India- Belgium

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#VISIT

Bihar constituted a 5-member expert committee headed by Justice Harish Kumar, sitting judge of Patna High Court, to reform the state examination system and curb paper leaks, dummy candidates and mass cheating.

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-Dadabhai Naoroji (1825–1917), popularly known as the “Grand Old Man of India,” was an early economic critic of British rule.
-He propounded the Drain of Wealth Theory, explaining the unilateral transfer of India’s wealth to Britain; his famous work was Poverty and Un-British Rule in India (1901).
-He became the first Indian/Asian elected to the British House of Commons, representing Finsbury Central (1892–1895) as a Liberal Party MP.
-He served as INC President three times - 1886 (Calcutta), 1893 (Lahore) & 1906 (Calcutta); the 1906 session formally proclaimed “Swaraj” as the goal of the national movement.
-He founded the East India Association in London (1866) to present Indian issues before the British public and Parliament.

Current Affairs Link (2026): His 1946 portrait, painted by Sorab M. F. Pithawalla, was restored by specialists at The Courtauld Institute of Art and is being exhibited at London’s National Portrait Gallery in the exhibition “Empire and Resistance.”

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#HISTORY
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Social Justice & Inclusive Development
-Education: 700 model schools + proposed National School of Drama campus → wider access to quality education and opportunities.
-Justice at Doorstep: Sahyog Shivir —> 7 lakh+ applications; 96% grievances resolved; time-bound disposal with accountability of officials.
-Women Empowerment: Up to Rs. 2 lakh assistance to women entrepreneurs —> financial inclusion and self-employment.
-Livelihood Security: Irrigation coverage increased from 21 lakh ha (2005) to nearly 44 lakh ha (2026); promotion of fisheries —> rural income and employment.
-Regional Equity: New airports at Valmikinagar, Muzaffarpur and Raxaul, medical college in East Champaran —> reducing regional disparities in access to services.

Value Addition: Social justice = access to education + responsive governance + economic empowerment + livelihood security + balanced regional development.

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Rubber Plantation
-Rubber Board: Statutory body under Ministry of Commerce & Industry; Rubber Research Institute of India (RRII) is at Kottayam, Kerala.
-Rubber cultivation: Kerala is India’s traditional rubber capital; Tripura is a major producer in the Northeast.
-Jharkhand: Rubber Board conducting clonal trials at Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi for commercially suitable varieties.
-Expansion potential: Jharkhand, Bihar, Odisha and Chhattisgarh identified as potential states for rubber cultivation.
-Natural rubber: India faces about 35% demand–supply deficit, necessitating imports; expansion and higher-yielding clones are key measures.
-Crop fact: Rubber has a long gestation period (~7 years) and is promoted particularly on suitable barren/marginal lands.

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A GSLV-F17 rocket successfully placed the heaviest Earth observation satellite EOS-05 in the geosynchronous orbit, marking a great achievement in the country's space programme.

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#ISRO

Virtues of Darkness
Krishna’s dark complexion reflects India’s cultural celebration of darkness, challenging modern colourism and narrow beauty standards.

Darkness is not merely the absence of light; it is a space for beauty, balance, discovery and self-reflection.

#ESSAY