Italian open title
Why important for 72nd BPSC:- Italian Open organizers are aggressively campaigning to elevate the tournament to a "fifth Grand Slam" in the near future
Interlink: https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-sports/the-italian-open-wants-to-become-the-5th-grand-slam-but-all-roads-may-not-lead-to-rome-10686413/
#CA2026
#SPORT
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Why important for 72nd BPSC:- Italian Open organizers are aggressively campaigning to elevate the tournament to a "fifth Grand Slam" in the near future
Interlink: https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-sports/the-italian-open-wants-to-become-the-5th-grand-slam-but-all-roads-may-not-lead-to-rome-10686413/
#CA2026
#SPORT
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#PYQ trend
Tennis and Badminton are among BPSC’s most favourite sports areas, with questions asked almost every year.
Tennis and Badminton are among BPSC’s most favourite sports areas, with questions asked almost every year.
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The Nagatitan, the largest-ever dinosaur found in South-East Asia, weighed 27 tonnes - as much as nine adult Asian elephants - and measured 27m (88ft) in length, longer than a diplodocus.
Like that dinosaur, it belonged to the sauropod family of long-necked herbivores.
#CA2026
#DISCOVERY
Like that dinosaur, it belonged to the sauropod family of long-necked herbivores.
#CA2026
#DISCOVERY
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Austerity Measures in India
• Austerity = Government measures to reduce expenditure/imports and conserve forex during economic stress.
• Major Indian austerity phases:
1965–66 (war + food crisis), 1990–91 (BoP crisis), 2008–09 (global crisis), 2025–26 (CAD pressure).
• Lal Bahadur Shastri’s 1965 “Monday fast” appeal aimed at saving food grains during severe shortage.
• 1991 BoP crisis was triggered by Gulf War oil shock, high fiscal deficit and falling forex reserves.
• India pledged gold reserves in 1991 to raise foreign exchange.
• CAD (Current Account Deficit) rises when imports exceed exports; crude oil and gold are major contributors.
• Import cover = Number of months imports can be financed using forex reserves.
• Forex reserves are maintained by Reserve Bank of India and include foreign currency assets, gold, SDRs and IMF reserve position.
• Fiscal Deficit = Total expenditure − (Revenue receipts + Non-debt capital receipts).
• India abolished Plan vs Non-Plan expenditure classification in 2017.
• Plan Expenditure (abolished in 2017) = Spending on schemes/projects under Five-Year Plans; Non-Plan Expenditure = Routine expenses like salaries, subsidies, pensions, defence and interest payments.
• India replaced Plan/Non-Plan classification with Revenue and Capital expenditure after abolition of Planning Commission.
• Revenue expenditure includes subsidies, salaries, pensions and interest payments; capital expenditure creates assets/infrastructure.
• 1991 crisis led to LPG reforms:- Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation.
#CA2026
#ECONOMY
👇🏻👇🏻
• Austerity = Government measures to reduce expenditure/imports and conserve forex during economic stress.
• Major Indian austerity phases:
1965–66 (war + food crisis), 1990–91 (BoP crisis), 2008–09 (global crisis), 2025–26 (CAD pressure).
• Lal Bahadur Shastri’s 1965 “Monday fast” appeal aimed at saving food grains during severe shortage.
• 1991 BoP crisis was triggered by Gulf War oil shock, high fiscal deficit and falling forex reserves.
• India pledged gold reserves in 1991 to raise foreign exchange.
• CAD (Current Account Deficit) rises when imports exceed exports; crude oil and gold are major contributors.
• Import cover = Number of months imports can be financed using forex reserves.
• Forex reserves are maintained by Reserve Bank of India and include foreign currency assets, gold, SDRs and IMF reserve position.
• Fiscal Deficit = Total expenditure − (Revenue receipts + Non-debt capital receipts).
• India abolished Plan vs Non-Plan expenditure classification in 2017.
• Plan Expenditure (abolished in 2017) = Spending on schemes/projects under Five-Year Plans; Non-Plan Expenditure = Routine expenses like salaries, subsidies, pensions, defence and interest payments.
• India replaced Plan/Non-Plan classification with Revenue and Capital expenditure after abolition of Planning Commission.
• Revenue expenditure includes subsidies, salaries, pensions and interest payments; capital expenditure creates assets/infrastructure.
• 1991 crisis led to LPG reforms:- Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation.
#CA2026
#ECONOMY
👇🏻👇🏻