1. Planets 🪐 are much closer to earth wrt stars so they appear larger in size. Planets are like collection of point sources of light ( bunch of light). We receive bunch of light thus the variation go un-noticed.

2. Stars are much farther therefore the light rays undergo multiple refractions compared to light coming from planets( small refractions)

First-ever Children’s Booker Prize jury (2027) includes Indian-origin Sanchita Basu De Sarkar; award for 8–12 children’s literature, prize £50,000, first award in Feb 2027.

#CA2026
#FIRST
#AWARD

India signs its first commercial coal mine deals with UCG provision, enabling in-situ conversion of coal into synthetic gas and boosting cleaner utilisation of deep, unmineable reserves.

Link for more detailed post: https://t.me/civils_web/13458

#CA2026
#FIRST

PAI (2.0) uses 150+ parameters and 230 data points aligned with SDGs to assess Gram Panchayat performance, enabling data-driven planning and prioritisation.

Improving transparency & accountability:
Provides a measurable framework for performance monitoring, helping states identify gaps, target low-performing sectors, and ensure accountable local governance.

Link: https://t.me/civils_web/13451

#GS2mains

PAI score of best panchayat in state(Bihar):- Telcup(Block-Rohtas, District- Rohtas)

PAI 2.0–> Can guide Bihar in strengthening grassroots institutions by improving service delivery (health, water, infrastructure) and enabling targeted interventions in weaker panchayats.

#GS2mains
#BIHARspecial

UAE walks out of OPEC & OPEC+

OPEC vs OPEC+

Nature of grouping:
OPEC -–> Formal organization of oil-exporting countries
OPEC+ -–>Informal alliance of OPEC + additional major producers

Members:
OPEC -–> 13 member countries (mainly West Asia, Africa, Latin America)
OPEC+ -–> OPEC members + non-OPEC countries like Russia, Kazakhstan, Mexico

Purpose:
OPEC -–> Coordinate petroleum policies and stabilize oil prices
OPEC+ -–> Broader coordination to control global oil supply and manage price volatility

Formation:
OPEC -–> Founded in 1960 (Baghdad Conference)
OPEC+ -–> Emerged in 2016 (after oil price crash for joint production cuts)

Control/Influence:
OPEC -–> Limited share of global production today
OPEC+ -–> Controls ~40–50% of global oil supply → stronger market influence

#CA2026

The forgotten city of Kirmila located the district of Lakhisarai, Bihar State.

#BIHARspecial