Ramphal Mandal (1924–1943), born at Madhurapur village, Bajpatti (Sitamarhi), was a Bihar revolutionary associated with the Quit India Movement (1942); he was hanged at Bhagalpur Central Jail on 23 August 1943, aged 19.

In September 2026, the Bihar Cabinet decided to observe his martyrdom day annually on 23 August as a state function in Sitamarhi district.

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Sher Shah Suri’s Tomb and Hasan Shah Suri’s Tomb are protected monuments at Sasaram, Rohtas (Bihar), under the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI).

Sher Shah Suri’s Tomb, built in Indo-Islamic/Afghan architectural style, stands on an artificial island in a lake and was designed by Mir Muhammad Aliwal Khan.

Construction around centrally protected monuments is regulated under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains (AMASR) Act, 1958- generally 100 m prohibited area + next 200 m regulated area.

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Bihar’s second zoo after Patna is proposed at Kandi, Gaya on about 110 acres

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Dark Matter & LZ Experiment
-Dark Matter: Invisible matter that does not emit or reflect light; inferred mainly through its gravitational effects on visible matter.
-Fritz Zwicky (1933): First proposed the concept of “missing mass” while studying the motion of galaxies in a galaxy cluster.
-Evidence: Galaxy rotation, gravitational lensing and formation/distribution of large-scale cosmic structures support the existence of dark matter.
-Cosmic composition: Ordinary (baryonic) matter constitutes only about 5% of the universe; dark matter about 27%.
-WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles): One of the major hypothetical candidates for dark matter; not yet conclusively detected.
-LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ): Dark-matter experiment located at the Sanford Underground Research Facility, South Dakota, USA.
-Recent finding: LZ researchers reported a single WIMP-like event, but it does not constitute confirmed detection of dark matter.

#CA2026

Nuclear Energy Expansion: Key Challenges and Way Forward
Context: India aims to expand nuclear power capacity from around 8 GW to 100 GW by 2047, requiring nearly ₹20–22 lakh crore investment.

Key Challenges
-Fuel Security: Limited domestic uranium and enrichment capacity creates dependence on imported uranium/LEU, exposing the sector to geopolitical and supply-chain risks.
-High Capital Cost: Nuclear plants cost around ₹15–20 crore/MW, substantially higher than conventional power projects.
-Long Gestation: Projects may take 8–10 years before revenue generation, increasing interest during construction and overall project cost.
-Financing Gap: Financing may constitute 30–50% of levelised nuclear electricity cost; conventional bank finance is unsuitable for such long-duration projects.
-Risk & Liability: Safety, radioactive-waste management, construction delays and liability allocation can discourage private and foreign investment.
-Technology Dependence: Scaling capacity requires reliable reactor technology, equipment supply chains and domestic manufacturing capabilities.

Way Forward
-Secure the nuclear fuel cycle: Long-term fuel contracts, diversified suppliers and development of domestic enrichment/fuel-cycle capabilities.
-Mobilise patient capital: Pension/provident funds, insurance funds and institutional investors suited to long-duration infrastructure.
-Innovative finance: Sovereign/partial credit guarantees, infrastructure bonds, InvIT-type structures, low-cost long-tenor loans and post-commissioning refinancing.
-Better risk allocation: Government should absorb policy/regulatory risks while developers bear controllable construction and operational risks.
-Domestic ecosystem: Strengthen indigenous reactor technology, component manufacturing, skilled manpower and nuclear waste-management infrastructure.
-Regulatory certainty: Predictable approvals and an enabling liability framework can crowd-in private investment without compromising nuclear safety.

Conclusion: Achieving 100 GW nuclear capacity requires moving beyond a reactor-centric approach towards an integrated ecosystem of fuel security, patient finance, indigenous technology, credible regulation and effective risk-sharing.

#GS2mains
#GS1mains

Bihar plans phase-wise plantation of toddy palm (Palmyra) trees across districts as a natural lightning-protection measure; palms are good electrical conductors that can channel lightning electricity to the ground, reducing deaths, especially in rural areas.

Interlink: https://t.me/bpscweb/30846

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Bihar launched the ‘Jaanch evam Upchaar – Chikitsa Aapke Dwar Abhiyan’ (2 Sept–30 Nov 2026), a statewide doorstep health-screening drive covering all citizens above 30 years, targeting about 6 crore people across all 38 districts and creating digital health records.

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-Municipal Grants: Bihar Cabinet approved Rs. 9,169 crore as basic and performance grants to all municipal bodies for 2026–27 to 2030–31, as recommended by the 16th Finance Commission; distribution in 90:10 ratio - population : own-source revenue.

-Mukhyamantri Samagra Shahri Vikas Yojana: Tenure extended by 5 years up to 2030–31; covers roads, drainage, parking, footpaths, street lighting, lakes, parks, ghats and water bodies; Rs. 5,500 crore outlay, implemented by BUDCO.

-Urban Grants – Performance Link: 10% of funds will be linked to performance of urban local bodies, while 90% will continue to be population-based.

-Saat Nischay-3: Bihar approved formation of the Bihar State Goat Rearers Cooperative Federation under Saat Nischay-3, with an estimated outlay of Rs. 14.80 crore over 3 years.

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National School of Drama (NSD) campus will be established in Patna or adjoining areas, Bihar, with support from the Union Ministry of Culture; NSD is India’s premier theatre-training institution.

National School of Drama’s main campus is in New Delhi, while its four existing regional centres are in Bengaluru, Varanasi, Agartala and Gangtok.

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An Immigration Check Post will be established at Jaynagar (Madhubani) on the Jaynagar–Inarwa India–Nepal cross-border railway route.

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A planetarium and an Atal Kala Bhawan will be established in Motihari.

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