Explanation in Comments section 👇

[Option 1]: ❌ — The Inter-State Council was not created to substitute the National Development Council; both serve distinct roles.
[Option 2]: ✅ — The Council was established under Article 263 to promote federal cooperation and strengthen federal provisions.
[Option 3]: ❌ — It is an executive body, not an interface between the Judiciary and Government.
[Option 4]: ❌ — It does not include membership for local customary bodies; it comprises Union and State executives.
 
—> Established under Article 263 via Presidential Order (1990) on Sarkaria Commission’s recommendation.

—> Chaired by the Prime Minister; includes Chief Ministers, Union Ministers, and Administrators of UTs.

—> Mandate: Investigate disputes, discuss subjects of common interest, and recommend policy coordination.

Ans: https://t.me/bpscweb/43643

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• TARA stands for Tactical Advanced Range Augmentation.

• TARA = India’s first indigenous glide weapon system by DRDO.

• Converts unguided bombs into precision-guided glide weapons.

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Explanation in comments

El Niño & Monsoon
• El Niño = abnormal warming of central & eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean; generally weakens India’s south-west monsoon.

• La Niña = abnormal cooling of eastern Pacific; generally supports better monsoon rainfall in India.

• El Niño affects India by disturbing Walker Circulation - the east-west wind circulation across the tropical Pacific.

• During El Niño, moisture transport towards the Indian subcontinent weakens —> below-normal rainfall risk.

• India’s major El Niño-linked deficient monsoon years: 1972, 1982, 1987, 2002, 2009, 2015.

• ENSO phases: El Niño, La Niña, ENSO-neutral.

• IOD = Indian Ocean Dipole: temp. contrast between western and eastern Indian Ocean.

• Positive IOD:
• Western Indian Ocean = warmer than normal
• Eastern Indian Ocean = cooler than normal
• Can partly neutralise El Niño’s negative impact on monsoon.

Concept Link:
• El Niño + Negative IOD —> Strong monsoon suppression
• El Niño + Positive IOD —> Monsoon impact may reduce/partly neutralise.

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• Tribhuvan Prasad (T.P.) Singh (1913–1975) was born in Purnia, Bihar; he was a 1936-batch ICS officer and later became India’s first full-time Secretary of the Planning Commission.

• He studied Economics at Patna University and the London School of Economics (LSE); joined ICS service in 1937 and worked extensively in Bihar administration.

• T.P. Singh served as Administrator of the Kosi Project and later held key Union Government posts including Finance Secretary and Agriculture Secretary.

• A new rose variety named “Tribhuvan” has been developed by noted Bengaluru-based rose breeder K.S. Gopalaswamiengar Son (KSG Son).

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Jan Suraksha” umbrella includes three major social security schemes launched in May 2015:-

1.PMJJBY(Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana):
• Life insurance cover of ₹2 lakh on death due to any reason
• Age: 18–50 years (risk cover up to 55 years)
• Linked to bank/post office account via auto-debit

2.PMSBY(Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana):
• Accidental insurance scheme
• ₹2 lakh for accidental death/full disability; ₹1 lakh for partial ldisability
• Age: 18–70 years
• Annual premium only about ₹20

3.APY(Atal Pension Yojana):
• Defined-benefit pension scheme mainly for unorganised sector workers
• Entry age: 18–40 years
• Guarantees fixed pension after 60 years; backed by government guarantee against return shortfall

• Insurance penetration in India remains around 3.7%, lower than global average (~6.5–7.3%).

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• Russia celebrates Victory Day on 9 May to mark Soviet victory over Nazi Germany in the “Great Patriotic War” (1941–45); key symbols include the St George’s Ribbon and “Immortal Regiment” march.

• In India, commemorative events were held in New Delhi, Kudankulam (Tamil Nadu) and Thiruvananthapuram (Kerala).

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Lieutenant General NS Raja Subramani has been appointed as the next Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) and will also serve as the Secretary to the Government of India, Department of Military Affairs.

The present Chief of Defence Staff, General Anil Chauhan, will complete his tenure on May 30, 2026.

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Gandhi vs Tagore on Charkha:

Gandhi
• Charkha = symbol of Swadeshi, self-reliance & anti-British economic resistance.
• Linked with khadi, village economy, dignity of labour and national unity.
• Believed spinning could morally transform society and empower rural poor.

Tagore
• Rejected “cult of charkha” and compulsory spinning.
• Feared it promoted uniformity and mechanical thinking.
• Warned India should not isolate itself from science, technology and global ideas.
• Favoured creativity, intellectual freedom and modern education.

Core Difference
• Gandhi —> mass mobilisation through simple labour & village-centred economy.
• Tagore —> human creativity, universalism & scientific-cultural progress.

Famous Debate
• The Cult of the Charkha —> Tagore criticised excessive glorification of charkha.
• The Poet and the Charkha —> Gandhi defended charkha’s moral-economic role.

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9-year-old Anvi Hinge became the world’s youngest Women Candidate Master (WCM) after gaining 175 FIDE rating points at Alicante, Spain; WCM is a title awarded by the International Chess Federation (FIDE).

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Sample:- NCERT CONQUEST