The monsoon season in the national capital lasted only 83 days (onset on July 2), making it the shortest span since 2012 (80 days).
#GEOGRAPHY
#GEOGRAPHY
❤1
UN Charter’s “Enemy State” Clauses
1. News: Japan has sought removal of the outdated “enemy State” references from the UN Charter.
2. The expression relates to states that were enemies of the Charter’s original signatories during World War II; historically this covered the defeated Axis powers, including Japan and Germany.
3. Articles containing “enemy State” references:
• Article 53 —> Regional arrangements; contains exception relating to enforcement measures against an “enemy State”.
• Article 77 —> International Trusteeship System; refers to territories detached from enemy States after WWII.
• Article 107 —> Transitional security arrangements concerning actions arising from WWII against former enemy States.
4. 2005 World Summit Outcome (A/RES/60/1): UN members resolved to delete “enemy States” references from Articles 53, 77 and 107, but the Charter text has not yet been formally amended.
#UN
#CA2026
1. News: Japan has sought removal of the outdated “enemy State” references from the UN Charter.
2. The expression relates to states that were enemies of the Charter’s original signatories during World War II; historically this covered the defeated Axis powers, including Japan and Germany.
3. Articles containing “enemy State” references:
• Article 53 —> Regional arrangements; contains exception relating to enforcement measures against an “enemy State”.
• Article 77 —> International Trusteeship System; refers to territories detached from enemy States after WWII.
• Article 107 —> Transitional security arrangements concerning actions arising from WWII against former enemy States.
4. 2005 World Summit Outcome (A/RES/60/1): UN members resolved to delete “enemy States” references from Articles 53, 77 and 107, but the Charter text has not yet been formally amended.
#UN
#CA2026
❤1
The Hormuz disruption shows that geopolitical crises can generate ecological and biosecurity externalities beyond trade and energy security.
—>Hormuz shipping disruption has left vessels stranded for long periods, increasing biofouling on ship hulls.
—>These ships can carry invasive marine species, parasites and pathogens to distant ports when voyages resume.
—>Risk is significant for Indian Ocean ports such as Mumbai, Colombo and Singapore.
Way forward: pre-departure inspection/cleaning, port surveillance and compliance with IMO Biofouling Guidelines.
Biofouling: accumulation of marine organisms such as algae, barnacles and mussels on submerged ship surfaces.
#GS1mains
—>Hormuz shipping disruption has left vessels stranded for long periods, increasing biofouling on ship hulls.
—>These ships can carry invasive marine species, parasites and pathogens to distant ports when voyages resume.
—>Risk is significant for Indian Ocean ports such as Mumbai, Colombo and Singapore.
Way forward: pre-departure inspection/cleaning, port surveillance and compliance with IMO Biofouling Guidelines.
Biofouling: accumulation of marine organisms such as algae, barnacles and mussels on submerged ship surfaces.
#GS1mains
❤2
• Bihar Cabinet approved two new universities under Bihar Specific University Act, 2026 - Maa Sita Women’s University, Patna and Ramdhari Singh Dinkar University, Begusarai
• Kosi Milk Producers’ Cooperative Union - ₹126.07 crore approved for dairy infrastructure in Supaul, Madhepura and Saharsa.
• CM’s Gau Dhan Vikas Loan Scheme - 100% interest subsidy on bank loans for livestock; government guarantor, beneficiary repays principal only; at least 50% beneficiaries women.
#BIHARspecial
• Kosi Milk Producers’ Cooperative Union - ₹126.07 crore approved for dairy infrastructure in Supaul, Madhepura and Saharsa.
• CM’s Gau Dhan Vikas Loan Scheme - 100% interest subsidy on bank loans for livestock; government guarantor, beneficiary repays principal only; at least 50% beneficiaries women.
#BIHARspecial
❤4
• Bihar Examination Reforms Expert Committee—> 5-member panel headed by Justice Harish Kumar, Patna High Court, to recommend reforms in the state examination system.
Interlink: https://t.me/bpscweb/45987
#BIHARspecial
Interlink: https://t.me/bpscweb/45987
#BIHARspecial
👏4
ECI & 2023 Appointment Law
News: SC gave a split verdict on whether challenges to the CEC & Other ECs Act, 2023 should go to a Constitution Bench; matter referred to the CJI. A Constitution Bench has minimum 5 judges under Article 145(3).
1. Constitutional position
• Article 324- superintendence, direction & control of elections vested in ECI; covers Parliament, State Legislatures, President & Vice-President.
• Art. 324(2)- CEC/ECs appointed by President, subject to any law made by Parliament.
• ECI is a constitutional body, not a statutory body.
2. Anoop Baranwal Case, 2023
• SC temporarily prescribed appointment through PM + LoP in Lok Sabha + CJI.
• This arrangement was to continue only until Parliament enacted a law.
• SC also urged consideration of an independent ECI Secretariat and charging its expenditure to the Consolidated Fund of India.
3. CEC & EC Act, 2023
• Appointing authority: President.
• Selection Committee: PM + LoP in Lok Sabha + Union Cabinet Minister nominated by PM.
• Thus, the CJI is not part of the statutory selection committee.
• Search Committee: headed by the Union Law Minister, prepares the shortlist.
• Tenure: 6 years or 65 years, whichever earlier; no reappointment.
4. Removal
• CEC: removable in the same manner and on the same grounds as a Supreme Court judge.
• Other ECs: removable by President only on recommendation of CEC.
• Hence, CEC and ECs do not enjoy identical removal protection.
Interlink: https://t.me/bpscweb/46143
#CA2026
#POLITY
#GS2mains
News: SC gave a split verdict on whether challenges to the CEC & Other ECs Act, 2023 should go to a Constitution Bench; matter referred to the CJI. A Constitution Bench has minimum 5 judges under Article 145(3).
1. Constitutional position
• Article 324- superintendence, direction & control of elections vested in ECI; covers Parliament, State Legislatures, President & Vice-President.
• Art. 324(2)- CEC/ECs appointed by President, subject to any law made by Parliament.
• ECI is a constitutional body, not a statutory body.
2. Anoop Baranwal Case, 2023
• SC temporarily prescribed appointment through PM + LoP in Lok Sabha + CJI.
• This arrangement was to continue only until Parliament enacted a law.
• SC also urged consideration of an independent ECI Secretariat and charging its expenditure to the Consolidated Fund of India.
3. CEC & EC Act, 2023
• Appointing authority: President.
• Selection Committee: PM + LoP in Lok Sabha + Union Cabinet Minister nominated by PM.
• Thus, the CJI is not part of the statutory selection committee.
• Search Committee: headed by the Union Law Minister, prepares the shortlist.
• Tenure: 6 years or 65 years, whichever earlier; no reappointment.
4. Removal
• CEC: removable in the same manner and on the same grounds as a Supreme Court judge.
• Other ECs: removable by President only on recommendation of CEC.
• Hence, CEC and ECs do not enjoy identical removal protection.
Interlink: https://t.me/bpscweb/46143
#CA2026
#POLITY
#GS2mains
❤3👍2
Media is too big
VIEW IN TELEGRAM
Champa: Bihar —> Vietnam
1. Champa (Bhagalpur) —> capital of Anga, one of the 16 Mahajanapadas; Mahabharata associates Anga with Karna.
3. Located at meeting of Champa River & Ganga became a major river port.
4. Merchants moved east to Tamralipti (Bengal) and beyond; Jataka tales mention Champa merchants.
5. Maritime traders sailed to Southeast Asia —> tradition links them with another Champa in Vietnam.
6. 192 CE onward —> Champa emerged in central Vietnam; became a major political-cultural power.
7. Indian imprint —> Sanskrit, Brahmi-script inscriptions and Hinduism.
8. Major centres —> Indrapura, Amaravati, Vijaya, Panduranga.
9. Waters adjoining Champa were historically called “Champa Sea” —> today part of the South China Sea.
10. Vietnamese Champa later declined, though a Cham Hindu community survives; ancient Bihar’s Champa now lies around old Bhagalpur- a reminder of early India–Southeast Asia links.
#BIHARspecial
1. Champa (Bhagalpur) —> capital of Anga, one of the 16 Mahajanapadas; Mahabharata associates Anga with Karna.
3. Located at meeting of Champa River & Ganga became a major river port.
4. Merchants moved east to Tamralipti (Bengal) and beyond; Jataka tales mention Champa merchants.
5. Maritime traders sailed to Southeast Asia —> tradition links them with another Champa in Vietnam.
6. 192 CE onward —> Champa emerged in central Vietnam; became a major political-cultural power.
7. Indian imprint —> Sanskrit, Brahmi-script inscriptions and Hinduism.
8. Major centres —> Indrapura, Amaravati, Vijaya, Panduranga.
9. Waters adjoining Champa were historically called “Champa Sea” —> today part of the South China Sea.
10. Vietnamese Champa later declined, though a Cham Hindu community survives; ancient Bihar’s Champa now lies around old Bhagalpur- a reminder of early India–Southeast Asia links.
#BIHARspecial
❤4🔥4
Anti Defection Act
--> The Supreme Court upheld the disqualification of Telangana MLA Danam Nagender under the 10th Schedule of the Constitution.
--> The Case: Nagender was elected on a BRS ticket in 2023 but subsequently contested the 2024 Lok Sabha elections on an INC ticket. After losing the parliamentary election, he attempted to return to his original party.
#CA2026
#POLITY
--> The Supreme Court upheld the disqualification of Telangana MLA Danam Nagender under the 10th Schedule of the Constitution.
--> The Case: Nagender was elected on a BRS ticket in 2023 but subsequently contested the 2024 Lok Sabha elections on an INC ticket. After losing the parliamentary election, he attempted to return to his original party.
#CA2026
#POLITY
👍1
The Italian Cabinet under Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni adopted a decree law restricting face veils and capping non-proficient students in public schools:
1. Veil Prohibition: Complete ban on the burqa and niqab in educational institutions, justified under public security, civic integration, and gender rights.
2. Classroom Quotas: A 30% ceiling on the proportion of students per class who lack adequate command of the Italian language.
#CA2026
1. Veil Prohibition: Complete ban on the burqa and niqab in educational institutions, justified under public security, civic integration, and gender rights.
2. Classroom Quotas: A 30% ceiling on the proportion of students per class who lack adequate command of the Italian language.
#CA2026
❤1
Merchant Discount Rate (MDR) is the fee paid by a merchant to receiving banks, payment gateways, and network aggregators for processing digital payments
#CA2026
#CA2026
#PYQ
What is MDR : Merchant Discount Rate (MDR) is a fee paid by businesses to payment processors for accepting digital payments via credit cards, debit cards, UPI, and more.
What is MDR : Merchant Discount Rate (MDR) is a fee paid by businesses to payment processors for accepting digital payments via credit cards, debit cards, UPI, and more.
❤2
What is Form 7
Core Issue : Form 7 controversy highlights concerns over electoral roll integrity during the Special Intensive Revision.
--> Form 7 is a statutory mechanism used to object to the inclusion of a person’s name in the electoral roll.
--> Under the Registration of Electors Rules, 1960, objections can be raised on specific grounds such as death, duplication of entries, shifting of residence, ineligibility due to age, or lack of citizenship.
--> Earlier, objections could be raised only by voters from the same polling booth.
--> However, a 2022 amendment expanded the scope, allowing any voter within a constituency to file objections.
#CA2026
Core Issue : Form 7 controversy highlights concerns over electoral roll integrity during the Special Intensive Revision.
--> Form 7 is a statutory mechanism used to object to the inclusion of a person’s name in the electoral roll.
--> Under the Registration of Electors Rules, 1960, objections can be raised on specific grounds such as death, duplication of entries, shifting of residence, ineligibility due to age, or lack of citizenship.
--> Earlier, objections could be raised only by voters from the same polling booth.
--> However, a 2022 amendment expanded the scope, allowing any voter within a constituency to file objections.
#CA2026
❤2
OpenAI autonomous AI agent breached Australia’s Medicare statistics portal in June while researching public medical spending, marking the first documented case of an AI agent hacking a government system.
#GS2mains
#GS2mains
❤2
--> Emergence of AI & Deep-Tech Wealth: The 2026 M3M Hurun India Rich List marked Artificial Intelligence as a standalone sector for the first time. 19 individuals related to AI accounted for a combined wealth of ₹3.07 lakh crore, including 15 new entrants.
#GS2mains
#GS2mains
❤3