the synthesis and recrystallization of Acetophenetidin, Ch4 parts 1 and 4

The template DNA must be eliminated by enzymatic digestion with a restriction enzyme such as DpnI, which is specific for methylated DNA.

NGS基础概念-depth and coverage https://vip.biotrainee.com/d/67-ngs-depth-and-coverage

假阳性：A test result that indicates an individual is affected and/or has a certain gene mutation when he or she is actually unaffected and/or does not have the mutation
（应该是有算法去检验的）

群体遗传学瓶颈效应bottleneck effect：瓶颈是指生物世代交替的过程中，大群体发生奔溃crash，导致群体内个体数目和遗传变异严重丢失。由于群体经历了瓶颈作用，再扩展到原来大小时，群体中等位基因的频率发生波动，这种效应称为瓶颈效应bottleneck effect。群体经历瓶颈后可能快速重新扩张到原来群体的个体数目，但是群体遗传变异水平不可能恢复大原来的水平，直到通过基因突变或基因流，才能恢复到原来群体的遗传变异水平。当一个群体发生瓶颈效应，偶然事件可能是某些等位基因从基因库中丢失，从而产生遗传漂移。群体在瓶颈模式中消失的主要是原群体中稀有的等位基因，中频等位基因大多数会通过瓶颈。因此，瓶颈效应对群体中杂合体频率期望值损失是非常小的。