What is PSLV?

✅PSLV = Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle,originally designed to launch satellites into sun-synchronous polar orbits (SSPO).

= It is a four-stage rocket with sequentially firing engines, shedding stages to reduce weight during ascent.

Technical specifications:

✅First stage: Uses HTPB (hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene) fuel, peak thrust ~4.8 MN; XL version adds 6 strap-on boosters for extra thrust.

✅Second stage: Powered by Vikas engine using unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (fuel) and nitrogen tetroxide (oxidiser), thrust ~0.8 MN.
✅Third stage: Uses HTPB fuel again.
✅Fourth stage: Uses monomethylhydrazine and mixed oxides of nitrogen with two engines.

Chagos Islands

UK's decision to hand over the sovereignty of Chagos Islands including tropical atoll of Diego Garcia to Mauritius under a historic deal.

The UK is giving up the rights of the islands after more than 50 years.

Under the agreement, the UK will have full responsibility for security of strategically-located Diego Garcia.

Whalebone : World’s Oldest Whalebone Industry Discovered

🕸Researchers studied 173 whalebone tools from Magdalenian caves near the Bay of Biscay.

CA COURSE

Our CA MAGAZINE

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The US State Department designated the Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA) and its alias, The Majeed Brigade, as a Foreign Terrorist Organisation (FTO).

1. AITIGA ?

2. Chair of ASEAN 2025 : MALAYSIA

AGRICULTURE TRADE

2024-2025

MARINE > BASMATI > NON BASMATI> SPICES

Faith Kipyegon, the Kenyan middle-distance runner set the 3:48.68 women’s 1,500m world record at the Diamond League – Prefontaine Classic in Eugene.

In-Space – Key Facts:-
• Full Form: Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Centre.
• Nature: Autonomous nodal agency under the Department of Space (Govt. of India).
• Headquarters: Ahmedabad, Gujarat.
• Established: 2020 (announced by Govt. to promote private sector participation in space).
• Current Chairman: Pawan Goenka.

• Recent Initiative (July 2025): Short-term skill course on “Space Technology in Agriculture” with Vignan University.


Examples of Indian Private Space Startups
• Skyroot Aerospace – Hyderabad-based.
• Bellatrix Aerospace – Bengaluru-based.
• Digantara Research and Technologies – Bengaluru-based.

Rohit Benediction became the first Indian to go under 24 seconds in the 50m butterfly, clocking 23.96 seconds at the World University Games in Germany.