EDTA: 金属螯合剂，降低酶活性，把酶里面的金属离子螯合出来。
破坏溶液中的DNase, RNase
破坏细胞的桥粒结构，使细胞能够分散成单个细胞

HEPES/ PDS/ Tris: buffer system

Ringer's solution is a solution of several salts dissolved in water for the purpose of creating an isotonic solution relative to the body fluids of an animal. Ringer's solution typically contains sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride and sodium bicarbonate, with the last used to balance the pH. Other additions can include chemical fuel sources for cells, including ATP and dextrose, as well as antibiotics and antifungals.
MMR buffer: Marc’s modified ringer buffer

高瓴想招一个生物PhD做投资，各种金融方面的条件都设成非必须了，还是几个月都招不到人……大家都会有光明的未来的 source

Pigment granules in Stentor coeruleus are extrusive organelles containing the pigment, stentorin, which provides the blue-green colouration to this ciliate. A small, subcellular membrane-bounded vesicle containing pigment and/or pigment precursor molecules

Cortical granules are regulatory secretory organelles (ranging from 0.2 um to 0.6 um in diameter) found within oocytes and are most associated with polyspermy prevention after the event of fertilization. Cortical granules are found among all mammals, many vertebrates, and some invertebrates. Within the oocyte, cortic

https://weibo.com/ttarticle/x/m/show/id/2309404648442034258644?_wb_client_=1
如何让心脏永远跳动丨混乱档案室

Aneuploidy is the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell, for example a human cell having 45 or 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46. ... An extra or missing chromosome is a common cause of some genetic disorders. Some cancer cells also have abnormal numbers of chromosomes.

https://www.zhihu.com/question/306461432
(前两个回答都写得很好）

Cajal body (CBs): are spherical nuclear bodies of 0.3–1.0 µm in diameter found in the nucleus of proliferative cells like embryonic cells and tumor cells, or metabolically active cells like neurons. CBs are membrane-less organelles and largely consist of proteins and RNA. CBs have been implicated in RNA-related metabolic processes such as the biogenesis, maturation and recycling of snRNPs, histone mRNA processing and telomere maintenance. CBs assemble RNA which is used by telomerase to add nucleotides to the ends of telomeres.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cajal_body

Stress granules are dense aggregations in the cytosol composed of proteins and RNAs that appear when the cell is under stress. The RNA molecules stored are stalled translation pre-initiation complexes: failed attempts to make protein from mRNA. Stress granules are 100–200 nm in size (when biochemically purified), not surrounded by membrane, and associated with the endoplasmatic reticulum. Note that there are also nuclear stress granules. Stress granules have long been proposed to have a function to protect RNAs from harmful conditions, thus their appearance under stress. The accumulation of RNAs into dense globules could keep them from reacting with harmful chemicals and safeguard the information coded in their RNA sequence.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_granule