With reference to world sparrow day 2024, consider the following statements:

1. It is observed on the 20th March every year and the theme for 2024 was “Sparrows:Give them a tweet-chance!”, “I love sparrows” and “we love sparrows”.

2. Sparrows are crucial for biodiversity and plant growth in ecosystems as they consume and excrete seeds, helping to dispose plant seeds and promote vegetation.

3. It is the state bird of Bihar and UP.

4. The population of sparrows has significantly increased.

5. Its conservation status is vulnerable on the IUCN red list.

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Consider the following statements about Barabar caves:

1. It saw the use of the Chaitya Arch in stone for the first time.

2. The inscriptions found here dates to the mauryan period.

3. The inscription in the Sudama cave informs that the four caves on Barabar Hill were assigned by king Ashoka to Ajivika monks in 261 BC.

4. Another inscription on the Nagarjuni Hill is of the grandson of king Ashoka, Dasaratha Maurya, which tells that the AjiVikas continued to enjoy imperial Mauryan patronage for long.

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Consider the following statements about Dungeshwari caves, Bihar:

1. It is located in Kaimur district of Bihar.

2. These caves are significant in Jainism and it is believed that Mahavira meditated here.

3. Statue of Buddha and an idol of Hindu goddess Dungeshwari are present inside the three caves of Dungeshwari.

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