GST cuts + income tax relief to boost demand.
• GST structure simplified (5%, 18%, 40% slabs).
• ₹1 lakh crore left with middle class; revenue loss ₹48,000 crore.
• Govt bets on higher consumption —> investment revival —> higher tax collections.
• Risks: rising fiscal deficit, inflation, weak external sector.
• RBI must cut rates to support demand.
• Goal: sustain >7% GDP growth with fiscal prudence + structural reforms.
#GS1mains
• GST structure simplified (5%, 18%, 40% slabs).
• ₹1 lakh crore left with middle class; revenue loss ₹48,000 crore.
• Govt bets on higher consumption —> investment revival —> higher tax collections.
• Risks: rising fiscal deficit, inflation, weak external sector.
• RBI must cut rates to support demand.
• Goal: sustain >7% GDP growth with fiscal prudence + structural reforms.
#GS1mains
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Inverted Duty Structure (IDS)
Definition:
• Occurs when input taxes exceed taxes on finished goods, causing Input Tax Credit accumulation.
Issues:
• Blocks working capital, burdens MSMEs, reduces competitiveness.
Sectors Affected:
• Fertiliser industry (corrected under reforms).
• Textile sector: man-made fabrics face IDS, while handloom fabrics exempt.
Recent Reforms:
• Shift inversion to later manufacturing stages (chemical —> textile).
• Streamlined refund process to ease liquidity stress.
#GS1mains
Definition:
• Occurs when input taxes exceed taxes on finished goods, causing Input Tax Credit accumulation.
Issues:
• Blocks working capital, burdens MSMEs, reduces competitiveness.
Sectors Affected:
• Fertiliser industry (corrected under reforms).
• Textile sector: man-made fabrics face IDS, while handloom fabrics exempt.
Recent Reforms:
• Shift inversion to later manufacturing stages (chemical —> textile).
• Streamlined refund process to ease liquidity stress.
#GS1mains
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• GST Rate Rationalisation: India will move towards one GST rate eventually, but multiple rates remain due to revenue needs.
• Consumer Focus: Government priority is ensuring benefit of tax rate cuts reaches consumers; earlier this was monitored by NAA(National Anti-Profiteering Authority ), now gap exists.
With the closure of NAA from April 2025, a gap has emerged in ensuring GST rate cuts reach consumers. Its absence weakens monitoring of profiteering, making tax benefits harder to transmit. This risks eroding consumer welfare and diluting the credibility of GST reforms.
#GS1mains
• Consumer Focus: Government priority is ensuring benefit of tax rate cuts reaches consumers; earlier this was monitored by NAA(National Anti-Profiteering Authority ), now gap exists.
With the closure of NAA from April 2025, a gap has emerged in ensuring GST rate cuts reach consumers. Its absence weakens monitoring of profiteering, making tax benefits harder to transmit. This risks eroding consumer welfare and diluting the credibility of GST reforms.
#GS1mains
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Women in Judiciary – Key Facts & Issues
1. SC strength: 34 judges, only 1 woman – Justice BV Nagarathna.
2. Last women appointment to SC: Aug 31, 2021 (Kohli, Trivedi, Nagarathna).
3. High Courts (2025): 779 judges, only 105 women (~13.5%).
4. Best performing HCs: Telangana (33%), Sikkim (33.3%), Manipur (25%).
5. Worst: Meghalaya, Tripura, Uttarakhand – no women judges (2025).
6. First woman judge in India: Anna Chandy, 1937, Kerala District Court.
7. Women face bias & double standards (e.g., Sunanda Bhandare rejected at 42 as “too young”).
8. Representation improves diversity, empathy & legitimacy in judgments.
9. Key gender issues before SC: marital rape, marriage equality, women’s rights.
10. Reforms: quota system, institutional mandate, substantive representation
#GS2mains
Building interlinkages :
https://t.me/civils_web/6859
https://t.me/civils_web/6860
1. SC strength: 34 judges, only 1 woman – Justice BV Nagarathna.
2. Last women appointment to SC: Aug 31, 2021 (Kohli, Trivedi, Nagarathna).
3. High Courts (2025): 779 judges, only 105 women (~13.5%).
4. Best performing HCs: Telangana (33%), Sikkim (33.3%), Manipur (25%).
5. Worst: Meghalaya, Tripura, Uttarakhand – no women judges (2025).
6. First woman judge in India: Anna Chandy, 1937, Kerala District Court.
7. Women face bias & double standards (e.g., Sunanda Bhandare rejected at 42 as “too young”).
8. Representation improves diversity, empathy & legitimacy in judgments.
9. Key gender issues before SC: marital rape, marriage equality, women’s rights.
10. Reforms: quota system, institutional mandate, substantive representation
#GS2mains
Building interlinkages :
https://t.me/civils_web/6859
https://t.me/civils_web/6860
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Forwarded from 🕸️BPSC WEB🕸️ (ASHUTOSH Ranjan)
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The roundleaf sundew takes the term "sticky situation" to a whole new level.
Day 2 Polity notes.pdf
1.3 MB
Also watch the explainer videos along
Link to Playlist: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLxI4P40AIh--IDeLDdGvFWrf_CXAH1G0q&si=-EQ4dpANuoaZcXm9
Link to Playlist: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLxI4P40AIh--IDeLDdGvFWrf_CXAH1G0q&si=-EQ4dpANuoaZcXm9
MOSPI TIME USE SURVEY
Female Participation: 84% of females participated in unpaid activities
Time Disparity: Females spent 137 minutes daily vs males at 75 minutes
LFPR Impact: Female Labour Force Participation Rate remains low at 33.7%
Understanding 'Time Poverty':
Concept: Unpaid care work creates barriers preventing women from accessing better job opportunities
Economic Impact: Correlates with decreased economic participation for women
Skills Development: Limits ability to develop market-relevant skills
Female Participation: 84% of females participated in unpaid activities
Time Disparity: Females spent 137 minutes daily vs males at 75 minutes
LFPR Impact: Female Labour Force Participation Rate remains low at 33.7%
Understanding 'Time Poverty':
Concept: Unpaid care work creates barriers preventing women from accessing better job opportunities
Economic Impact: Correlates with decreased economic participation for women
Skills Development: Limits ability to develop market-relevant skills
🔥2
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Meet Rukhmabai Raut (1864–1955) — the first Hindu woman to secure a legal divorce, a fearless voice who stood up to child marriage, and one of India’s earliest women doctors.
Married at 11 to a 19 yr old, she refused to move in with him.
She chose her mother’s home, her studies, and her dignity.
In 1884, he took her to court for “restitution of conjugal rights.”
Rukhmabai said she would rather go to prison than live a life she did not choose.
The case set the country talking.
Courts, newspapers, public meetings—everyone had an opinion.
After years of battle, the marriage was formally dissolved.
The storm it created helped push reform, informing the Age of Consent Act, 1891.
Supporters enabled her to study medicine in England.
By 1894, she returned as a qualified doctor— serving as Chief Medical Officer in Surat and later Rajkot helping build institutions including a local Red Cross.
She kept working for women’s edu, for the right to choose,
for a future where girls would not have to fight the same fight.
Married at 11 to a 19 yr old, she refused to move in with him.
She chose her mother’s home, her studies, and her dignity.
In 1884, he took her to court for “restitution of conjugal rights.”
Rukhmabai said she would rather go to prison than live a life she did not choose.
The case set the country talking.
Courts, newspapers, public meetings—everyone had an opinion.
After years of battle, the marriage was formally dissolved.
The storm it created helped push reform, informing the Age of Consent Act, 1891.
Supporters enabled her to study medicine in England.
By 1894, she returned as a qualified doctor— serving as Chief Medical Officer in Surat and later Rajkot helping build institutions including a local Red Cross.
She kept working for women’s edu, for the right to choose,
for a future where girls would not have to fight the same fight.
❤3
Press Release_Press Information Bureau (13).pdf
308.7 KB
Children in India 2025 Report Released
Why in Focus?
✅ MoSPI released the 4th edition of Children in India 2025 during the 29th CoCSSO Conference in Chandigarh .
📍 Key Highlights:
✅ Infant Mortality Rate dropped from 44 (2011) to 25 (2023).
✅ Dropout rate fell from 13.8% (2022-23) to 8.2% (2024-25).
✅ Child marriage (women married before 18) reduced from 26.8% (2015-16) to 23.3% (2019-21).
✅ Adoptions rose from 3,927 (2017-18) to 4,515 (2024-25) .
Why in Focus?
✅ MoSPI released the 4th edition of Children in India 2025 during the 29th CoCSSO Conference in Chandigarh .
📍 Key Highlights:
✅ Infant Mortality Rate dropped from 44 (2011) to 25 (2023).
✅ Dropout rate fell from 13.8% (2022-23) to 8.2% (2024-25).
✅ Child marriage (women married before 18) reduced from 26.8% (2015-16) to 23.3% (2019-21).
✅ Adoptions rose from 3,927 (2017-18) to 4,515 (2024-25) .
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🕸️BPSC WEB🕸️
https://youtu.be/cC8pQPkAK9M?si=Ry1omPxulLGvCfeP
“No matter how dense the jungle is, the tigress always finds her way"
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