UPSC 2008

#PYQ

Bihar Dairy Sector: Bihar’s per capita milk availability reached 285 g/day in 2024–25, still below the national average of 485 g/day and below the ICMR recommended 300 g/day level.

Punjab has the highest per capita milk availability in India at 1,318 g/day, compared to the national average of 485 g/day.

#BIHARspecial

India- Oman FTA

Zojila Tunnel

• Zojila Tunnel is a 13.15 km-long tunnel being constructed beneath the Zojila Pass on the Srinagar–Leh National Highway (NH-1).

• It will become the world’s longest single-tube bi-directional road tunnel at an altitude of about 11,500 feet.

• The tunnel will provide all-weather connectivity between Kashmir Valley and Ladakh (especially Kargil region).

• The tunnel is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM), a technique particularly suited to fragile Himalayan geology.

• Zojila Pass lies in the Great Himalayan Range and connects Sonamarg (J&K) with Drass–Kargil (Ladakh).

• Zojila Pass is one of the highest motorable passes in India, located on the route between Srinagar and Leh.

#CA2026
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—> Fifteen-year-old Divyanshi Bhowmick produced a dream performance at Prishtina in Kosovo as she became the youngest In-dian to win a WTT Feeder women's singles title.

—> According to the Table Tennis Federa-tion of India, she is the se-cond-youngest player in the world, after Japan's Mi-wa Harimoto, to capture a WTT Feeder women's crown

-->Tyrannosaurus rex was a huge land predator during the twilight of the age of dinosaurs.

--> But it was not the only T. rex that terrorised the Cretaceous Period.

--> There also was a marine reptile named Tylosaurus rex -the T. rex of the sea

SC = 5 New judges

—> Constitutional Provision : 124(2)
1. Shri Justice Sheel Nagu, Chief Justice, High Court of Punjab and Haryana
2. Shri Justice Shree Chandrashekhar, Chief Justice, High Court of Bombay,
3. Shri Justice Sanjeev Sachdeva, Chief Justice, High Court of Madhya Pradesh
4. Shri Justice Arun Palli, Chief Justice, High Court of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh
5. Smt. Venkita Subramani Mohana ,Senior advocate

Interlink: https://t.me/bpscweb/44435

#PYQ

𝐅𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐞𝐭𝐚𝐡𝐬 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐌𝐚𝐝𝐡𝐲𝐚 𝐏𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐞𝐬𝐡 𝐭𝐨 𝐛𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐨𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐁𝐚𝐧𝐧𝐢 𝐆𝐫𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐊𝐮𝐭𝐜𝐡.

National Tiger Conservation Authority and Cheetah Steering Committee have approved the translocation of 2 male and 2 female African cheetahs, currently rehabilitated in MP, to the Banni grassland ecosystem.

With this move, Gujarat is set to become the second home for Cheetahs in India after Kuno National Park in MP.

Banni facility is being developed as India’s first Cheetah Conservation Breeding Centre.

Interlink :

1. https://t.me/civils_web/4138

2. https://t.me/civils_web/4760

3. https://t.me/civils_web/12061

4. https://t.me/civils_web/11849

5. https://t.me/civils_web/9516

Interlink: https://t.me/bpscweb/44114

#PYQ

Right to be Forgotten (RTBF)

• Delhi High Court (2026): Right to be Forgotten is part of the Right to Privacy under Article 21.

• RTBF allows individuals to seek removal, de-linking or de-indexing of personal information from online platforms.(Removal = Delete content | De-linking = Remove hyperlink | De-indexing = Remove from search engine results)

• It aims to protect informational privacy, dignity and reputation in the digital age.

• RTBF is commonly invoked after acquittal, resolved disputes or outdated personal records continue to appear online.

• Courts may mask names and personal identifiers in judgments, but the judicial record itself is not erased.

• Constitutional basis: Justice K.S. Puttaswamy (2017) Privacy Judgment + Article 21.

Fact:
• India’s Digital Personal Data Protection Act does not explicitly use the term “Right to be Forgotten”, but provides a related Right to Erasure of Personal Data under specified conditions.

#CA2026
#GS2mains

Prashant Lokhande was appointed as new chairman of the CBSE amid a row over its On-Screen Marking System.

#CA2026
#APPOINTMENT

Phulhar (Madhubani) – Traditionally associated with the first meeting of Rama and Sita in the Ramayana tradition.
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Current: A 12th-century idol of Tara, bearing inscriptions in Mithilakshar (Tirhuta) script and found with a Kaithi-script artefact, was unearthed at Baag Taraag Pokhar, Phulhar (Madhubani, Bihar) and handed over to Mithila Lalit Museum, Saurath.

Tara:
• One of the most important female deities of Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhism.
• Considered the female counterpart/emanation of Avalokiteshvara (Lokeshvara).
• Prominent forms: Green Tara (protection from dangers) and White Tara (long life and compassion).
• Especially revered in Tibet, Nepal, Bhutan and Mongolia.

Mithilakshar (Tirhuta) Script:
• Also known as Tirhuta Script, Tirhutia Script, Maithili Script and Vaidehi Script.
• Traditional script of the Maithili language of the Mithila region (Bihar–Nepal).
• Belongs to the Eastern Nagari family and is closely related to Bengali, Assamese and Nepali/Newari scripts.
• Earliest evidence is linked to 7th-century Adityasena inscriptions at Mandar Hill (Banka, Bihar).
• Reached its present form by about the 10th century CE.
• Added to the Unicode Standard in 2014.
• Still used in some Panji (genealogical) records, religious manuscripts and ceremonial documents in Mithila.

Kaithi Script:
• Name derived from Kayastha, the traditional scribal community.
• Used extensively for court records, land records, revenue administration and legal documents in Bihar and eastern Uttar Pradesh.
• Written in languages such as Maithili, Bhojpuri, Magahi, Angika, Awadhi and Hindustani.
• In 1880, Bihar adopted Kaithi as the official script of courts and administrative offices, replacing Persian records.
• Sometimes called the “Bihar Script” during the colonial period.

Link Between Mithilakshar & Kaithi:
• Both were historically used in the Mithila region.
• Mithilakshar/Tirhuta was mainly used for literary, religious and genealogical writings.
• Kaithi was mainly used for everyday administration, courts, revenue and commercial records.
• Before Devanagari became dominant, these were the two major indigenous scripts of north Bihar.

#BIHARspecial

UNGA 81st Session (2026–27)
• Bangladesh Foreign Minister Khalilur Rahman was elected President of the 81st Session of the UN General Assembly (UNGA), and will assume office when the 81st session begins in September 2026. He will succeed Annalena Baerbock(President 80th session/present UNGA) of Germany.

About UNGA:
• UNGA is the main deliberative, policymaking and representative organ of the United Nations.

• Membership: 193 UN Member States; each state has one vote.

• Regular session begins annually in September at UN Headquarters, New York.

• President of UNGA is elected for a one-year term and the post rotates among regional groups. The 81st session was allotted to the Asia-Pacific Group.

UNGA elects:
• 10 non-permanent members of the UN Security Council
• Members of ECOSOC and other UN bodies
• UNGA President annually.

• UNGA appoints the UN Secretary-General on the recommendation of the Security Council.

• UNGA approves the UN budget.

#CA2026
#UN
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India Replacing WPI with PPI
• India will gradually replace the Producer Price Index (PPI) with the Wholesale Price Index (WPI) as the main producer inflation indicator.

What is PPI?
• Producer Price Index (PPI) measures the average change in prices received by producers for goods and services.
• It tracks inflation at the producer/business level, before products reach consumers.
• Used by most advanced economies and recommended by the IMF.

Difference :
• Coverage: WPI —> Goods only; PPI —> Goods + Services.

• Price Stage: WPI —> Wholesale level; PPI —> Producer level (factory/business gate).

Benefit:
• Double Deflation Method: Uses both input and output prices separately to estimate real economic growth more accurately.
• Helps avoid double counting and improves GDP measurement.

#CA2026
#ECONOMY
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