Our white blood cells create hypochlorous acid from sodium chloride in the bloodstream to fight off any invasive bacteria.

Consider the following statements regarding the purification of water;

[JKPSC Pre 2022] #science

1. Chlorine kills pathogenic bacteria but it does not affect spores and hepatitis and jaundice viruses.

2. Ozone removes all chlorine and inactivates viruses very quickly.

Both statements are TRUE

In normal situations, dosage of chlorine in water is such a way that residual chlorine of 0.2 mg/l is left. However, in case of ebidemic, chlorination is done in such a way at residual chlorine of     
1 to 2 mg/l is left in water before sending in water in distribution network. This process is called super chlorination and it is done so that bacteria produced at later stages can be easily killed by residual chlorine in water.


Super-chlorination is most commonly used when water has very high bacteria content and generally comes from river sources or where some form of heavy pollution or epidemic has occurred. The general dosage of super chlorination is in the range of 5 to 50 mg/l


However, the spore forming bacteria cannot be killed by chlorination. It can be done by a process called STERILIZATION which destroys spores and bacteria. Both it is done at high temperature and under high-pressure.

Which one of the following statements is not correct?

A. Hepatitis B virus is transmitted much like HIV.

B. Hepatitis B, unlike Hepatitis C, does not have a vaccine.

C. Globally, the number of people infected with Hepatitis B and C viruses arc several times more than those infected with HIV.

D. Some of those infected with Hepatitis B and C viruses do not show the symptoms for many years.

(CSE 2019)

#70th. BPSC

Akashteer air defence systems

• These are advanced Air Defence Control and Reporting Systems (ADCRS) which will serve as a critical asset in safeguarding the country from aerial threats, including missile and rocket attacks. 
• It is a sophisticated, integrated control and reporting system designed to neutralize enemy threats swiftly.
• The system is capable of managing all aspects of air defence for the Army, integrating multiple radar systems, sensors, and communication technologies into a single operational framework.
• It provides a real-time battlefield view, allowing military personnel to detect, track, and engage aerial threats such as incoming missiles or enemy aircraft.
• It brings together various surveillance assets, radar systems, and communication nodes, enabling precise coordination of air defence operations.
• It is suitable for a wide range of operational environments. 
• It is developed by Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL).


https://www.financialexpress.com/business/defence-indias-air-defence-strengthens-with-akashteer-systems-for-the-army-3629848/

The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has begun the process of formulating a National Agriculture Code (NAC), on the lines of the existing National Building Code and National Electrical Code. 
• It will cover the entire agriculture cycle, and will also contain a guidance note for future standardisation.
• The code will have two parts. The first will contain general principles for all crops, and the second will deal with crop-specific standards for the likes of paddy, wheat, oilseeds, and pulses.
• The NAC will serve as a guide for farmers, agriculture universities, and officials involved in the field.
• It will cover all agriculture processes and post-harvest operations, such as crop selection, land preparation, sowing/transplanting, irrigation/drainage, soil health management, plant health management, harvesting/threshing, primary processing, post-harvest, sustainability, and record maintenance.
• It will also include standards for input management, like use of chemical fertilisers, pesticides, and weedicides, as well as standards for crop storage and traceability.
• Crucially, the NAC will cover all new and emerging areas like natural farming and organic farming, as well as the use of Internet-of-Things in the field of agriculture.

https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/national-agriculture-code-bureau-of-indian-standards-9603867/