“Shiva Nataraja” is a Chola-period bronze sculpture originally belonging to Sri Bhava Aushadesvara Temple, Thiruthuraipoondi Taluk, Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu.

• The sculpture was photographed in the temple in 1957 and later found to have been removed illegally from India.

• Two antiquities have already reached India:
1. “Somaskanda-Shiva and Uma” - 12th century Chola period bronze.
2. “Saint Sundarar with Paravai” - 16th century Vijayanagara-period bronze.

• “Shiva Nataraja” is currently displayed at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Asian Art (US) and will return to India in 2028 under a long-term loan arrangement.

• Nataraja represents Lord Shiva as the “Cosmic Dancer”, symbolising creation, preservation and destruction in Shaivism.

• Chola bronze sculptures are famous for the lost-wax casting technique (cire perdue method).

#CA2026
#HISTORY

• Bihar government approved the Bihar Electric Vehicle (Amendment) Policy, 2026 to promote green mobility and women empowerment.

• Target: 30% of all new vehicles registered in Bihar to be electric by 2030.

• Women purchasing electric four-wheelers will receive a direct subsidy of ₹1 lakh per vehicle.

• Women buyers of electric two-wheelers will receive ₹12,000 subsidy.

• Under the scheme, incentives will be provided through Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT).

• Scheme name: “Mukhyamantri Bihar Paryavaran Anukul Parivahan Rozgar Yojana”.

• Electric cargo three-wheelers: subsidy up to ₹50,000 (general category) and ₹60,000 (SC/ST beneficiaries).

• Policy aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, cut fossil fuel consumption, and generate employment through EV-based transport services.

#BIHARspecial

• Assam Cabinet approved implementation of the Uniform Civil Code (UCC), but tribal populations residing in both hills and plains will remain outside its purview.

• Under the proposed Assam UCC, religious rituals/customs are exempted, while provisions may regulate minimum age of marriage, compulsory registration of marriage/divorce, abolition of polygamy, inheritance rights, and live-in relationships.

• Five Indian states share border with Bangladesh:-West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram; among them West Bengal has the longest border, while Assam has the shortest stretch.

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#STATE

India's first privately manufactured military aircraft is the Airbus C-295 tactical transport aircraft, rolled out by Tata Advanced Systems Limited (TASL) in partnership with Airbus in May 2026.

Produced at the Vadodara Final Assembly Line in Gujarat, this marks the first time a private company in India has manufactured a large-scale military aircraft

#QUIZ

Establishment of National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM) in Hajipur.

#BIHARspecial

Patna Municipal Corporation is developing Bihar’s first modern closed environment slaughterhouse based on the DBFOT (Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer) model to ensure hygienic and regulated meat processing.

• The proposed facility will include a blood processing unit, Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP), and scientific waste management system in line with environmental standards.

#BIHARspecial

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• India follows the principle of single citizenship; dual citizenship is not permitted under the Constitution and Citizenship Act, 1955.

• Voluntary acquisition of foreign citizenship leads to automatic termination of Indian citizenship.

• Articles 5–11 in Part II of the Constitution deal with citizenship provisions.

• Article 11 empowers Parliament to regulate citizenship through law.

• Citizenship Act, 1955 provides five modes of acquiring citizenship: Birth, Descent, Registration, Naturalisation, and Incorporation of Territory.

• Section 6 of the Citizenship Act deals with citizenship by naturalisation.

• Naturalisation condition: Residence in India for 12 years in total - including 12 continuous months immediately before application and 11 years in the preceding 14 years.

• OCI (Overseas Citizen of India) is not “dual citizenship”; it only provides limited lifelong visa and residency benefits.

• OCI cardholders cannot vote, contest elections, or hold constitutional offices like President, Vice-President, Governor, Judge, etc.

• Indian passport must be surrendered after acquiring foreign citizenship; holding both passports simultaneously is illegal.

• OCI scheme was introduced through the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2005.

The Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019 (CAA) amended provisions related to citizenship by naturalisation for specified migrant communities from Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Afghanistan.

#POLITY
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• TVK MLA R. Seenivasa Sethupathi won Tiruppattur Assembly seat by just 1 vote - one of the rarest victory margins in Indian elections.

• Earlier 1-vote victories include:
—> R. Dhruvanarayana (Karnataka, 2004)
—> Kalyan Singh Chouhan defeating C.P. Joshi (Rajasthan, 2008)
—> Neena Verma (Madhya Pradesh, 2008)

#CA2026

• Donanemab (Lormalzi) is India’s first disease-modifying monoclonal antibody therapy for Alzheimer’s disease.

• Donanemab works by clearing amyloid-beta plaques from the brain in early-stage Alzheimer’s patients.

• Eli Lilly launched Donanemab in India under the brand name “Lormalzi”.

• Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia and a progressive neurodegenerative disorder.

• Donanemab is administered through intravenous infusion, usually once every four weeks.

• Other anti-amyloid drugs for Alzheimer’s disease include Lecanemab and Aducanumab.

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#FIRST

• During the Revolt of 1857, British radical thinker and Chartist leader Ernest Charles Jones strongly supported the Indian uprising and rejected the British view that it was merely a “mutiny.”

Writing in his newspaper The People’s Paper, Jones described the revolt as a just and noble struggle against British imperialism and exploitation.
•He linked the revolt to wider themes of:
•anti-colonial resistance,
•workers’ rights,
•democracy,
•and international solidarity between oppressed peoples.

Jones argued that British rule had caused Indian suffering through:
•economic exploitation,
•famines,
•misgovernance,
•and destruction of Indian society.

• He published articles and poems such as The Revolt of Hindostan and The New World, praising the courage of Indian rebels and calling the uprising a “national insurrection for independence.”

#GS1mains