#prelims

https://t.me/bpscweb/32986

https://t.me/bpscweb/31961

INTERLINK PYQ 2022 = TEA BOARD OF INDIA 👇 👇

https://t.me/civils_web/13102

TEA BOARD OF INDIA

Nyāya
• Founder: Gautama (Nyāya Sūtra)
• Meaning: “Method of logical thinking”
• Idea: Use logic and reasoning to find truth
• Goal: Remove ignorance —> gain correct knowledge —> liberation(Moksha)
• Example:
“There is fire on the hill because there is smoke” (basic reasoning)


Navya-Nyāya
• Period: ~13th century onward
• Founder: Gaṅgeśa Upādhyāya(Core text: Tattva Chintāmaṇi)
• Meaning: “New / advanced logic”
• Idea: Make logic more precise and technical
• Focus: Exact meaning of words, relations, and reasoning
• Developed in: Mithila (Bihar) and Navadvipa (Bengal)

#BIHARspecial

Significant step for the Maithili language's promotion.

#GS1mains
#BIHARspecial

• Nation-State = Institutional strength
• Civilisational State = Civilisational depth + continuity

A nation-state governs a territory, but a civilisational state binds a people across time.

India as Civilisational State:-
• Concept of Bharatvarsha in ancient texts
• Cultural unity despite:
• Linguistic diversity
• Political fragmentation
• Traditions like:
• Pilgrimage circuits (Char Dham)
• Shared epics (Ramayana, Mahabharata)

#ESSAY
#GS2mains