Possible Essay Themes
-Modernisation vs Westernisation
-Changing Family Values in India
-Respect for the Elderly: Measure of a Civilised Society
-Youth, Social Media & Declining Empathy
-Indian Culture in the Age of Globalisation

Essay Points
-English-speaking urban elite increasingly equates “modernity” with Western behaviour, often viewing traditional Indian values as outdated.
-Ageism is becoming socially acceptable-mocking old age has entered stand-up comedy, social media and even everyday language.
-Ridiculing elders has become a tool for social bonding and signalling upward mobility, reflecting a worrying cultural shift.
-Generational conflict is not new-Shakespeare’s King Lear remains one of the strongest literary examples of neglect and humiliation of parents.
-Indian literature also condemns disrespect towards elders-the Mahabharata and Premchand’s Betonwali Vidhwa portray the moral consequences of abandoning the elderly.
-Youth is temporary, but old age is universal; therefore, empathy must replace arrogance.
-A truly modern society combines scientific progress with compassion, dignity and respect, not merely Western lifestyles.
-Cruelty should never become a cultural ideal-Indian civilisation upholds Ahimsa and Anrishamsya (non-cruelty) as enduring ethical values.

Quote
“The true test of civilisation is not how a society celebrates its youth, but how it treats its elderly.”

#ESSAY

Letter No-14176.pdf

Only 8 Constitutional Amendments were enacted between 2014–2023 (99th–106th Amendments)

1. 99th CAA (2014): Established NJAC for judicial appointments (later struck down by the Supreme Court).

2. 100th CAA (2015): Implemented the India–Bangladesh Land Boundary Agreement.

3. 101st CAA (2016): Introduced the Goods and Services Tax (GST).

4. 102nd CAA (2018): Gave constitutional status to the NCBC.

5. 103rd CAA (2019): Introduced 10% EWS reservation in education and public employment.

6. 104th CAA (2019): Extended SC/ST reservation in Lok Sabha & State Assemblies till 25 January 2030; discontinued nomination of Anglo-Indians.

7. 105th CAA (2021): Restored States' power to identify SEBCs/OBCs (Articles 338B, 342A & 366).

8. 106th CAA (2023): Provides 33% reservation for women in the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies (Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam).

#POLITY

Apshad Garh is an important 6th century BCE archaeological site located in Nawada district, Bihar.

It is renowned for its rare and massive Varaha (Boar) avatar sculpture of Lord Vishnu.

Excavations have yielded Northern Black Polished Ware (NBPW), terracotta seals, ivory artefacts and Gupta–Post Gupta remains.

The site is associated with a Gupta-period Vishnu temple and inscriptions referring to Queen Manadevi, mother of King Adityasena.

#BIHARspecial

Operation Jal Rahat--> Assam flood relief work

#CA2026