A haplotype is a group of genes within an organism that was inherited together from a single parent
Orthology may refer to: Orthology (biology) - Homologous sequences originate from the same ancestors (homolog e.g all globin protein), which are separated from each other after a speciation event, e.g. human beta and chimp beta globin.
paralogue (plural paralogues) (genetics) A pair of genes that derives from the same ancestral gene and now reside at different locations within the same genome.
paralogue (plural paralogues) (genetics) A pair of genes that derives from the same ancestral gene and now reside at different locations within the same genome.
In genetics, a selective sweep is the process through which a new beneficial mutation that increases its frequency and becomes fixed (i.e., reaches a frequency of 1) in the population leads to the reduction or elimination of genetic variation among nucleotide sequences that are near the mutation. In selective sweep, positive selection causes the new mutation to reach fixation so quickly that linked alleles can "hitchhike" and also become fixed.
synteny describes the physical co-localization of genetic loci on the same chromosome within an individual or species.
dN/dS is the ratio of the number of nonsynonymous substitutions per non-synonymous site (pN) to the number of synonymous substitutions per synonymous site (pS), which can be used as an indicator of selective pressure acting on a protein coding gene.
dN/dS measured across the whole protein sequence between two divergent species in theory tells you something about selection. If this ratio = 1, then the whole coding sequence evolves neutrally, when 0 < dN/dS < 1, it's under constraint, and when > 1 under positive selection.
Overdominance is a condition in genetics where the phenotype of the heterozygote lies outside the phenotypical range of both homozygous parents. Overdominance can also be described as heterozygote advantage, wherein heterozygous individuals have a higher fitness than homozygous individuals.
In genetics, underdominance (referred to in some texts as "negative overdominance") is the opposite of overdominance. It is the selection against the heterozygote, causing disruptive selection and divergent genotypes. Underdominance exists in situations where the heterozygotic genotype is inferior in fitness to either the dominant or recessive homozygotic genotype.
In genetics, underdominance (referred to in some texts as "negative overdominance") is the opposite of overdominance. It is the selection against the heterozygote, causing disruptive selection and divergent genotypes. Underdominance exists in situations where the heterozygotic genotype is inferior in fitness to either the dominant or recessive homozygotic genotype.
Kin selection is the evolutionary strategy that favours the reproductive success of an organism's relatives, even at a cost to the organism's own survival and reproduction. Kin altruism can look like altruistic behaviour whose evolution is driven by kin selection.
A structural gene is a gene that codes for any RNA or protein product other than a regulatory factor (i.e. regulatory protein).