Bhutan at the 6th Ministerial Meeting (February 2004, Thailand), the name of the grouping was changed to ‘Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation’ (BIMSTEC)
💥Objective
• The objective of building such an alliance was to harness shared and accelerated growth through mutual cooperation in different areas of common interests by mitigating the onslaught of globalization and by utilizing regional resources and geographical advantages.
• Unlike many other regional groupings, BIMSTEC is a sector-driven cooperative organization. Starting with six sectors—including trade, technology, energy, transport, tourism, and fi sheries—for sectoral cooperation in late 1997, it expanded to embrace nine more sectors—including agriculture, public health, poverty alleviation, counter-terrorism, environment, culture, people to people contact and climate change— in 2008
💥Institutional Mechanisms
• BIMSTEC Summit – Highest policymaking body in the BIMSTEC process and is comprised of heads of state/government of member states.
• Ministerial Meeting – Second apex policy-making forum of BIMSTEC attended by the External/Foreign Ministers of Member States.
• Senior Officials’ Meeting – Represented by Senior Officials of Foreign Ministries of the Member States.
• BIMSTEC Working Group – Attended by Ambassadors of BIMSTEC Member Countries to Bangladesh or their representatives every month at the BIMSTEC Secretariat in Dhaka.
• Business Forum & Economic Forum – The two important forums to ensure active participation of the private sector
💥What does this grouping mean in numbers?
• The BIMSTEC region is home to around 1.5 billion people which make up for around 22% of the world’s population. The region has a combined gross domestic product (GDP) of $2.8 trillion. India’s interest in the grouping
• Bridge between South Asia and Southeast Asia: The two Southeast Asian countries in the grouping, Myanmar and Thailand, have a crucial place for India’s ambitious connectivity plans for the northeastern region. Myanmar is only a Southeast Asian country India has a land boundary with
• Act East policy: An India-Myanmar-Thailand highway is one of the key projects that fi gures in a big way in the government’s Act East (earlier Look East) policy.
• Pakistan’s obstructive attitude at the SAARC: BIMSTEC more naturally lends itself to regional integration— physical connectivity as well as economic cooperation—than SAARC which is dominated by India and Pakistan and hamstrung by tensions between the two.
• Enhanced Connectivity: BIMSTEC has at last three major projects that, when finished, could transform the movement of goods and vehicles through the countries in the grouping.
• One is the Kaladan Multimodal Project that seeks to link India and Myanmar.
• Another is the Asian Trilateral Highway connecting India and Thailand through Myanmar.
• Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, and Nepal (BBIN) have signed a pact for the movement of goods and vehicles among them. #UPSC #INDIA #IR #prelims Join @plusstudents
Forwarded from RANGANATHAN SVN KONDALA
SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANISATION (SCO)
• It is a permanent intergovernmental international organisation, the creation of which was announced on 15 June 2001 in Shanghai (China) by the Republic of Kazakhstan, the People’s Republic of China, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Russian Federation, the Republic of Tajikistan, and the Republic of Uzbekistan. It was preceded by the Shanghai Five mechanism.
• Its Charter was signed during the St. Petersburg SCO Heads of State meeting in June 2002 and entered into force on 19 September 2003.
• SCO pursues its internal policy based on the principles of mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality, mutual consultations, respect for cultural diversity, and a desire for common development, while its external policy is conducted in accordance with the principles of non-alignment, non-targeting any third country, and openness.
• On the meeting held on 8-9 June 2017 in Astana, the status of a full member of the Organization was granted to the Republic of India and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan
SCO’s Main Goals
• Strengthening mutual trust and neighbourliness among the member states;
• Promoting their effective cooperation in politics, trade, the economy, research, technology, and culture, as well as in education, energy, transport, tourism, environmental protection, and other areas;
• Making joint eff orts to maintain and ensure peace, security, and stability in the region;
• Moving towards the establishment of a democratic, fair, and rational new international political and economic order.
Organisation has two permanent bodies
• The SCO Secretariat based in Beijing and the Executive Committee of the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) based in Tashkent.
• The SCO Secretary-General and the Director of the Executive Committee of the SCO RATS are appointed by the Council of Heads of State for a term of three years.
Importance for India
• For India, two important objectives are counter-terrorism and connectivity. These sit well with the SCO’s main objective of working cooperatively against the “three evils” i.e. terrorism, separatism and extremism.
• India wants access to intelligence and information from SCO’s counter-terrorism body Regional Anti Terror Structure (RATS).
• A stable Afghanistan to is in India’s interest, and RATS provides access to non-Pakistan-centred counter-terrorism information there.
• Connectivity is important for India’s Connect Central Asia policy. Energy cooperation dominates its interest – and it’s in China’s neighbourhood. India’s cooperation with Central Asia is the geographic reality that it is separated from the region by a hostile Pakistan and unstable Afghanistan
• SCO membership also bolsters India’s status as a major pan-Asian player, which is boxed in the South Asian paradigm. #UPSC #INDIA #IR #prelims Join @plusstudents
• It is a permanent intergovernmental international organisation, the creation of which was announced on 15 June 2001 in Shanghai (China) by the Republic of Kazakhstan, the People’s Republic of China, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Russian Federation, the Republic of Tajikistan, and the Republic of Uzbekistan. It was preceded by the Shanghai Five mechanism.
• Its Charter was signed during the St. Petersburg SCO Heads of State meeting in June 2002 and entered into force on 19 September 2003.
• SCO pursues its internal policy based on the principles of mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality, mutual consultations, respect for cultural diversity, and a desire for common development, while its external policy is conducted in accordance with the principles of non-alignment, non-targeting any third country, and openness.
• On the meeting held on 8-9 June 2017 in Astana, the status of a full member of the Organization was granted to the Republic of India and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan
SCO’s Main Goals
• Strengthening mutual trust and neighbourliness among the member states;
• Promoting their effective cooperation in politics, trade, the economy, research, technology, and culture, as well as in education, energy, transport, tourism, environmental protection, and other areas;
• Making joint eff orts to maintain and ensure peace, security, and stability in the region;
• Moving towards the establishment of a democratic, fair, and rational new international political and economic order.
Organisation has two permanent bodies
• The SCO Secretariat based in Beijing and the Executive Committee of the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) based in Tashkent.
• The SCO Secretary-General and the Director of the Executive Committee of the SCO RATS are appointed by the Council of Heads of State for a term of three years.
Importance for India
• For India, two important objectives are counter-terrorism and connectivity. These sit well with the SCO’s main objective of working cooperatively against the “three evils” i.e. terrorism, separatism and extremism.
• India wants access to intelligence and information from SCO’s counter-terrorism body Regional Anti Terror Structure (RATS).
• A stable Afghanistan to is in India’s interest, and RATS provides access to non-Pakistan-centred counter-terrorism information there.
• Connectivity is important for India’s Connect Central Asia policy. Energy cooperation dominates its interest – and it’s in China’s neighbourhood. India’s cooperation with Central Asia is the geographic reality that it is separated from the region by a hostile Pakistan and unstable Afghanistan
• SCO membership also bolsters India’s status as a major pan-Asian player, which is boxed in the South Asian paradigm. #UPSC #INDIA #IR #prelims Join @plusstudents
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