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Ecological Equity: Need for Differentiated Federalism
Context: Forest-rich Himalayan, Northeastern and Western Ghats States conserve forests and watersheds for the entire country, but simultaneously bear higher conservation costs, disaster risks and restrictions on industrial development.
Problem: Uniform environmental rules impose unequal burdens--> forest-rich States sacrifice land, industries, jobs and revenue while ecological benefits such as carbon sinks, biodiversity and water security accrue nationally.
Constitutional case: Article 14 allows different treatment for unequal situations, while Article 38(2) mandates reduction of regional inequalities; Article 21 further links environmental justice with the right to life.
Governance gap: Existing mechanisms such as CAMPA and forest-rights framework recognise conservation responsibilities but inadequately compensate States/communities for maintaining ecosystem services.
Way Forward: Develop “ecological federalism” through need-based fiscal transfers, differentiated regulations, region-specific forest policies and Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES).
Mains takeaway: Ecological equality means not identical treatment, but equitable sharing of the costs and benefits of conservation.
#ESSAY
Context: Forest-rich Himalayan, Northeastern and Western Ghats States conserve forests and watersheds for the entire country, but simultaneously bear higher conservation costs, disaster risks and restrictions on industrial development.
Problem: Uniform environmental rules impose unequal burdens--> forest-rich States sacrifice land, industries, jobs and revenue while ecological benefits such as carbon sinks, biodiversity and water security accrue nationally.
Constitutional case: Article 14 allows different treatment for unequal situations, while Article 38(2) mandates reduction of regional inequalities; Article 21 further links environmental justice with the right to life.
Governance gap: Existing mechanisms such as CAMPA and forest-rights framework recognise conservation responsibilities but inadequately compensate States/communities for maintaining ecosystem services.
Way Forward: Develop “ecological federalism” through need-based fiscal transfers, differentiated regulations, region-specific forest policies and Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES).
Mains takeaway: Ecological equality means not identical treatment, but equitable sharing of the costs and benefits of conservation.
#ESSAY
The Pradhan Mantri Formalisation of Micro Food Processing Enterprises (PMFME) Scheme is a central Indian program launched on June 29, 2020. It provides a 35% credit-linked capital subsidy (up to ₹10 lakh) for individual micro-units, seed capital for Self-Help Groups, and grants up to ₹3 crore for shared infrastructure.
#CA2026
#SCHEME
#CA2026
#SCHEME
Vaishya Tekri (Ujjain, MP): A Mauryan-era (3rd century BCE) stupa, possibly linked to Emperor Ashoka, excavated in 1938–39; estimated ~100 ft high and 350 ft wide- larger than Sanchi Stupa (~54 ft high).
#HISTORY
#HISTORY