• Gamma rays = highest-energy, shortest-wavelength electromagnetic waves.
• Order in EM spectrum(longest to shortest): Radio>Microwave>Infrared>Visible>UV>X-ray>Gamma ray.
• Gamma rays originate from nuclear reactions/radioactive decay; X-rays mainly from electron transitions.
• Earth’s atmosphere blocks most gamma rays—> gamma astronomy needs space telescopes like Fermi & Swift.
• Gamma rays have maximum penetrating and ionising power among EM waves.
• Thick lead/concrete shielding is used against gamma radiation.
• Uses: cancer radiotherapy, sterilisation of medical tools, food irradiation, industrial radiography.
• Main cosmic gamma-ray sources: supernovae, pulsars, magnetars, black holes, Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs).
• GRBs are the brightest known explosions in the universe.
• Long GRBs—> collapse of massive stars; Short GRBs—> neutron star mergers.
• Vela satellites accidentally discovered GRBs during Cold War nuclear-test monitoring.
👇🏻👇🏻
• Order in EM spectrum(longest to shortest): Radio>Microwave>Infrared>Visible>UV>X-ray>Gamma ray.
• Gamma rays originate from nuclear reactions/radioactive decay; X-rays mainly from electron transitions.
• Earth’s atmosphere blocks most gamma rays—> gamma astronomy needs space telescopes like Fermi & Swift.
• Gamma rays have maximum penetrating and ionising power among EM waves.
• Thick lead/concrete shielding is used against gamma radiation.
• Uses: cancer radiotherapy, sterilisation of medical tools, food irradiation, industrial radiography.
• Main cosmic gamma-ray sources: supernovae, pulsars, magnetars, black holes, Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs).
• GRBs are the brightest known explosions in the universe.
• Long GRBs—> collapse of massive stars; Short GRBs—> neutron star mergers.
• Vela satellites accidentally discovered GRBs during Cold War nuclear-test monitoring.
👇🏻👇🏻
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• Mundeshwari Temple is located on Panwara Hill in Kaimur district, Bihar.
• Considered among the oldest continuously functional Hindu temples in India.
• Dedicated mainly to Goddess Mundeshwari (Shakti tradition) while also housing a Shiva Lingam - symbolising coexistence of Shaiva and Shakta traditions.
• Archaeological evidence traces the site to as early as 108 CE; present structure generally dated between 6th–7th century CE.
• Temple is famous for its rare octagonal architecture - an uncommon feature in ancient Indian temples.
• Built of stone and associated with early Nagara-style temple architecture.
• Inscriptions found at the site are in early Brahmi-derived scripts.
#BIHARspecial
• Considered among the oldest continuously functional Hindu temples in India.
• Dedicated mainly to Goddess Mundeshwari (Shakti tradition) while also housing a Shiva Lingam - symbolising coexistence of Shaiva and Shakta traditions.
• Archaeological evidence traces the site to as early as 108 CE; present structure generally dated between 6th–7th century CE.
• Temple is famous for its rare octagonal architecture - an uncommon feature in ancient Indian temples.
• Built of stone and associated with early Nagara-style temple architecture.
• Inscriptions found at the site are in early Brahmi-derived scripts.
#BIHARspecial
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Book in News: “The Dig: Keeladi and the Politics of India’s Past”
—>Author — Sowmiya Ashok
• Keeladi (Keezhadi):- Sangam-age urban excavation site on the banks of Vaigai River in Sivaganga district, Tamil Nadu.
• Excavations revealed brick structures, ring wells, drainage systems, terracotta artefacts and Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions.
• Carbon dating pushed evidence of Tamil urban civilisation to around 6th century BCE.
• Keeladi challenged the view that early urbanisation in India was confined mainly to the Gangetic plains.
• Excavation linked with Sangam Age civilisation and early literate Tamil society.
#CA2026
#BOOK
—>Author — Sowmiya Ashok
• Keeladi (Keezhadi):- Sangam-age urban excavation site on the banks of Vaigai River in Sivaganga district, Tamil Nadu.
• Excavations revealed brick structures, ring wells, drainage systems, terracotta artefacts and Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions.
• Carbon dating pushed evidence of Tamil urban civilisation to around 6th century BCE.
• Keeladi challenged the view that early urbanisation in India was confined mainly to the Gangetic plains.
• Excavation linked with Sangam Age civilisation and early literate Tamil society.
#CA2026
#BOOK
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• West Bengal replaced Rabindranath Tagore’s Banglar Mati Banglar Jol as the assembly song in state-recognised schools and madrasas with mandatory singing of Vande Mataram.
• Vande Mataram, composed by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay and published in Anandamath (1882), was adopted as the National Song of India on 24 January 1950.
#CA2026
#STATE
• Vande Mataram, composed by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay and published in Anandamath (1882), was adopted as the National Song of India on 24 January 1950.
#CA2026
#STATE
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India’s first AI-based Data Centre Park is being developed in Nava Raipur, Chhattisgarh.
Spearheaded by RackBank Datacenters Pvt. Ltd., the 13.5-acre facility aims to establish digital sovereignty by providing indigenous, high-speed GPU computing infrastructure tailored for artificial intelligence and big data analytics
#CA2026
#FIRST
Spearheaded by RackBank Datacenters Pvt. Ltd., the 13.5-acre facility aims to establish digital sovereignty by providing indigenous, high-speed GPU computing infrastructure tailored for artificial intelligence and big data analytics
#CA2026
#FIRST
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• World Cities Report 2026 released by UN-Habitat.
• Around 40% of global population (3.4 billion people) affected by housing crisis.
• Cities expected to absorb additional 2 billion people by 2050.
• Global price-to-income ratio rose from 9.3 (2010) to 11.2 (2023).
• Central & South Asia (including India) recorded very high ratio of 16.8.
• Mumbai and Delhi price-to-income ratios: 14.3 and 10.1 respectively.
• Report released at World Urban Forum, Baku (Azerbaijan).
#CA2026
• Around 40% of global population (3.4 billion people) affected by housing crisis.
• Cities expected to absorb additional 2 billion people by 2050.
• Global price-to-income ratio rose from 9.3 (2010) to 11.2 (2023).
• Central & South Asia (including India) recorded very high ratio of 16.8.
• Mumbai and Delhi price-to-income ratios: 14.3 and 10.1 respectively.
• Report released at World Urban Forum, Baku (Azerbaijan).
#CA2026
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Banda (Uttar Pradesh) became India’s hottest district in May 2026, recording 48.2°C on 19 May - its highest temperature since 1951; it lies in the drought-prone Bundelkhand region on the Ken River.
#CA2026
#CA2026
Gaya will become the first city in Bihar to get a regular scheduled direct international flight service, with IndiGo operating the Gaya–Bangkok route.
#BIHARspecial
#BIHARspecial
• International Booker Prize 2025 was won by Taiwanese author Yang Shuang-zi and translator Lin King for Taiwan Travelogue - the first winning work translated from Mandarin and the first by a Taiwanese author.
• Taiwan Travelogue was originally published in Mandarin in 2020 and had earlier won Taiwan’s highest literary award.
• International Booker Prize is awarded annually in the London for a book translated into English; prize money (£50,000) is shared equally between author and translator.
#CA2026
#AWARD
#BOOK
• Taiwan Travelogue was originally published in Mandarin in 2020 and had earlier won Taiwan’s highest literary award.
• International Booker Prize is awarded annually in the London for a book translated into English; prize money (£50,000) is shared equally between author and translator.
#CA2026
#AWARD
#BOOK
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BSF’s first-ever all-women Mount Everest Expedition was conducted under “Mission Vande Mataram”.
#CA2026
#CA2026
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