class A:
    def __init__(self, x):
        self.x = x

    def __hash__(self):
        return self.x

hash(A(2))   # 2
hash(A(1))   # 1
hash(A(0))   # 0
hash(A(-1))  # -2 (!)
hash(A(-2))  # -2

class SavingOrig:
    def __init__(self, another_decorator):
        self._another = another_decorator
  
    def __call__(self, f):
        decorated = self._another(f)
        if hasattr(f, 'orig'):
            decorated.orig = f.orig
        else:
            decorated.orig = f
        return decorated

saving_orig = SavingOrig

import asyncio

async def do(n=0):
    print(n)
    await asyncio.sleep(1)
    loop.create_task(do(n + 1))
    loop.create_task(do(n + 1))

loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
loop.create_task(do())
loop.run_forever()

import asyncio

def do(n=0):
    print(n)
    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
    loop.call_later(1, do, n+1)
    loop.call_later(1, do, n+1)

loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
do()
loop.run_forever()

for i in range(10):
    try:
        1 / i
    finally:
        print('finally')
        break
    print('after try')

print('after while')

finally
after while

SyntaxError: 'continue' not supported inside 'finally' clause

class Task:
    _task_id = 0

    def __init__(self):
        self._id = self._task_id
        type(self)._task_id += 1

class Task:
    _task_id = 0

    def __init__(self, task_id):
        self._id = task_id

    @classmethod
    def create(cls):
        obj = cls(cls._task_id)
        cls._task_id += 1
        return obj

>>> '\N{EM DASH}'
'—'
>>> '\u2014'
'—'

>>> width = 800
>>> f'Width \N{EM DASH} {width}'
'Width — 800'

«Эта библиотека отличается от задокументированного Python API для реализаций tzinfo».

In : paris = pytz.timezone('Europe/Paris')
In : str(datetime(2017, 1, 1, tzinfo=paris))
Out: '2017-01-01 00:00:00+00:09'

In : str(paris.localize(datetime(2017, 1, 1)))
Out: '2017-01-01 00:00:00+01:00'

In : new_time = time + timedelta(days=2)
In : str(new_time)
Out: '2018-03-27 00:00:00+01:00'

In : str(paris.normalize(new_time))
Out: '2018-03-27 01:00:00+02:00'

class Cycle:
    def __init__(self, lst):
        self._lst = lst

    def __getitem__(self, index):
        return self._lst[index % len(self._lst)]

print(Cycle(['a', 'b', 'c'])[100])  # 'b'

class Inspector:
    def __getitem__(self, index):
        print(index)

Inspector()[1]
# 1

Inspector()[1:2]
# slice(1, 2, None)

Inspector()[1:2:3]
# slice(1, 2, 3)

Inspector()[:]
# slice(None, None, None)

Inspector()[:, 0, :]
# (slice(None, None, None), 0, slice(None, None, None))

s = slice(1, 2, 3)
s.start  # 1
s.stop   # 2
s.step   # 3

>>> def g():
...     print(1)
...     yield 1
...     print(2)
...     yield 2
...     print(3)
...     yield 3
...
>>> 2 in g()
1
2
True

In [1]: %timeit 10**20 in range(10**30)
375 ns ± 10.7 ns per loop

In : [(x, y) for x in range(3) for y in range(3)]
Out: [
    (0, 0), (0, 1), (0, 2),
    (1, 0), (1, 1), (1, 2),
    (2, 0), (2, 1), (2, 2)
]

In : [
    (x, y)
    for x in range(3)
    for y in range(3)
    if x != 0
    if y != 0
]
Out: [(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 2)]

In : [
    (x, y)
    for x in range(3)
    for y in range(x + 2)
    if x != y
]
Out: [
    (0, 1),
    (1, 0), (1, 2),
    (2, 0), (2, 1), (2, 3)
]

In : [
    (x, y)
    for x in range(5)
    if x % 2
    for y in range(x + 2)
    if x != y
]
Out: [
    (1, 0), (1, 2),
    (3, 0), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 4)
]

def print_whole_file(
    *,
    path: Optional[str] = None,
    file_obj: Optional[TextIO] = None
):
    assert path or file_obj

    if path:
        with open(path) as f:
            print(f.read(), end='')
    else:
        print(file_obj.read(), end='')

def print_whole_file(
    *,
    path: Optional[str] = None,
    file_obj: Optional[TextIO] = None
):
    assert path or file_obj

    with ExitStack() as stack:
        if path:
            file_obj = stack.enter_context(
                open(path)
            )

        print(file_obj.read(), end='')

def print_whole_file(
    *,
    path: Optional[str] = None,
    file_obj: Optional[TextIO] = None
):
    assert path or file_obj

    if path:
        context = open(path)
    else:
        context = nullcontext(file_obj)

    with context as f:
        print(f.read(), end='')