institutional relationship pm and president.pdf
3.2 MB
Institutional relationship between President and PM
BPSC_polity.pdf
11.3 MB
“Indian federalism is fundamentally rooted in two simultaneous pursuits of nationhood: an embrace of state-based
cultural diversities and a commitment to the larger Indian political community”.Examine critically the nature of Indian
model of federalism in the light of the above statement.
cultural diversities and a commitment to the larger Indian political community”.Examine critically the nature of Indian
model of federalism in the light of the above statement.
Day 7 (Indian parliament not sovereign).pdf
7.8 MB
Parliamentary sovereignty
sonal.pdf.12 mAy 2024 (1).pdf
5 MB
Essay PYQ
ANER DHUNER KE RAAM RAKWAAR
ANER DHUNER KE RAAM RAKWAAR
Abhishek Sharma retained his ICC number one ranking, and reached 931 rating points in the standings. No player has reached that mark before
#CA2025
#CA2025
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During the Emergency (1975–77), ADM Jabalpur (1976) upheld suspension of Article 21, denying habeas corpus, with Justice HR Khanna’s lone dissent affirming liberty. It symbolised judicial surrender to executive power. In Justice KS Puttaswamy (2017), a 9-judge Bench overruled ADM Jabalpur, MP Sharma (1954) and Kharak Singh (1962), declaring Right to Privacy intrinsic to life and liberty under Articles 14, 19, 21. It laid constitutional foundations for autonomy, dignity, and data protection in the digital age.
The Court said Right to Privacy = Part of the “Golden Triangle” of the Constitution:
• Article 14 —> Right to Equality
• Article 19 —> Freedoms of Citizens
• Article 21 —> Right to Life & Personal Liberty
#GS2mains
The Court said Right to Privacy = Part of the “Golden Triangle” of the Constitution:
• Article 14 —> Right to Equality
• Article 19 —> Freedoms of Citizens
• Article 21 —> Right to Life & Personal Liberty
#GS2mains
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Where to use Justice H.R. Khanna in Essay Writing
1. Essay on Democracy & Liberty
• “No democracy can survive if judiciary bows to executive pressure.”
• Khanna’s lone dissent in ADM Jabalpur (1976) defending liberty shows that constitutional values must stand even in crisis.
2. Essay on Role of Judiciary in Democracy
• Use him as a contrast: Majority surrendered in ADM Jabalpur —> Khanna upheld individual liberty.
• Shows how one judge’s courage can shape the moral legacy of a Constitution.
3. Essay on Ethics & Integrity in Public Life
• He sacrificed his chance to become Chief Justice (was superseded) but upheld truth.
• Example of ethical leadership and duty to Constitution above personal gain.
Best way to use him:
• As an anecdotal opening (to start essay with a powerful story).
• As a case study in body (while discussing liberty/judiciary).
• As a concluding moral lesson (that courage of conviction safeguards democracy).
#ESSAY
1. Essay on Democracy & Liberty
• “No democracy can survive if judiciary bows to executive pressure.”
• Khanna’s lone dissent in ADM Jabalpur (1976) defending liberty shows that constitutional values must stand even in crisis.
2. Essay on Role of Judiciary in Democracy
• Use him as a contrast: Majority surrendered in ADM Jabalpur —> Khanna upheld individual liberty.
• Shows how one judge’s courage can shape the moral legacy of a Constitution.
3. Essay on Ethics & Integrity in Public Life
• He sacrificed his chance to become Chief Justice (was superseded) but upheld truth.
• Example of ethical leadership and duty to Constitution above personal gain.
Best way to use him:
• As an anecdotal opening (to start essay with a powerful story).
• As a case study in body (while discussing liberty/judiciary).
• As a concluding moral lesson (that courage of conviction safeguards democracy).
#ESSAY
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• Global Governance Initiative(GGI) = Equality + UN authority + practical cooperation + anti-double-standards + anti-decoupling.
• SCO remit expanding: security
—>development, connectivity, education, innovation.
• Shanghai Spirit = trust, benefit, equality, consultation, civilizational respect, common development.
• China–India line: manage differences, deepen cooperation, leverage anniversary for stable ties.
• SCO remit expanding: security
—>development, connectivity, education, innovation.
• Shanghai Spirit = trust, benefit, equality, consultation, civilizational respect, common development.
• China–India line: manage differences, deepen cooperation, leverage anniversary for stable ties.
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Mission Sudarshan Chakra –
1. Context & Need – Aimed for operationalisation by 2035, it envisions a multi-layered air defence system blending legacy and modern platforms to counter drones, missiles, and stand-off aerial threats amidst evolving warfare (Ukraine war, proxy conflicts, terror outfits).
2. Framework – Integration of short, medium, and long-range systems; mix of legacy (Pechora, OSA-AK, Akashteer) and modern (S-400, SPYDER, Igla MANPADS) weapons; focus on cost-effectiveness and graduated procurement without abrupt system replacement.
3. Lessons & Challenges – Operation Sindoor showed effective integration of old and new; global lessons (e.g., Iran’s over-reliance on drones) highlight risks of focusing only on one technology. Challenges include cost, indigenisation, seamless integration, and fast-evolving drone/AI threats.
#GS1mains
1. Context & Need – Aimed for operationalisation by 2035, it envisions a multi-layered air defence system blending legacy and modern platforms to counter drones, missiles, and stand-off aerial threats amidst evolving warfare (Ukraine war, proxy conflicts, terror outfits).
2. Framework – Integration of short, medium, and long-range systems; mix of legacy (Pechora, OSA-AK, Akashteer) and modern (S-400, SPYDER, Igla MANPADS) weapons; focus on cost-effectiveness and graduated procurement without abrupt system replacement.
3. Lessons & Challenges – Operation Sindoor showed effective integration of old and new; global lessons (e.g., Iran’s over-reliance on drones) highlight risks of focusing only on one technology. Challenges include cost, indigenisation, seamless integration, and fast-evolving drone/AI threats.
#GS1mains
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