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ELI LILLY’S (VERVE-102) —> world’s first in-vivo CRISPR gene-editing therapy for LDL cholesterol; a single-dose treatment reported to reduce LDL-C by about 62% by targeting the PCSK9 gene in the liver.
Additional fact: Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH), a genetic disorder causing very high LDL cholesterol, is commonly associated with mutations in the LDLR, APOB, or PCSK9 genes.
#CA2026
#FIRST
Additional fact: Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH), a genetic disorder causing very high LDL cholesterol, is commonly associated with mutations in the LDLR, APOB, or PCSK9 genes.
#CA2026
#FIRST
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• Viruses are classified into a vast “virosphere”; Ebola virus belongs to the family Filoviridae, while Hantaviruses belong to the family Hantaviridae and are primarily rodent-borne.
Additional factual points:
• Ebola virus was first identified near the Ebola River in present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo (1976).
• Hantaviruses are named after the Hantan River, where the disease was first recognized during the Korean War.
• Most hantaviruses spread through aerosols of rodent urine, droppings, or saliva, but the Andes virus is notable for human-to-human transmission. Andes virus is the only hantavirus known to spread human-to-human.
• Tai Forest virus is an Ebola virus species first identified in Côte d’Ivoire (1994).
• Existing Ebola vaccines are primarily designed against Zaire ebolavirus.
• Virus classification and naming are overseen by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).
Interlink:
https://t.me/bpscweb/43491
https://t.me/bpscweb/43866
#CA2026
Additional factual points:
• Ebola virus was first identified near the Ebola River in present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo (1976).
• Hantaviruses are named after the Hantan River, where the disease was first recognized during the Korean War.
• Most hantaviruses spread through aerosols of rodent urine, droppings, or saliva, but the Andes virus is notable for human-to-human transmission. Andes virus is the only hantavirus known to spread human-to-human.
• Tai Forest virus is an Ebola virus species first identified in Côte d’Ivoire (1994).
• Existing Ebola vaccines are primarily designed against Zaire ebolavirus.
• Virus classification and naming are overseen by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).
Interlink:
https://t.me/bpscweb/43491
https://t.me/bpscweb/43866
#CA2026
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Celler Abadal (Catalonia, Spain) became the first vineyard to receive the “Fire Wine” certification, recognising vineyards that help reduce wildfire risk through fire-resilient land management practices.
• Catalonia (Spain) recently used vineyards as natural firebreaks to slow the spread of wildfires.
• FireWine Certification is a Catalonia-based initiative that recognizes vineyards adopting wildfire-prevention practices.
• Europe is experiencing its worst wildfire period since records began in 2006, with nearly 2.5 million acres scorched in the recent season.
• Vineyards reduce wildfire spread because rows of vines and cleared soil between them contain less combustible vegetation.
• Truffle cultivation and beekeeping (honey production) encourage management of forest undergrowth, thereby lowering wildfire fuel loads.
#CA2026
👇👇
• Catalonia (Spain) recently used vineyards as natural firebreaks to slow the spread of wildfires.
• FireWine Certification is a Catalonia-based initiative that recognizes vineyards adopting wildfire-prevention practices.
• Europe is experiencing its worst wildfire period since records began in 2006, with nearly 2.5 million acres scorched in the recent season.
• Vineyards reduce wildfire spread because rows of vines and cleared soil between them contain less combustible vegetation.
• Truffle cultivation and beekeeping (honey production) encourage management of forest undergrowth, thereby lowering wildfire fuel loads.
#CA2026
👇👇
• DNA test in paternity disputes can be ordered only in exceptional cases when no other evidence can conclusively establish the truth; courts must balance the Right to Privacy (Article 21) with an individual’s right to identity.
• The Right to Privacy under Article 21 is not absolute and may be balanced against competing rights and interests.
• The Supreme Court held that in paternity disputes, courts must balance the alleged father’s privacy with the claimant’s right to identity and certainty of parentage.
• The Court relied on recent judgments including Aparna Ajinkya Firodia v. Ajinkya Arun Firodia (2024) and Ivan Rathinam v. Milan Joseph (2025), emphasizing balancing of privacy, dignity, and social consequences.
• DNA evidence is considered one of the most reliable forms of scientific evidence, but its use is subject to constitutional safeguards and judicial scrutiny.
#CA2026
#GS2mains
• The Right to Privacy under Article 21 is not absolute and may be balanced against competing rights and interests.
• The Supreme Court held that in paternity disputes, courts must balance the alleged father’s privacy with the claimant’s right to identity and certainty of parentage.
• The Court relied on recent judgments including Aparna Ajinkya Firodia v. Ajinkya Arun Firodia (2024) and Ivan Rathinam v. Milan Joseph (2025), emphasizing balancing of privacy, dignity, and social consequences.
• DNA evidence is considered one of the most reliable forms of scientific evidence, but its use is subject to constitutional safeguards and judicial scrutiny.
#CA2026
#GS2mains
World’s First Green Rail Corridor
• Kerala proposed 473km High-Speed Rail Corridor (Thiruvananthapuram–Kannur) to be the world’s first Green Rail Corridor, with its operational energy requirement proposed to be met entirely through captive solar power.
• The proposal comes after the SilverLine semi-high-speed rail project was shelved/withdrawn
• Unlike SilverLine, the new corridor is proposed to run largely on elevated viaducts, with only a short underground stretch in Thiruvananthapuram, thereby aiming to reduce land acquisition and environmental concerns.
Crowdfunding
• Crowdfunding means raising funds for a specific project by collecting small contributions from a large number of individuals, usually through web-based platforms or social networks.
• It can enable startups, SMEs, and infrastructure projects to access capital from a broad investor base without relying entirely on traditional bank finance.
#CA2026
#FIRST
👇🏻👇🏻
• Kerala proposed 473km High-Speed Rail Corridor (Thiruvananthapuram–Kannur) to be the world’s first Green Rail Corridor, with its operational energy requirement proposed to be met entirely through captive solar power.
• The proposal comes after the SilverLine semi-high-speed rail project was shelved/withdrawn
• Unlike SilverLine, the new corridor is proposed to run largely on elevated viaducts, with only a short underground stretch in Thiruvananthapuram, thereby aiming to reduce land acquisition and environmental concerns.
Crowdfunding
• Crowdfunding means raising funds for a specific project by collecting small contributions from a large number of individuals, usually through web-based platforms or social networks.
• It can enable startups, SMEs, and infrastructure projects to access capital from a broad investor base without relying entirely on traditional bank finance.
#CA2026
#FIRST
👇🏻👇🏻
Vaibhav Suryavanshi has been appointed as the Brand Ambassador of the Jharkhand Health Department to promote health, fitness, discipline, and a healthy lifestyle.
#BIHARspecial
#BIHARspecial
Piyush Raj of Rohtas (Bihar) won a silver medal in the 4×400 m relay at the 22nd Asian U-20 Athletics Championships held in Hong Kong.
#BIHARspecial
#BIHARspecial
Netaji & Azad Hind Fauj:
• Subhas Chandra Bose took over leadership of the Indian National Army (INA/Azad Hind Fauj) on 4 July 1943 at Singapore.
• The Provisional Government of Free India (Arzi Hukumat-e-Azad Hind) was established by Netaji at Singapore on 21 October 1943.
• The slogan “Tum Mujhe Khoon Do, Main Tumhe Azadi Doonga” is associated with Netaji and the Azad Hind movement; it was used to mobilise Indians for the freedom struggle.
• The INA’s famous military call was “Delhi Chalo”, given by Netaji at Singapore in July 1943.
• “Jai Hind” was popularised by the INA and became a national salutation.
• The women’s wing of INA was the Rani Jhansi Regiment, led by Lakshmi Sahgal; it is regarded as one of the world’s earliest all-women combat units.
• After receiving Andaman & Nicobar Islands from Japan, Netaji renamed them Shaheed Dweep (Andaman) and Swaraj Dweep (Nicobar) in 1943.
• INA advanced with Japanese support up to the Imphal–Kohima sector during World War II.
• The INA Trials were held at the Red Fort, Delhi (1945–46) and generated massive nationalist support across India.
• Motto of Azad Hind Government: “Ittehad, Itmad aur Qurbani” (Unity, Faith and Sacrifice).
• National anthem of Azad Hind Government: “Shubh Sukh Chain”, adapted from Rabindranath Tagore’s Jana Gana Mana.
• Historians often consider the INA movement, INA trials, and the 1946 Royal Indian Navy Mutiny as important factors that increased pressure on the British to quit India.
• Subhas Chandra Bose took over leadership of the Indian National Army (INA/Azad Hind Fauj) on 4 July 1943 at Singapore.
• The Provisional Government of Free India (Arzi Hukumat-e-Azad Hind) was established by Netaji at Singapore on 21 October 1943.
• The slogan “Tum Mujhe Khoon Do, Main Tumhe Azadi Doonga” is associated with Netaji and the Azad Hind movement; it was used to mobilise Indians for the freedom struggle.
• The INA’s famous military call was “Delhi Chalo”, given by Netaji at Singapore in July 1943.
• “Jai Hind” was popularised by the INA and became a national salutation.
• The women’s wing of INA was the Rani Jhansi Regiment, led by Lakshmi Sahgal; it is regarded as one of the world’s earliest all-women combat units.
• After receiving Andaman & Nicobar Islands from Japan, Netaji renamed them Shaheed Dweep (Andaman) and Swaraj Dweep (Nicobar) in 1943.
• INA advanced with Japanese support up to the Imphal–Kohima sector during World War II.
• The INA Trials were held at the Red Fort, Delhi (1945–46) and generated massive nationalist support across India.
• Motto of Azad Hind Government: “Ittehad, Itmad aur Qurbani” (Unity, Faith and Sacrifice).
• National anthem of Azad Hind Government: “Shubh Sukh Chain”, adapted from Rabindranath Tagore’s Jana Gana Mana.
• Historians often consider the INA movement, INA trials, and the 1946 Royal Indian Navy Mutiny as important factors that increased pressure on the British to quit India.
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#GSMains IR
Probable Mains Question :
What are the aims and objectives of the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue(QUAD). QUAD plays key role in promoting a free and open Indo-Pacific region. Comment.
Probable Mains Question :
What are the aims and objectives of the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue(QUAD). QUAD plays key role in promoting a free and open Indo-Pacific region. Comment.
RBI Annual Report 2023-2024
1. BOP Surplus (2023-24) : This was because the surplus on the capital account was so big , it dwarfed the CAD. This scenario did not play out in 2025-26. The
capital account surplus that year shrank to $72 million, down more than 99.5% over the $16.6 billion seen in 2024-25.
2. BOP deficit grew in 2025-2026 : Sharp fall in net foreign investments in India which compounded a widening trade deficit
3. The deficit in 2025-26 was entirely paid for using the RBI’s foreign exchange reserves, denting them significantly.
4. CAD : 3 year high of $30.2 billion 2025-26.
5. Merchandise trade deficit : Imports exceeded exports , $251.6 billion in 2025-26, down from $286.9 billion in the previous year.
6. Surplus on India’s ‘invisibles’ trade, which includes the services trade, fell to $221.4 billion in 2025-26 from $263.9 in 2024-25.
7. India imports nearly 90% of its oil requirement, and does not produce any gold
of its own, although its gold demand is very big.
#prelims
1. BOP Surplus (2023-24) : This was because the surplus on the capital account was so big , it dwarfed the CAD. This scenario did not play out in 2025-26. The
capital account surplus that year shrank to $72 million, down more than 99.5% over the $16.6 billion seen in 2024-25.
2. BOP deficit grew in 2025-2026 : Sharp fall in net foreign investments in India which compounded a widening trade deficit
3. The deficit in 2025-26 was entirely paid for using the RBI’s foreign exchange reserves, denting them significantly.
4. CAD : 3 year high of $30.2 billion 2025-26.
5. Merchandise trade deficit : Imports exceeded exports , $251.6 billion in 2025-26, down from $286.9 billion in the previous year.
6. Surplus on India’s ‘invisibles’ trade, which includes the services trade, fell to $221.4 billion in 2025-26 from $263.9 in 2024-25.
7. India imports nearly 90% of its oil requirement, and does not produce any gold
of its own, although its gold demand is very big.
#prelims
#GS IR
Myanmar = Neighbourhood first + Act East + MAHASAGAR
#prelims :
1. Which states share border with Myanmar : Arunachal Pradesh , Nagalnd , Manipur , Mizoram
2. Diphu pass : trijunction of India , China , Myanmar
3. River forms part of the international boundary between India and Myanmar : Tiau River (or Tio river)
4. The Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project and the India–Myanmar–Thailand Trilateral Highway are among the most important connectivity projects linking India with Southeast Asia.
5. The Irrawaddy River flows through Myanmar and drains into the Andaman Sea
Interlink: https://t.me/bpscweb/44318
Myanmar = Neighbourhood first + Act East + MAHASAGAR
#prelims :
1. Which states share border with Myanmar : Arunachal Pradesh , Nagalnd , Manipur , Mizoram
2. Diphu pass : trijunction of India , China , Myanmar
3. River forms part of the international boundary between India and Myanmar : Tiau River (or Tio river)
4. The Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project and the India–Myanmar–Thailand Trilateral Highway are among the most important connectivity projects linking India with Southeast Asia.
5. The Irrawaddy River flows through Myanmar and drains into the Andaman Sea
Interlink: https://t.me/bpscweb/44318
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