SHANTI Act & Civil Nuclear Sector
• SHANTI: Enables private sector entry into India’s civil nuclear power sector (earlier dominated by govt entities).
DAE (Department of Atomic Energy): Retains nodal authority under the Act.
AERB (Atomic Energy Regulatory Board):
• Gets enhanced statutory role (earlier dependent on DAE for budget/admin).
• Now—>more independent regulator.
Key Issue:
• Conflict of interest —> DAE controls entire supply chain (R&D —> fuel —> waste).
• Demand for separation of regulator & operator roles.
Administrative Division (likely):
• Imported tech reactors (LWR/PWR) —> Ministry of Power oversight
• Indigenous PHWR reactors —> remain under DAE
Liability Clause:
• Key supplier liability provision diluted/omitted —> reduces risk for foreign vendors
• Linked to earlier concerns under Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, 2010
Current Nuclear Status (India):
• Installed capacity ≈ 8.7 GWe (~1.6% of total power)
• Target: 100 GW by 2047
• ~6600 MWe under construction
• SHANTI: Enables private sector entry into India’s civil nuclear power sector (earlier dominated by govt entities).
DAE (Department of Atomic Energy): Retains nodal authority under the Act.
AERB (Atomic Energy Regulatory Board):
• Gets enhanced statutory role (earlier dependent on DAE for budget/admin).
• Now—>more independent regulator.
Key Issue:
• Conflict of interest —> DAE controls entire supply chain (R&D —> fuel —> waste).
• Demand for separation of regulator & operator roles.
Administrative Division (likely):
• Imported tech reactors (LWR/PWR) —> Ministry of Power oversight
• Indigenous PHWR reactors —> remain under DAE
Liability Clause:
• Key supplier liability provision diluted/omitted —> reduces risk for foreign vendors
• Linked to earlier concerns under Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, 2010
Current Nuclear Status (India):
• Installed capacity ≈ 8.7 GWe (~1.6% of total power)
• Target: 100 GW by 2047
• ~6600 MWe under construction
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South Coast Railway (SCoR) = India’s 18th railway zone, HQ Visakhapatnam, formed by carving high freight-rich coastal divisions from ECoR and SCR.
Key Divisions:
• Visakhapatnam, Vijayawada, Guntur, Guntakal
Why important:
• Covers coastal + mineral-rich belt —> high freight potential
• Linked to major ports (Vizag)
Controversy:
• Odisha opposes —> loss of freight-rich areas from ECoR
• ECoR earns >90% revenue from freight --> reason for Odisha’s opposition
• Issue linked to inter-state resource and revenue sharing
#CA2026
Key Divisions:
• Visakhapatnam, Vijayawada, Guntur, Guntakal
Why important:
• Covers coastal + mineral-rich belt —> high freight potential
• Linked to major ports (Vizag)
Controversy:
• Odisha opposes —> loss of freight-rich areas from ECoR
• ECoR earns >90% revenue from freight --> reason for Odisha’s opposition
• Issue linked to inter-state resource and revenue sharing
#CA2026
Semaglutide (GLP-1 drugs):
• Semaglutide —> a GLP-1 receptor agonist used for Type-2 Diabetes + obesity (weight loss).
• Works by —> ↑ insulin secretion, ↓ glucagon, slows gastric emptying —> appetite suppression.
Drug Class & Examples:
• GLP-1 analogues: Semaglutide, Liraglutide, Tirzepatide (dual GIP + GLP-1)
Prelims Traps:
• Not for Type-1 diabetes
• Not a fat burner —> acts hormonally
Link: https://t.me/civils_web/12555
#CA2026
• Semaglutide —> a GLP-1 receptor agonist used for Type-2 Diabetes + obesity (weight loss).
• Works by —> ↑ insulin secretion, ↓ glucagon, slows gastric emptying —> appetite suppression.
Drug Class & Examples:
• GLP-1 analogues: Semaglutide, Liraglutide, Tirzepatide (dual GIP + GLP-1)
Prelims Traps:
• Not for Type-1 diabetes
• Not a fat burner —> acts hormonally
Link: https://t.me/civils_web/12555
#CA2026
Dengue:-
• Caused by Dengue virus (Flavivirus); transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquito (day-biter)
• Four serotypes: DENV-1, 2, 3, 4 —> infection by one ≠ immunity to others
• Antibody-Dependent Enhancement (ADE): prior infection can worsen severity on reinfection
• Severe dengue linked to immune overreaction + vascular leakage
• Urban disease: thrives in clean stagnant water, rapid urbanisation
• Climate change —> expands mosquito habitat (temperature + rainfall sensitive)
Newspaper takeaways:
• COMBAT project: Indo-EU initiative —> studies why dengue turns severe
• Uses AI + single-cell sequencing + biomarkers —> decode host response
• Organ-on-chip: lab simulation of human organs (no human testing)
• Qdenga (TAK-003): approved in India (18–60 yrs), ~84% efficacy, no pre-screening
• ICMR ‘DengiAll’: Phase-III, single-dose recombinant vaccine
• Key hurdle: ADE + 4 serotypes —> vaccine complexity
Link: https://t.me/bpscweb/43430
#CA2026
• Caused by Dengue virus (Flavivirus); transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquito (day-biter)
• Four serotypes: DENV-1, 2, 3, 4 —> infection by one ≠ immunity to others
• Antibody-Dependent Enhancement (ADE): prior infection can worsen severity on reinfection
• Severe dengue linked to immune overreaction + vascular leakage
• Urban disease: thrives in clean stagnant water, rapid urbanisation
• Climate change —> expands mosquito habitat (temperature + rainfall sensitive)
Newspaper takeaways:
• COMBAT project: Indo-EU initiative —> studies why dengue turns severe
• Uses AI + single-cell sequencing + biomarkers —> decode host response
• Organ-on-chip: lab simulation of human organs (no human testing)
• Qdenga (TAK-003): approved in India (18–60 yrs), ~84% efficacy, no pre-screening
• ICMR ‘DengiAll’: Phase-III, single-dose recombinant vaccine
• Key hurdle: ADE + 4 serotypes —> vaccine complexity
Link: https://t.me/bpscweb/43430
#CA2026
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The 2026 Davis Cup Final 8 will take place in Bologna, Italy from 24-29 November.
A total of 14 teams will compete in seven home-or-away ties, with the seven winners joining Italy in the Final 8.
Italy was crowned Davis Cup champion for the third consecutive year in 2025 after defeating Spain in the final.
#CA2025
#SPORTS
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A total of 14 teams will compete in seven home-or-away ties, with the seven winners joining Italy in the Final 8.
Italy was crowned Davis Cup champion for the third consecutive year in 2025 after defeating Spain in the final.
#CA2025
#SPORTS
👇👇
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Ghatak UCAV = India’s indigenous stealth Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle (UCAV)
Developed by Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)
Powered by indigenously developed turbofan engine (Kaveri derivative)
#CA2026
#DEFENCE
Developed by Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)
Powered by indigenously developed turbofan engine (Kaveri derivative)
#CA2026
#DEFENCE
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Orbital AI Satellite =(Pathfinder)
• India’s 1st orbital data-centre satellite —> Pixxel + Sarvam AI partnership
• ~200 kg | Launch: 2026
• Carries data-centre grade GPUs —> AI training + inference in space
• Runs LLMs in orbit —> reduces dependence on ground cloud
• Concept: “compute in space where data is generated”—>(edge computing in space)
Orbital Data Centres — Core Idea
• Satellites acting as cloud/data centres in orbit
• Powered by continuous solar energy
• Enable real-time processing (edge computing in space)
Why Needed
• AI —> huge energy demand (data centres crisis)
• Space —> unlimited solar + natural cooling
• Reduces latency (no need to send data to Earth)
• Avoids land, water, regulation constraints
Link concept:- https://t.me/bpscweb/42070
TERAFAB Project:- https://t.me/bpscweb/42071
#CA2026
#SPACE
• India’s 1st orbital data-centre satellite —> Pixxel + Sarvam AI partnership
• ~200 kg | Launch: 2026
• Carries data-centre grade GPUs —> AI training + inference in space
• Runs LLMs in orbit —> reduces dependence on ground cloud
• Concept: “compute in space where data is generated”—>(edge computing in space)
Orbital Data Centres — Core Idea
• Satellites acting as cloud/data centres in orbit
• Powered by continuous solar energy
• Enable real-time processing (edge computing in space)
Why Needed
• AI —> huge energy demand (data centres crisis)
• Space —> unlimited solar + natural cooling
• Reduces latency (no need to send data to Earth)
• Avoids land, water, regulation constraints
Link concept:- https://t.me/bpscweb/42070
TERAFAB Project:- https://t.me/bpscweb/42071
#CA2026
#SPACE
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Satellite communication/Internet players in India
Link concept:-
https://t.me/bpscweb/37988
https://t.me/bpscweb/37358
https://t.me/bpscweb/34749
#CA2026
Link concept:-
https://t.me/bpscweb/37988
https://t.me/bpscweb/37358
https://t.me/bpscweb/34749
#CA2026