In India, among the following locations, the Dutch established their earliest factory at (2003)
Anonymous Quiz
42%
Surat
32%
Pulicat
19%
Cochin
6%
Cossimbazar
Which one of the following was not a demand made by the Congress moderates?
Anonymous Quiz
48%
Universal adult franchise
0%
Repeal of the Arms Act
48%
Extension of Permanent Settlement
3%
Higher jobs for Indians in the army
Sapta Kranti (Seven Revolutions)
Ram Manohar Lohia gave the idea of Sapta Kranti (Seven Revolutions) for creating a new world order based on socialism in the modern world system.
The Sapta Kranti constituted:
1. The civil disobedience against violent revolutions
2. Economic equality
3. The abolition of castes
4. The emancipation of women
5. National independence
6. An end to colour discrimination
7. The individual’s freedom of thought, free of coercion from collectives of any kind.
Lohia wanted to give a new direction to the movement for socialism by giving equal emphasis to the struggles against sexism, class, and caste-based exploitations. This was a departure from the Marxist line of a class-centric programme for a socialist revolution. It also went beyond the Gandhian emphasis on a constructive programme of ending untouchability and casteism.
#BIHARspecial
Ram Manohar Lohia gave the idea of Sapta Kranti (Seven Revolutions) for creating a new world order based on socialism in the modern world system.
The Sapta Kranti constituted:
1. The civil disobedience against violent revolutions
2. Economic equality
3. The abolition of castes
4. The emancipation of women
5. National independence
6. An end to colour discrimination
7. The individual’s freedom of thought, free of coercion from collectives of any kind.
Lohia wanted to give a new direction to the movement for socialism by giving equal emphasis to the struggles against sexism, class, and caste-based exploitations. This was a departure from the Marxist line of a class-centric programme for a socialist revolution. It also went beyond the Gandhian emphasis on a constructive programme of ending untouchability and casteism.
#BIHARspecial
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The Indian Struggle 1920-42 is a two-part book by Subash Chandra Bose. It is a major analytical study of the freedom struggle from the Non-Cooperation Movement to the Quit India Movement and Mahatma Gandhi’s critical role.
Bose wrote the first part of the narrative, covering the years 1920-34, based on his memories during his exile in Vienna. Although this first part was published in London in 1935, the British government banned its distribution in India, citing concerns about its potential to incite extremism and direct action. This book played a significant role in promoting the cause of Indian Independence in Europe.
The second part, covering the years 1935-42, was written after an eight-year gap and was published by his wife, Emilie, after World War II. In the book, Netaji envisions the complete political and economic liberation of India, which he believes can only be achieved through forceful methods and the growth of mass consciousness.
#HISTORY
Bose wrote the first part of the narrative, covering the years 1920-34, based on his memories during his exile in Vienna. Although this first part was published in London in 1935, the British government banned its distribution in India, citing concerns about its potential to incite extremism and direct action. This book played a significant role in promoting the cause of Indian Independence in Europe.
The second part, covering the years 1935-42, was written after an eight-year gap and was published by his wife, Emilie, after World War II. In the book, Netaji envisions the complete political and economic liberation of India, which he believes can only be achieved through forceful methods and the growth of mass consciousness.
#HISTORY
In 1921, during which one of the following tours, Gandhiji shaved his head and began wearing loincloth in order to identify with the poor?
Anonymous Quiz
10%
Ahmadabad
20%
Champaran
20%
Chauri Chaura
50%
South India
Simla was founded as a hill station to use as a strategic place for billeting troops, guarding the frontier and launching campaigns during the course of
Anonymous Quiz
9%
Anglo-Maratha War
32%
Anglo-Burmese War
36%
Anglo-Gurkha war
23%
Anglo-Afghan War
The philosophy of the Bomb
In December 1929, Bhagawati Charan Vohra and Yashpal bombed the special train carrying the viceroy of India, Lord Irwin, however, Irwin escaped.
Gandhiji condemned this bombing in his article “The Cult of the Bomb."
In response to Gandhiji's article, a document "The philosophy of the Bomb" was written by Bhagawati Charan in consultation with Chandra Shekhar Azad and Yashpal.
#HISTORY
In December 1929, Bhagawati Charan Vohra and Yashpal bombed the special train carrying the viceroy of India, Lord Irwin, however, Irwin escaped.
Gandhiji condemned this bombing in his article “The Cult of the Bomb."
In response to Gandhiji's article, a document "The philosophy of the Bomb" was written by Bhagawati Charan in consultation with Chandra Shekhar Azad and Yashpal.
#HISTORY
Raja Rammohun Roy was born on May 22, 1772, in an orthodox Brahmin family at Radhanagar in the Hooghly District of Bengal. He is regarded as the first great leader of modern India.
Roy's agitation against the practice of Sati led to the abolition of Sati practice in 1829.
Organisations:
1. Atmiya Sabha
2. Brahmo Samaj
Education:
1. English school (1817)
2. Vedanta College (1825)
3. Hindu College: Roy helped David Hare in establishing a Hindu college in 1817.
Journals:
1. Sambad-Kaumudi
2. Mirat-Ul-Akbar
3. Banga Duta
#HISTORY
Roy's agitation against the practice of Sati led to the abolition of Sati practice in 1829.
Organisations:
1. Atmiya Sabha
2. Brahmo Samaj
Education:
1. English school (1817)
2. Vedanta College (1825)
3. Hindu College: Roy helped David Hare in establishing a Hindu college in 1817.
Journals:
1. Sambad-Kaumudi
2. Mirat-Ul-Akbar
3. Banga Duta
#HISTORY
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar (1820-1891)
In 1850, Vidyasagar became the secretary of the Bethune School and contributed to the higher education for women.
In 1851, Vidyasagar became the principal of Sanskrit College and opened its gates to non-brahmin students.
Due to his efforts, the Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act was passed. The first lawful Hindu widow remarriage among the upper castes in our country was celebrated under the supervision of Vidyasagar.
Vidyasagar wrote a Bengali primer, Barnaparichay. He also wrote the book Babuvivah.
#HISTORY
In 1850, Vidyasagar became the secretary of the Bethune School and contributed to the higher education for women.
In 1851, Vidyasagar became the principal of Sanskrit College and opened its gates to non-brahmin students.
Due to his efforts, the Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act was passed. The first lawful Hindu widow remarriage among the upper castes in our country was celebrated under the supervision of Vidyasagar.
Vidyasagar wrote a Bengali primer, Barnaparichay. He also wrote the book Babuvivah.
#HISTORY
Sarvodaya
Sarvodaya (Sarva - all; Udoya - the welfare of all) means 'Universal Uplift' or 'Progress of All'. It was first coined by M. K. Gandhi as the title of his 1908 translation of John Ruskin's "Unto This Last."
Sarvodaya Society
According to Vinoba Bhave, Sarvodaya (welfare of all) means to establish a classless and casteless society based on truth and non-violence. In this society, everyone will get equal opportunities for their highest development.
The Sarvodaya consists of two things:
1. Happiness for all by removing social dogmas and discrimination
2. Establishing a new society with equality, divinity, and kindness.
To establish Sarvodaya society, Vinoba launched several non-violent movements, such as Bhoodan (land gift) Movement, the Gramdan (village gift) Movement, and the Sampatti dan (wealth gift) Movement.
Impact of Ruskin's 'Unto This Last' on Mahatma Gandhi
Gandhi received a copy of Ruskin's "Unto This Last" from a British friend, Mr. Henry Polak, while working as a lawyer in South Africa in 1904. According to Gandhi, after reading this book, he could not sleep that night and decided to change his life in accordance with its ideals.
#BIHARspecial
Sarvodaya (Sarva - all; Udoya - the welfare of all) means 'Universal Uplift' or 'Progress of All'. It was first coined by M. K. Gandhi as the title of his 1908 translation of John Ruskin's "Unto This Last."
Sarvodaya Society
According to Vinoba Bhave, Sarvodaya (welfare of all) means to establish a classless and casteless society based on truth and non-violence. In this society, everyone will get equal opportunities for their highest development.
The Sarvodaya consists of two things:
1. Happiness for all by removing social dogmas and discrimination
2. Establishing a new society with equality, divinity, and kindness.
To establish Sarvodaya society, Vinoba launched several non-violent movements, such as Bhoodan (land gift) Movement, the Gramdan (village gift) Movement, and the Sampatti dan (wealth gift) Movement.
Impact of Ruskin's 'Unto This Last' on Mahatma Gandhi
Gandhi received a copy of Ruskin's "Unto This Last" from a British friend, Mr. Henry Polak, while working as a lawyer in South Africa in 1904. According to Gandhi, after reading this book, he could not sleep that night and decided to change his life in accordance with its ideals.
#BIHARspecial
Important points about Annie Besant:
Annie Besant was a member of the Theosophical Society (not a founder).
She was a member of the Fabian Society.
She was the first woman president of INC.
She founded the Central Hindu School in Benaras in 1898, later developing into the Benaras Hindu University.
She started the Home Rule League in September 1916.
She founded the Women's Indian Association (WIA) in 1917.
Fabian Society (1884):
The Fabian Society is a British socialist organisation established in 1884. Its purpose is to advance the principles of social democracy and democratic socialism through gradualist and reformist efforts in democracies rather than revolutionary overthrow.
The Fabian Society was also historically related to radicalism, a left-wing liberal tradition.
The Fabian Society founded the London School of Economics in 1895.
Annie Besant joined the Fabian Society in 1885. Jawaharlal Nehru was also a member of the Fabian Society.
#HISTORY
Annie Besant was a member of the Theosophical Society (not a founder).
She was a member of the Fabian Society.
She was the first woman president of INC.
She founded the Central Hindu School in Benaras in 1898, later developing into the Benaras Hindu University.
She started the Home Rule League in September 1916.
She founded the Women's Indian Association (WIA) in 1917.
Fabian Society (1884):
The Fabian Society is a British socialist organisation established in 1884. Its purpose is to advance the principles of social democracy and democratic socialism through gradualist and reformist efforts in democracies rather than revolutionary overthrow.
The Fabian Society was also historically related to radicalism, a left-wing liberal tradition.
The Fabian Society founded the London School of Economics in 1895.
Annie Besant joined the Fabian Society in 1885. Jawaharlal Nehru was also a member of the Fabian Society.
#HISTORY
National Social Conference (1887)
M. G. Ranade emphasised social democracy along with political democracy.
In the 1886 Calcutta Session, Dadabhai declared that the Congress would take up only national questions and not deal with religious and social matters. Hence, Ranade decided to form a separate body for social reforms and established the National Social Conference in 1887, during INC’s third session.
Ranade called the National Social Conference the younger sister of Congress.
#HISTORY
M. G. Ranade emphasised social democracy along with political democracy.
In the 1886 Calcutta Session, Dadabhai declared that the Congress would take up only national questions and not deal with religious and social matters. Hence, Ranade decided to form a separate body for social reforms and established the National Social Conference in 1887, during INC’s third session.
Ranade called the National Social Conference the younger sister of Congress.
#HISTORY
Lectures from Colombo to Almora (1897) is a book of Swami Vivekananda based on the lectures he delivered in Sri Lanka and India after his return from the West in 1897.
#HISTORY
#HISTORY
Note:
There is a dispute over whether the Bengal Gazette (the Bengal Gejeti) or Samachar Darpan was the first journal in an Indian language, as both were launched in May 1818. The nationalist historians credit the Bengal Gazette as the first.
Some historians believe that Satya Prakash was established in 1855.
#HISTORY
There is a dispute over whether the Bengal Gazette (the Bengal Gejeti) or Samachar Darpan was the first journal in an Indian language, as both were launched in May 1818. The nationalist historians credit the Bengal Gazette as the first.
Some historians believe that Satya Prakash was established in 1855.
#HISTORY
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Important Difference
The Government of India Act of 1919 established a division of central and provincial subjects. This meant that the central and provincial legislatures were authorized to create laws pertaining to their respective subjects. However, the powers given to the provinces were granted by the Centre. Therefore, the Act emphasized decentralization instead of federation.
The 1935 Act provided a federal system as provinces were recognised in law as separate entities, exercising executive and legislative powers in their field. After the passing of the Act of 1935, the provinces were no longer considered subordinate authorities.
#HISTORY
The Government of India Act of 1919 established a division of central and provincial subjects. This meant that the central and provincial legislatures were authorized to create laws pertaining to their respective subjects. However, the powers given to the provinces were granted by the Centre. Therefore, the Act emphasized decentralization instead of federation.
The 1935 Act provided a federal system as provinces were recognised in law as separate entities, exercising executive and legislative powers in their field. After the passing of the Act of 1935, the provinces were no longer considered subordinate authorities.
#HISTORY
As 2024 is an election year, it is important to consider the historical evolution of elections and rules in modern Indian history. The following points are worth focusing on:
🕸Separate electorate
🕸Voting rights for women
🕸First elected Indian speaker of Central Assembly
🕸Provincial election of 1937
#HISTORY
🕸Separate electorate
🕸Voting rights for women
🕸First elected Indian speaker of Central Assembly
🕸Provincial election of 1937
#HISTORY
Important For Prelims
After the non-cooperation movement, No-changers did not participate in the Legislative Council elections, but they did participate in the elections of municipalities and other local bodies.
In 1924, Jawaharlal Nehru was the Mayor of Allahabad, Vallabhbhai Patel of Ahmedabad, C. R. Das of Calcutta, and Rajendra Prasad of Patna.
This year, 2024, marks the centenary of their entry into the civic body.
#HISTORY
After the non-cooperation movement, No-changers did not participate in the Legislative Council elections, but they did participate in the elections of municipalities and other local bodies.
In 1924, Jawaharlal Nehru was the Mayor of Allahabad, Vallabhbhai Patel of Ahmedabad, C. R. Das of Calcutta, and Rajendra Prasad of Patna.
This year, 2024, marks the centenary of their entry into the civic body.
#HISTORY
Success or Failure of a Movement
The Ghadar movement did not succeed in its immediate objective of organising an armed revolt and driving out the British. Similarly, the non-cooperation movement (1920-22) and the Quit India movement (1942) could not succeed in immediately winning independence. Should we call these movements failures?
The success or failure of a political movement is not always to be measured in terms of its achievement of stated objectives. It should be measured in terms of whether there was a furthering of nationalist feelings, the creation of traditions of resistance, the emergence and trial of new methods of struggle, and the spread of forward-looking ideologies of secularism, democracy, and egalitarianism. In that case, these movements occupy a very important place in India's struggle for freedom.
#MAINSbpsc
The Ghadar movement did not succeed in its immediate objective of organising an armed revolt and driving out the British. Similarly, the non-cooperation movement (1920-22) and the Quit India movement (1942) could not succeed in immediately winning independence. Should we call these movements failures?
The success or failure of a political movement is not always to be measured in terms of its achievement of stated objectives. It should be measured in terms of whether there was a furthering of nationalist feelings, the creation of traditions of resistance, the emergence and trial of new methods of struggle, and the spread of forward-looking ideologies of secularism, democracy, and egalitarianism. In that case, these movements occupy a very important place in India's struggle for freedom.
#MAINSbpsc
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The GoI has highlighted the following personalities during its "Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav" campaign.
Rani Chennamma
https://cmsadmin.amritmahotsav.nic.in/event-detail.htm?2360
Rani Velu Nachiyar
https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?312
Rani Avantibai
https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?314
Pandita Ramabai
https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?23123#:~:text=Pandita%20Ramabai%20Sarasvati%20was%20born,representatives%20at%20the%201889%20Congress.
Pritilata Waddedar
https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?137
Bina Das
https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail.htm?2416
#HISTORY
Santi Ghosh
https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?4087
Kalpana Dutta
https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail.htm?11988
Captain Lakshmi Sahgal
https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?244
#HISTORY
Rani Chennamma
https://cmsadmin.amritmahotsav.nic.in/event-detail.htm?2360
Rani Velu Nachiyar
https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?312
Rani Avantibai
https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?314
Pandita Ramabai
https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?23123#:~:text=Pandita%20Ramabai%20Sarasvati%20was%20born,representatives%20at%20the%201889%20Congress.
Pritilata Waddedar
https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?137
Bina Das
https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail.htm?2416
#HISTORY
Santi Ghosh
https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?4087
Kalpana Dutta
https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail.htm?11988
Captain Lakshmi Sahgal
https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?244
#HISTORY
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Please take note of the following topics, events, and personalities that have been in the recent news:
Jagannath Shankarseth
Michael Madhusudan Dutta
Battle of Colachel
Lachit Borphukan
Rani Velu Nachiyar
Ramakrishna Math and Mission
Usha Mehta
Ram Manohar Lohia
Mahatma Phule
Vaikom Satyagraha
Ahilyabai Holkar
#HISTORY
Jagannath Shankarseth
Michael Madhusudan Dutta
Battle of Colachel
Lachit Borphukan
Rani Velu Nachiyar
Ramakrishna Math and Mission
Usha Mehta
Ram Manohar Lohia
Mahatma Phule
Vaikom Satyagraha
Ahilyabai Holkar
#HISTORY