Aeon > Era > Period > Epoch > Age.

✅Currently we are living in the Phanerozoic aeon, the Cenozoic era, the Quaternary period, the Holocene epoch and the Meghalayan age.

✅The Holocene epoch began some 11,700 years ago, at the end of the Last Glacial Period. With the Holocene, the Earth warmed, corresponding closely with the proliferation of human beings.

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AWARDS IN NEWS

✅BHARAT RATNA WINNERS- 2024
👉Chaudhary Charan Singh
👉PV NarsinhaRao
👉L.K.Advani
👉Karpoori Thakur
👉M.S. Swaminathan

✅The winners are entitled to diplomatic Passport.

✅7A in the Table of Precedence

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AWARDS IN NEWS

✅Jnanpith Award,2024 awarded to
👉Gulzar(Urdu)
👉Rambhadracharya(Sanskrit)

✅Highest Literary award in India
👉Cash Prize- 11 lakhs
👉A bronze replica of Goddess Saraswati
👉exclusive for Indian citizens
👉Not awarded posthumously

🕸NOT given by the Government but by a NGO- Bhartiya Jnanpith

OTHER AWARDS BY Bhartiya Jnanpith-
●Navlekhan Award
●Moortidevi Award

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HEATWAVES

✅IMD CRITETIA for declaring a Heatwave
👉Heat wave is considered if the maximum temperature of a station reaches at least 40°C or more for Plains and at least 30°C or more for Hilly regions.

👉Based on Departure from Normal:
●Heat Wave: Departure from normal is 4.5°C to 6.4°C.
●Severe Heat Wave: Departure from normal is >6.4°C.

👉Based on Actual Maximum Temperature:
●Heat Wave: When actual maximum temperature ≥ 45°C.
●Severe Heat Wave: When actual maximum temperature ≥47°C

✅Categorization of Heat Levels based on Heat Index -
👉Green: Experimental heat Index less than 35°C.
👉Yellow: Experimental heat Index in the range 36-45°C.
👉Orange: Experimental heat Index in the range 46-55°C.
👉Red: Experimental heat Index greater than 55°C.

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✅The Supreme Court endorsed the powers of the Directorate of Enforcement (ED), saying the Central agency could call “anybody for any information”.

✅Nodal Ministry: Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance

✅Objective to enforce-
👉Foreign Exchange Management Act,1999
👉Prevention of Money laundering Act ,2002
👉Fugitive Economic offenders Act,2018

✅Sections of PMLA
👉Sections 48 & 49 of the PMLA empower the ED officers to investigate cases of Money Laundering.
👉Section 50 (2) of the PMLA empowered the ED to summon “any person”
👉Section 50 (3) mandated that the individual summoned was “bound to attend in person or through authorised agents”

✅However, the Supreme Court clarified that ED officials were not equivalent to police officers and could not make arrests under the PMLA.

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CBI

✅It provides assistance to the Central Vigilance Commission and Lokpal.

✅It functions under the superintendence of the Deptt. of Personnel, Ministry of Personnel, Pension & Public Grievances, Government of India.

✅The CBI is not a statutory body but derives its power to investigate from the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act, 1946.

✅The establishment of the CBI was recommended by the Santhanam Committee on Prevention of Corruption (1962–1964).

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ZERO FIR

✅An FIR that can be registered at any police station, regardless of its jurisdiction, upon receiving a complaint related to a cognizable offence.
✅After Nirbhaya case in 2012 , the Justice Verma Committee proposed the Zero FIR system
✅Section 173(1) of Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) provides for Zero FIR.
✅Section 173 of BNSS mandates that the FIR be transferred to the station which would have jurisdiction over the place where the crime was committed, within 15 days.
✅Section 154 of CrPc also provided for Zero FIR.

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Types of Plastics.

🕸Source: NITI Aayog report.

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#Sports

✅Mascot- Phyrgian Cap

✅INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE
👉With very few exceptions, there is only one member from any one country.
👉Executive Board- meets four times a year
👉HQ- Switzerland

✅Olympic Rings:
The Olympic symbol consists of five interlocking rings of different colors (blue, yellow, black, green, and red) on a white background.
👉These rings represent the five continents of the world and symbolize the unity and diversity of nations through sports.

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#Sports

✅Bopanna and Ebden defeated the sixth-seeded Argentinian duo of Máximo González and Andrés Molteni in the quarterfinals.

✅Bopanna is set to break the record established by USA’s Rajeev Ram, becoming the oldest player to achieve the World No. 1 ranking.

✅Bopanna is the fourth Indian, following in the footsteps of Leander Paes, Mahesh Bhupathi, and Sania Mirza, to attain the top spot in the world doubles rankings.

✅Sumit Nagal, by defeating Kazakhstan's Alexander Bublik in the opening round of the Australian Open became the first Indian since 1989 to defeat a seeded player at a Grand Slam, following Ramesh Krishnan's victory over Mats Wilander at the Australian Open.

✅✅Grand Slam tournaments, also called majors, are the four most important annual tennis events.
The Grand Slam itinerary consists of
👉Yhe Australian Open in mid-January,
👉The French Open from around late May to early June,
👉Wimbledon in June–July, and
👉The US Open in August–September.

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AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED ACTIVITIES

✅AGRICULTURE EXPORTS
👉Net-exporter of agri-products since last 30years
👉Global Share of agri-trade - 2.5% (10th position)


✅MILK PRODUCTION CONSISTENTLY INCREASED OVER LAST 7 YEARS.
👉India- 1st largest global producer of MILK

✅FISHERIES
👉India- 3rd largest producer
👉4th largest exporter
👉Inland Fisheries(75%) > Marine Fisheries (25%)

✅MILLETS
👉5th Largest Exporter
👉Higher yield than global average

✅GLOBAL RANKINGS OF INDIA(production)
👉Wheat- 2nd
👉Rice- 2nd
👉Fruits & Vegetables- 2nd
👉Cotton,Jute,Tea ,Sugarcane- 2nd
👉Pulses- 1st
👉Spices-1st

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✅INDIA is The 6th Largest FOREX HOLDER of the World.
✅The Average FDI Inflow in India has remained less than 5% of India's GDP since last decade
👉Largest source of FDI- Mauritius(26%) > Singapore(23%)

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✅India has been the Largest Receiver of Remittances IN ABSOLUTE NUMBERS since 2008

✅LARGEST Receiver of Remittances as % of GDP - TAJIKISTAN (51%) > TONGA(44%)

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✅CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT as % of GDP- - Fluctuating Trend in last 5 years
●2.2% of global exports
●2.7% of global imports

✅INDIA'S RANKING
👉Merchandise Exports- 18
👉Merchandise Imports- 9
👉Service Exports -7
👉Service Imports- 9

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✅ TRENDS IN PUBLIC DEBT as part of GDP.
👉INTERNAL DEBT- 95% of Public DEBT
👉EXTERNAL DEBT- 5% of Public DEBT

✅EXTERNAL DEBT
👉GOVT (20%) & PVT (80%)
👉Short term (20%) & Long term (80%)

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#AjitDoval has been re-appointed as India's national security advisor. The appointments committee of the cabinet also re-appointed #PKMishra as the Principal Secretary to Prime Minister

✅Vaikom, a temple town in the princely state of Travancore, saw the start of a non-violent agitation on March 30, 1924 — the first among temple entry movements that would soon sweep across the country.

— The satyagraha foregrounded social reform amidst the growing nationalist movement, bringing Gandhian methods of protest to the state of Travancore. The issue of temple entry was first raised by Ezhava leader T K Madhavan in a 1917 editorial in his paper Deshabhimani

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#History

✅RECEIPTS
👉Revenue Receipts- 60%
👉Capital Receipts- 40%

✅REVENUE RECEIPTS
👉Tax -85% ( Direct > Indirect )
● TAX to GDP Ratio- 11.1%

👉Non Tax- 15%

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✅FISCAL DEFICIT Trend - Continuosly declining over last 4 years .

✅Fiscal Deficit Target - 4.5% by the year 2025-26.

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👉 CAPITAL EXPENDITURE(CAPEX) as % of GDP- Consistently Increased over last 5 years.

👉CAPEX in absolute terms has also increased in last 5 years.

👉Around 15% of the total Govt. Expenditure.

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India to host 2025 FIH Hockey Men's Junior World Cup