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✍️ One word substitution ✍️

1. Living together of a man and woman without being married to each other - CONCUBINAGE

2. Too much official formality - RED-TAPISM

3. Dry weather with no rainfall - DROUGHT

4. A sly look that is lustful - LEAR

5. A jocular person who is full of amusing anecdotes - WAG

✍️ Idioms ✍️

1. It ain't over till the fat lady sings - this isn't over yet

2. It takes one to know one - you're just as bad as I am

3. It's a piece of cake - it's easy

4. It's raining cats and dogs - it's raining hard

5. Kill two birds with one stone - get two things done with a single action.


✍️ Vocabs ✍️

1. Prohibit - to command against, to outlaw

2. Prompt - punctual, on time

3. Promulgate - to put into law or formally declare

4. Prosecute - to bring criminal action against someone

5. Provocative - intending to provoke, inspire, or arouse


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✍️ One word substitution ✍️

1. The study of religion and religious ideas and beliefs - THEOLOGY

2. Dissection of a dead to find the cause of death - AUTOPSY

3. The act of killing a whole group of people, especially a whole race - GENOCIDE

4. A govt. in which all religions are honoured - SECULAR

5. A place where govt. /public records are kept - ARCHIVE

✍️ Idioms ✍️

1. Every cloud has a silver lining - good things come after bad things

2. Give someone the cold shoulder - ignore someone

3. He's a chip off the old block - the son is like the father

4. Hit the nail on the head - get something exactly right

5. Ignorance is bliss - you're better off not knowing


✍️ Vocabs ✍️

1. Pragmatic - practical, useful

2. Precedent - an example or subject from earlier in time

3. Predecessor - someone who comes before you (usually in position or office).

4. Prescribe - to command orders

5. Principle - basic truth, assumption, or rule.


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1. Sohan Singh Josh was elected as the☝️ President of All India Workers and Peasants Party in Calcutta in 1928.

2. In the last one decade, the sector which has attracted the highest foreign direct investment inflows into India - 💁‍♀️Telecommunications.

3. After Eight Century, 🧐the practice of donating land in South India go a long way.

4. A sector between the two longitude lines is known by name - 💁‍♂️Gore.

5. The lines joining the place of equal intensity of Seismic waves are known as ☝️Isoseisimic line.

6. 2023 has been set as goal for completing the Mumbai Ahmedabad bullet train project operated with the🙋‍♀️ help of Japan.

7. The place where 👉Asia's first Export Processing Zone (EPZ) 👈was set up in - Kandla.

8. The year in which Swami Vivekananda established Ram krishna Mission at Belur - 1897.

9. The🤨 Telegraph line be laid first in India (Calcutta to Diamond Harbour).

10. The language has been used by Surdas in his Writings -
🙃Brajbhasha.


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Timeline🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥

1757 – Battle of Plassey: The British defeat Siraj-ud-daulah

1760 – Battle of Wandiwash: The British defeat the French

1761 – Third battle of Panipat

1764 – Battle of Buxar: The British defeat Mir Kasim

1765 – The British get Diwani Rights in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa

1767 -1769 – First Mysore War

1772 – Warren Hastings appointed as Governor of Bengal

1773 – The Regulating Act passed by the British Parliament

1775 -1782 – The First Anglo-Maratha war

1780-1784 – Second Mysore War : The British defeat Hyder Ali

1784 – Pitt’s India Act

1790-1792 – Third Mysore War between the British and Tipu

1793 – Permanent Settlement of Bengal

1799 – Fourth Mysore War: The British defeat Tipu

1802- Treaty of Bassein

1803-1805 – The Second Anglo-Maratha war

1814-1816 – The Anglo-Gurkha war

1817-1818 – The Pindari war

1824-1826 – The First Burmese war

1829 – Prohibition of Sati

1831 – Mysore administration taken over by East India Company

1833 – Renewal of Company’s Charter

1833 – Abolition of Slavery throughout the British Empire

1838 – Tripartite treaty between Shah Shuja, Ranjit Singh and the British

1839-1842 – First Afghan war

1843 – Gwalior war

1845-1846 – First Anglo-Sikh war

1848 – Lord Dalhousie becomes the Governor-General

1848-1849 – Second Anglo-Sikh war

1852 – Second Anglo-Burmese war

1853 – Railway & Telegraph line introduced

1857 – First War of Indian Independence: The Sepoy Mutiny

1857 – Zanshichi Rani Laxmibai – Freedom struggle in 1857

1858 – British Crown takes over the Indian Government

1877 – The Queen of England proclaimed Empress of India

1878 – Vernacular Press Act

1881 – Factory Act

1885 – First meeting of the Indian National Congress

1897 – Plague in Bombay; Famine Commission

1899 – Lord Curzon becomes Governor-General and Viceroy

1905 – The First Partition of Bengal

1906 – Formation of Muslim League

1911 – Partition of Bengal modified to create the Presidency of Bengal

1912 – The Imperial capital shifted from Calcutta to Delhi

1913 – Educational Resolution of the Government of India

1915 – Defence of India Act

1916 – Home Rule League, Foundation of Women’s University at Poona

1919 – Rowlatt Act evokes protests; Jalianwalla Bagh massacre;

1920 – The Khilafat Movement started, Non-co-operation Movement

1921 – Moplah (Muslim) rebellion in Malabar; Census of India

1922 – Civil Disobedience Movement, Chauri-Chaura violence

1925 – Reforms Enquiry committee Report

1927 – Indian Navy Act; Simon Commission Appointed

1928 – Simon Commission comes to India: Boycott by all parties

1929 – Lord Irwin promises Dominion Status for India; Trade Union split

1930 – Salt Satyagraha, First Round Table Conference

1931 – Second Round Table Conference; Irwin-Gandhi Pact

1932 – Third Round Table Conference, Poona Pact

1934 – Civil Disobedience Movement called off; Bihar Earthquake

1937 – Inauguration of Provincial Autonomy

1939 – Political deadlock in India as Congress ministries resign

1942 – Cripps Mission, Quit India Movement, Indian National Army

1944 – Gandhi-Jinnah Talks break down on Pakistan issue

1946 – Interim Government formed, Constituent Assembly’s first meeting'

3 June 1947 – Lord Mountbatten’s plan for partition of India

15 Aug 1947 – Partition of India and Independence

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1. In 1673, 🧐The French acquired the area of Pondicherry from the☝️ qiladar of Valikondapuram under the Sultan of Bijapur.

2. The hills, namely Black, Blue and Green Hill are located in country - 💁‍♂️USA.

3. Who appoints Advocate General of State in India -
👉Governor of State👈.

4. The Governor General of India used to write poetry with the name of "Owen Meredith" -
💁‍♀️Lord Lytton.

5. Who operated the first regular trade Union in India -
🤨B. P Wadia.

6. In year 1856 A.D. Sea travel has been made mandatory for 👉 Indian Soldiers.

7. The first G 20 leaders Summit🙋‍♂️ was held in Washington D.C in Nov 2008.

8. The famous poem🙃 'Sarfaroshi Ki Tamanna' was written by 👉Bismil Azimabadi.

9. Deficit Financing means the govt. borrows money from the 💁‍♀️RBI.

10. Gopal Krishna Gokhale is considered as a 👉political guru of Mahatma Gandhi where as Shrimad Ram chandra was his Spiritual Guru👈.


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1. In 1673, 🧐The French acquired the area of Pondicherry from the☝️ qiladar of Valikondapuram under the Sultan of Bijapur.

2. The hills, namely Black, Blue and Green Hill are located in country - 💁‍♂️USA.

3. Who appoints Advocate General of State in India -
👉Governor of State👈.

4. The Governor General of India used to write poetry with the name of "Owen Meredith" -
💁‍♀️Lord Lytton.

5. Who operated the first regular trade Union in India -
🤨B. P Wadia.

6. In year 1856 A.D. Sea travel has been made mandatory for 👉 Indian Soldiers.

7. The first G 20 leaders Summit🙋‍♂️ was held in Washington D.C in Nov 2008.

8. The famous poem🙃 'Sarfaroshi Ki Tamanna' was written by 👉Bismil Azimabadi.

9. Deficit Financing means the govt. borrows money from the 💁‍♀️RBI.

10. Gopal Krishna Gokhale is considered as a 👉political guru of Mahatma Gandhi where as Shrimad Ram chandra was his Spiritual Guru👈.


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📍Headquarters of International Organizations in Recent News📍


🎈 Barclays – London, United Kingdom

🎈 Goldman Sachs – New York, United States

🎈 World Health Organization (WHO)- Geneva, Switzerland

🎈 S&P Global Ratings – New York, United States

🎈 Fitch Solution – London, United Kingdom

🎈 International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)– Geneva, Switzerland

🎈 European Union (EU) – Brussels, Belgium

🎈 Mastercard – New York, United States

🎈 SpaceX – California, United States

🎈 Moody’s Investors Service (Moody’s) – New York, United States

🎈 Nomura – Tokyo, Japan

🎈 National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) – Washington, D.C., United States

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Cyclones🔥

* Cyclones are rapid inward air circulation around a low-pressure area. The air circulates in an anticlockwise direction in the Northern hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern hemisphere.

* Cyclones are usually accompanied by violent storms and bad weather.

* Cyclones represent circular fluid motion rotating in the same direction as the Earth. 

* The word Cyclone is derived from the Greek word Cyclos meaning the coils of a snake. It was coined by Henry Peddington because the tropical storms in the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea appear like coiled serpents of the sea.

# Classification👇

* There are two types of cyclones:

Tropical cyclones; and

Extra Tropical cyclones (also called Temperate cyclones or middle latitude cyclones or Frontal cyclones or Wave Cyclones).

* The World Meteorological Organisation uses the term 'Tropical Cyclone’ to cover weather systems in which winds exceed ‘Gale Force’ (minimum of 63 km per hour).

# Tropical Cyclones👇

Tropical cyclones are violent storms that originate over oceans in tropical areas and move over to the coastal areas bringing about large scale destruction caused by violent winds, very heavy rainfall and storm surges.

Tropical Cyclones are one of the most devastating natural calamities in the world.

Tropical cyclones originate and intensify over warm tropical oceans.

# The conditions favourable for the formation and intensification of tropical storms are:

* Large sea surface with temperature higher than 27° C.

* Presence of the Coriolis force.

* Small variations in the vertical wind speed.

* A pre-existing weak low- pressure area or low-level-cyclonic circulation.

* Upper divergence above the sea level system.


# Extratropical cyclones are referred to as mid-latitude depressions, temperate cyclones, frontal depressions and wave cyclones.

These are active above the mid-latitudinal region between 35° and 65° latitude in both the hemispheres. The direction of movement is from west to east and more pronounced in the winter seasons. It is in these latitude zones the polar and tropical air masses meet and form fronts.

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▪️ #IDIOMS_And_PHRASES

(1) Fancy price- At any cost/ At demand price
(2) Feather in the cap- Additional success
(3) Feather one's nest- To enrich oneself by taking advantage of one's position
(4) Fighty shy of- To attempt to avoid a thing or person
(5) Fish in troubled waters- To take advantage of the problems of others
(6) Fish out of water- Out of one's usual and comfortable place
(7) Fly in the ointment- A slight unpleasant thing that obstruct the enjoyment of something
(8) Fool's paradise- A state of being happy for foolish or unfounded reasons
(9) Forty winks- A nap
(10) French leave- A leave without information or permission
(11) Fringe benifits- An additional benifit apart from salary
(12) From hand to mouth- Providing only bare essentials
(13) Gala day- Celebration day
(14) Get away with- To escape
(15) Get down to- To attend to work seriously

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New Development Bank

* It is a multilateral development bank operated by the BRICS states(Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa).

* It was established in 2014, at the 6th BRICS Summit at Fortaleza, Brazil.

* The bank is set up to foster greater financial and development cooperation among the five emerging markets.

* The bank’s primary focus of lending will be infrastructure projects.

* The bank headquarters located in Shanghai, China.

* Unlike the World Bank, which assigns votes based on capital share, in the New Development Bank each participant country will be assigned one vote, and none of the countries will have veto power.

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♻️Environment Related Act♻️
=========================

🔅 Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981

🔅 Biological Diversity Act, 2002

🔅 Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

🔅 National Environment Appellate Authority act -1997

🔅 Forest Conservation Act, 1980

🔅 Indian Forest Act, 1927

🔅 The National Environment Tribunal Act, 1995

🔅 National Green Tribunal Act, 2010

🔅 Noise Pollution rule, 2000

🔅 Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Act of 2001

🔅 Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991

🔅 Wildlife Protection Act of 1972

🔅 Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974

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