PAI (2.0) uses 150+ parameters and 230 data points aligned with SDGs to assess Gram Panchayat performance, enabling data-driven planning and prioritisation.
Improving transparency & accountability:
Provides a measurable framework for performance monitoring, helping states identify gaps, target low-performing sectors, and ensure accountable local governance.
Link: https://t.me/civils_web/13451
#GS2mains
Improving transparency & accountability:
Provides a measurable framework for performance monitoring, helping states identify gaps, target low-performing sectors, and ensure accountable local governance.
Link: https://t.me/civils_web/13451
#GS2mains
PAI score of best panchayat in state(Bihar):- Telcup(Block-Rohtas, District- Rohtas)
PAI 2.0–> Can guide Bihar in strengthening grassroots institutions by improving service delivery (health, water, infrastructure) and enabling targeted interventions in weaker panchayats.
#GS2mains
#BIHARspecial
PAI 2.0–> Can guide Bihar in strengthening grassroots institutions by improving service delivery (health, water, infrastructure) and enabling targeted interventions in weaker panchayats.
#GS2mains
#BIHARspecial
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UAE walks out of OPEC & OPEC+
OPEC vs OPEC+
Nature of grouping:
OPEC -–> Formal organization of oil-exporting countries
OPEC+ -–>Informal alliance of OPEC + additional major producers
Members:
OPEC -–> 13 member countries (mainly West Asia, Africa, Latin America)
OPEC+ -–> OPEC members + non-OPEC countries like Russia, Kazakhstan, Mexico
Purpose:
OPEC -–> Coordinate petroleum policies and stabilize oil prices
OPEC+ -–> Broader coordination to control global oil supply and manage price volatility
Formation:
OPEC -–> Founded in 1960 (Baghdad Conference)
OPEC+ -–> Emerged in 2016 (after oil price crash for joint production cuts)
Control/Influence:
OPEC -–> Limited share of global production today
OPEC+ -–> Controls ~40–50% of global oil supply → stronger market influence
#CA2026
OPEC vs OPEC+
Nature of grouping:
OPEC -–> Formal organization of oil-exporting countries
OPEC+ -–>Informal alliance of OPEC + additional major producers
Members:
OPEC -–> 13 member countries (mainly West Asia, Africa, Latin America)
OPEC+ -–> OPEC members + non-OPEC countries like Russia, Kazakhstan, Mexico
Purpose:
OPEC -–> Coordinate petroleum policies and stabilize oil prices
OPEC+ -–> Broader coordination to control global oil supply and manage price volatility
Formation:
OPEC -–> Founded in 1960 (Baghdad Conference)
OPEC+ -–> Emerged in 2016 (after oil price crash for joint production cuts)
Control/Influence:
OPEC -–> Limited share of global production today
OPEC+ -–> Controls ~40–50% of global oil supply → stronger market influence
#CA2026
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Why Kosi Channel needed: Heavy silt deposition in Kosi raises riverbed, diverts flow towards embankments, increasing flood and breach risk in north Bihar.
Benefit: The pilot channel diverts excess flow, reduces pressure on embankments, and maintains smoother river flow, thereby minimising flood risk during monsoon.
—>Proposed high dam on Kosi in Nepal aims for permanent flood control, but remains stalled due to India–Nepal disagreements on cost, benefits, and rehabilitation issues.
—>Seismic risks, environmental concerns, and political delays have further slowed progress.
—>As a result, Bihar continues to rely on temporary flood-management measures instead of a long-term solution.
#GS2mains
Benefit: The pilot channel diverts excess flow, reduces pressure on embankments, and maintains smoother river flow, thereby minimising flood risk during monsoon.
—>Proposed high dam on Kosi in Nepal aims for permanent flood control, but remains stalled due to India–Nepal disagreements on cost, benefits, and rehabilitation issues.
—>Seismic risks, environmental concerns, and political delays have further slowed progress.
—>As a result, Bihar continues to rely on temporary flood-management measures instead of a long-term solution.
#GS2mains
1. Three Ganga Path Projects (Bihar):
• Ganga Amrit Path —> Bidupur to Dighwara (≈56 km)
• Narayani Path —> Darihara (Saran) to Dumariya Ghat (Gopalganj) (≈73.51 km)
• Vishwamitra Path —> Buxar – Ara – Maner (≈90 km)
• All part of North Ganga Path; to be executed on PPP model (DBFOT) by BSRDCL
2. Education Sector Scheme:
• Unnat Shiksha – Ujjwal Bhavishya Scheme
• Aim: One model school (Adarsh Vidyalaya) in each block
3. 2025–30 Target (Education):
• Under 7-Nischay (2025–30) framework
• Upgradation of government schools into “centres of excellence”
Key components:
• Modern science & computer laboratories
• Smart classrooms
• Standardised academic + co-curricular curriculum
• Defined criteria for teacher & student selection
• Aim: Bring govt schools at par with national standards
#BIHARspecial
#GS2mains
• Ganga Amrit Path —> Bidupur to Dighwara (≈56 km)
• Narayani Path —> Darihara (Saran) to Dumariya Ghat (Gopalganj) (≈73.51 km)
• Vishwamitra Path —> Buxar – Ara – Maner (≈90 km)
• All part of North Ganga Path; to be executed on PPP model (DBFOT) by BSRDCL
2. Education Sector Scheme:
• Unnat Shiksha – Ujjwal Bhavishya Scheme
• Aim: One model school (Adarsh Vidyalaya) in each block
3. 2025–30 Target (Education):
• Under 7-Nischay (2025–30) framework
• Upgradation of government schools into “centres of excellence”
Key components:
• Modern science & computer laboratories
• Smart classrooms
• Standardised academic + co-curricular curriculum
• Defined criteria for teacher & student selection
• Aim: Bring govt schools at par with national standards
#BIHARspecial
#GS2mains
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Fundamentals_of_Physical_Geography_annotated_&_Value_added.pdf
122.1 MB
Fundamentals_of_Physical_Geography_annotated_&_Value_added.pdf