Annapurna Yojana (West Bengal) —> A West Bengal government scheme that provides ₹3,000 per month through Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) to eligible women beneficiaries for financial security and empowerment.

#CA2026
#STATE

JP Ganga Path Oxygen Hub (Patna)
• Bihar Govt. is developing the JP Ganga Path riverfront as an “Oxygen Hub” by planting about 1 lakh trees along the Ganga bank to improve urban air quality and green cover.

• JP Ganga Path (Patna Marine Drive) runs along the southern bank of the Ganga River and is being transformed under the Samagra Udyan Project with botanical gardens, butterfly parks, promenades, walking and cycling tracks.

#BIHARspecial

Kirthai Stage-II Hydroelectric Project (930 MW) is being fast-tracked on the Chenab River in Kishtwar district, Jammu & Kashmir, after India suspended the Indus Waters Treaty following the April 2025 Pahalgam terror attack.

#CA2026
#GEOGRAPHY

• Manali (North Chennai, Tamil Nadu) recorded India’s highest ground-level ozone concentration (500 µg/m³).

• Buddha Colony, Muzaffarpur (Bihar) ranked 3rd nationally with a maximum ozone level of 306 µg/m³ (CPCB data).

Ground-level ozone (O₃) is a secondary pollutant formed when nitrogen oxides (NOx) react with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the presence of sunlight; unlike stratospheric ozone, it is harmful to human health and vegetation.

#BIHARspecial

INDIA–UK TIES:

1. Critical Minerals:
• GSCO (UK–India Critical Minerals Supply Chain Observatory) launched.
• Aim —> Secure and diversify critical-mineral supply chains. Supply-chain resilience amid geopolitical disruptions.

2. Maritime Security:
• Regional Maritime Security Centre for Excellence (RMSCE) to be established under the Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative (IPOI).
• MoU signed between King’s College London and National Maritime Foundation (India).
• RMSCE will help Indian Ocean countries address non-traditional maritime security threats.

3. Education:
• UK’s first overseas campus in India: University of Liverpool, Bengaluru (estbd. under NEP framework )

4. Bilateral Framework:
• India and UK reaffirmed their Comprehensive Strategic Partnership and commitment to India–UK Vision 2035.

#CA2026

Bihar’s Total Fertility Rate (TFR) declined from 3.0 (NFHS-5, 2019–21) to 2.7 (NFHS-6, 2023–24) - a fall of 0.3, among the largest declines in India.

Key Facts
• Bihar remains the highest-TFR major state in India at 2.7 children per woman (NFHS-6).
• Bihar’s TFR is now moving closer to the national average of 2.0.

Comparison
• Bihar: 3.0 —> 2.7 (decline of 0.3)
• Uttar Pradesh: 2.4 —> 2.2 (decline of 0.2)
• National TFR: 2.0 (unchanged from NFHS-5)

#BIHARspecial

Naval base in Lakshadweep ( minicoy island ) - INS JATAYU
Naval base in karavatti island - INS dweeprakshak
naval base in Andaman - INS BAAZ

Tyre port city= Lebanon , Tyre = UNESCO WHS known for Roman era ruins

Naquora : HQ of UNIFIL in Lebanon

India won the SAFF Women’s Championship 2026,

R Praggnanandhaa became the first Indian to win Norway Chess

Team India lifted the Men’s U18 Asia Cup 2026. A proud day for every Indian.

Alexander Zverev became the first German men’s singles champion at the French Open 2026, defeating Flavio Cobolli in a five-set final to win his maiden Grand Slam title.

#CA2026
#SPORTS

Colombo Security Conclave (CSC)
Current Context
• India is pushing for a permanent Secretariat of the Colombo Security Conclave (CSC) in Sri Lanka to strengthen maritime security cooperation in the Indian Ocean.

About CSC
• Established: 2011; Revitalised: 2020.
• Headquarters/Secretariat: Proposed permanent secretariat in Colombo, Sri Lanka.
• Members (6): India, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Mauritius, Bangladesh, Seychelles.
• Nature: Regional maritime and security cooperation grouping in the Indian Ocean.

Key Focus Areas
• Maritime Security.
• Counter-Terrorism and Radicalisation.
• Combating Transnational Organised Crime.
• Cyber Security.
• Protection of Critical Infrastructure.
• Humanitarian Assistance & Disaster Relief (HADR).

Why CSC is Important?
• India’s key platform for Indian Ocean security cooperation.
• Supports India’s role as a Net Security Provider in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR).
• Counters growing strategic competition in the Indo-Pacific.

Related Organisations
• IORA (Indian Ocean Rim Association) —> Economic cooperation body; does not have a security mandate.
• IONS (Indian Ocean Naval Symposium) —> Naval cooperation forum; founded by India in 2008.

IONS Facts
• 9th IONS Conclave: Visakhapatnam, February 2026.
• 33 member navies participated.
• Indian Navy assumed IONS Chairmanship (2025–27) after 16 years.
• India previously held inaugural chairmanship (2008–10).

MAHASAGAR
• Mutual and Holistic Advancement for Security and Growth Across Regions (MAHASAGAR).
• India’s vision for integrated maritime security, connectivity, and regional development in the Indian Ocean.

India’s Panchamrit (COP26, Glasgow 2021)

• Panchamrit = India’s 5 climate commitments announced by Narendra Modi at COP26.
1. 500 GW non-fossil fuel electricity capacity by 2030.
2. 50% of India’s energy requirements from renewable energy by 2030.
3. Reduce cumulative carbon emissions by 1 billion tonnes by 2030.
4. Reduce emissions intensity of GDP by 45% from 2005 levels by 2030.
5. Achieve Net Zero emissions by 2070.

Key Concepts

• Net Zero = Greenhouse gas emissions emitted = emissions removed/absorbed.
• Carbon Intensity = Emissions released per unit of GDP.
• Non-fossil sources include solar, wind, hydro and nuclear energy.
• Panchamrit was announced at Glasgow, Scotland (UK) during COP26.

Current Relevance

• Panchamrit forms the basis of India’s updated Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and long-term pathway towards the 2070 Net-Zero target.

#CA2026

Global Justice Report: A Plan for Equality & Prosperity Within Planetary Boundaries (World Inequality Lab) projects that India may overtake China in share of global GDP (PPP) around 2060 under a “Sustainable Convergence Scenario”.

Global GDP (PPP) – Key Projections
• India: ~8% of global GDP (PPP) currently —> projected 16% by 2100
• China: ~20% currently —> projected 7% by 2100
• India may surpass China in global GDP share around 2060

Demographic Angle
• China’s population share: ~23% (1945) —> ~17% (2025) —> <8% (2100)
• Declining population expected to reduce China’s share in world output.
• India’s population share remains relatively higher, supporting long-term growth.

PPP vs Market Exchange Rate
• India’s GDP share: ~8% (PPP) vs ~4% (MER)
• China’s GDP share: ~20% (PPP) vs ~17% (MER)
• PPP adjusts for domestic purchasing power; MER uses prevailing exchange rates.

#CA2026

Project Glasswing —> Anthropic’s AI-powered cyber-defence initiative to protect critical infrastructure (power, water, healthcare, communications, etc.) by identifying and mitigating cyber vulnerabilities; recently expanded to India and 14 other countries.

#CA2026

Zorawar Light Tank

• Developed jointly by Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and LARSEN & TOUBRO under Project Zorawar.

• 25-tonne indigenous light tank, designed for high-altitude operations and aligned with Aatmanirbhar Bharat.

#CA2026

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