topic of globalization and regionalism:

1. What is globalization?
a) A process characterized by increasing interconnectedness
b) A process characterized by decreasing interconnectedness
c) A process characterized by increasing regionalism
d) A process characterized by decreasing regionalism

2. According to the hyper-globalists, globalization:
a) Privileges the economic over the political
b) Privileges the political over the economic
c) Privileges regionalism over globalization
d) Privileges globalization over regionalism

3. The skeptics argue that globalization is:
a) More prevalent at the global level than at the regional level
b) More prevalent at the regional level than at the global level
c) Equally prevalent at the global and regional levels
d) Non-existent at both the global and regional levels

4. According to the transformationists, globalization is:
a) Reconstituting the power and authority of national governments
b) Reinforcing the power and authority of national governments
c) Eliminating the power and authority of national governments
d) Having no impact on the power and authority of national governments

5. What is the main impact of globalization on Africa?
a) Americanization of the world
b) Propagation of a universal paradigm for economic and political development
c) Erosion of sovereignty on economic and financial matters
d) Weakening of Africa's position in the international system

6. The Washington Consensus emphasizes:
a) Market forces and liberal democracy
b) State control and authoritarian rule
c) Regional integration and cooperation
d) Cultural diversity and local autonomy

7. How has globalization affected Africa's ability to manage its economy?
a) It has strengthened Africa's ability to manage its economy effectively
b) It has weakened Africa's ability to manage its economy effectively
c) It has had no impact on Africa's ability to manage its economy effectively
d) It has led to mixed results in Africa's ability to manage its economy effectively

8. What is one negative impact of globalization on Africa?
a) Greater respect for human rights
b) Strengthened national consciousness and cohesion
c) Fragmentation of national economies, polities, societies, and cultures
d) Rapid and sustainable growth and development

9. Ethiopia's experience with globalization has been:
a) Mostly positive
b) Mostly negative
c) Equally positive and negative
d) Largely unaffected by globalization

10. What is one positive impact of globalization on Ethiopia?
a) Expansion of information communication
b) Weakening of religiosity and social solidarity
c) Prevalence of human trafficking and migration
d) Strengthening of the indigenous entrepreneurial class

11. What are some merits of globalization?
a) Expansion of democratic culture and human rights
b) Erosion of sovereignty and Western imperialism
c) Multiplication of climatic and environmental risks
d) Strengthening of regional integration and cooperation

12. What is one negative consequence of globalization?
a) Improvement in the quality of life for millions of people
b) Widening gap between rich and poor
c) Strengthening of global terrorism and religious fundamentalism
d) Birth of a new sense of global society and global citizenship

13. Glocalization refers to:
a) Integration to the world and differentiation to the local
b) Integration to the local and differentiation to the world
c) Elimination of local and global differences
d) Promotion of regionalism over globalization

14. What is one impact of globalization on identity conflicts?
a) Strengthening of radical nationalism and ethnicity
b) Weakening of radical nationalism and ethnicity
c) Elimination of identity conflicts
d) Promotion of global citizenship and unity

15. What challenges have countries of the global south faced due to globalization?
a) Economic, political, socio-cultural, security, and military challenges
b) Economic challenges only
c) Political challenges only
d) Socio-cultural challenges only

16. Globalization is often understood as a process characterized by:
a) Increasing interconnectedness or interdependence
b) Decreasing interconnectedness or interdependence
c) Increasing regionalism
d) Decreasing regionalism

17. The hyper-globalists believe that globalization:
a) Privileges the economic over the political
b) Privileges the political over the economic
c) Privileges regionalism over globalization
d) Privileges globalization over regionalism

18. The skeptics argue that globalization is:
a) More prevalent at the global level than at the regional level
b) More prevalent at the regional level than at the global level
c) Equally prevalent at the global and regional levels
d) Non-existent at both the global and regional levels

19. According to the transformationists, globalization is:
a) Reconstituting the power and authority of national governments
b) Reinforcing the power and authority of national governments
c) Eliminating the power and authority of national governments
d) Having no impact on the power and authority of national governments

20. What is the main impact of globalization on Africa?
a) Americanization of the world
b) Propagation of a universal paradigm for economic and political development
c) Erosion of sovereignty on economic and financial matters
d) Weakening of Africa's position in the international system

21. The Washington Consensus emphasizes:
a) Market forces and liberal democracy
b) State control and authoritarian rule
c) Regional integration and cooperation
d) Cultural diversity and local autonomy

22. How has globalization affected Africa's ability to manage its economy?
a) It has strengthened Africa's ability to manage its economy effectively
b) It has weakened Africa's ability to manage its economy effectively
c) It has had no impact on Africa's ability to manage its economy effectively
d) It has led to mixed results in Africa's ability to manage its economy effectively

23. What is one negative impact of globalization on Africa?
a) Greater respect for human rights
b) Strengthened national consciousness and cohesion
c) Fragmentation of national economies, polities, societies, and cultures
d) Rapid and sustainable growth and development

24. Ethiopia's experience with globalization has been:
a) Mostly positive
b) Mostly negative
c) Equally positive and negative
d) Largely unaffected by globalization

25. What is one positive impact of globalization on Ethiopia?
a) Expansion of information communication
b) Weakening of religiosity and social solidarity
c) Prevalence of human trafficking and migration
d) Strengthening of the indigenous entrepreneurial class

26. What are some merits of globalization?
a) Expansion of democratic culture and human rights
b) Erosion of sovereignty and Western imperialism
c) Multiplication of climatic and environmental risks
d) Strengthening of regional integration and cooperation

27. What is one negative consequence of globalization?
a) Improvement in the quality of life for millions of people
b) Widening gap between rich and poor
c) Strengthening of global terrorism and religious fundamentalism
d) Birth of a new sense of global society and global citizenship

28. Glocalization refers to:
a) Integration to the world and differentiation to the local
b) Integration to the local and differentiation to the world
c) Elimination of local and global differences
d) Promotion of regionalism over globalization

29. What is one impact of globalization on identity conflicts?
a) Strengthening of radical nationalism and ethnicity
b) Weakening of radical nationalism and ethnicity
c) Elimination of identity conflicts
d) Promotion of global citizenship and unity

30. What challenges have countries of the global south faced due to globalization?
a) Economic, political, socio-cultural, security, and military challenges
b) Economic challenges only
c) Political challenges only
d) Socio-cultural challenges only

Answer
https://t.me/yohana1234567/1106

Sure! Here are 20 multiple-choice questions based on the topics you provided:

1. What is the Oromo Gadaa system?
a) An indigenous system of governance in Ethiopia
b) A traditional conflict resolution mechanism
c) A religious institution in Ethiopia
d) A social order maintained by anthropologists

2. Who among the following anthropologists has studied the Oromo Gaada system?
a) Paul Baxter
b) Eike Haberland
c) Asmerom Legesse
d) All of the above

3. How often is political power transferred in the Oromo Gadaa system?
a) Every 4 years
b) Every 6 years
c) Every 8 years
d) Every 10 years

4. Which of the following is a law-making assembly of the Borana Oromo?
a) Gumi gaayo
b) Jaarsa Biyyaa
c) Abba Gaada
d) Abba Seera

5. What is the indigenous system of governance called among the Gedeo people?
a) Gadaa system
b) Baalle system
c) Dere Woga
d) Dubusha

6. How are conflicts resolved in the Gedeo Baalle system?
a) By the Abba Gada
b) By the Roga
c) By the Jaarsa Biyyaa
d) By the Songo Hayyicha

7. What are the major institutions of the Gedeo system of governance?
a) Ya’a, Seera, Abba Gaada
b) Seera, Abba Gada, Council of Elders
c) Baalle, Abba Gada, Ya’a
d) Ya’a, Seera, Council of Elders

8. What do the Oromo Gaada and Gedeo Baalle systems have in common?
a) Grading system and periodic transfer of power
b) Role of religion
c) Naming of indigenous institutions
d) All of the above

9. How many local administrations known as deres are there in the Gamo highlands?
a) More than 10
b) More than 20
c) More than 30
d) More than 40

10. What is the highest body of the Gamo indigenous system of governance?
a) Dere Cima
b) Dere Woga
c) Dubusha
d) Guta/neighborhood dubusha

11. Which of the following is NOT a component of customary justice institutions?
a) Customary law
b) Council of elders
c) Customary courts
d) Traditional leaders

12. What is the function of the Dere dubusha in the Gamo customary justice system?
a) Hearing, discussing, and resolving disputes
b) Revising and making laws
c) Enforcing community-based sanctions
d) Restoring community cohesion

13. What are the strengths of customary justice institutions?
a) High cost in terms of time and resources
b) Lack of community participation
c) Restoration of community cohesion
d) Limited reliance on elders

14. What is the limitation of customary justice institutions?
a) Limited participation of women
b) High enforceability of decisions
c) Resolution of inter-ethnic conflicts
d) Strong potential for long-lasting peace

15. Which institution in Rayya and Wajirat district, Southern Tigray, addresses inter-ethnic conflicts?
a) Abbo Gereb
b) Jaarsa Biyyaa
c) Dere Cima
d) Baalle

16. In which area do conflicts often arise between highland Tigray and lowland Afar?
a) Grazing land
b) Water resources
c) Political power
d) Religious practices

17. What role do women play in conflict resolution and peacemaking?
a) They are completely excluded
b) They participate in exceptional cases
c) They lead indigenous systems of governance
d) They have their own dispute settlement mechanisms

18. What are the instruments of power used by Sidama women?
a) Yakka and Siqqo
b) Don Kachel
c) Debarte
d) Jaarsa Biyyaa

19. What is legal pluralism?
a) Co-existence of multiple legal systems
b) Domination of religious laws
c) Exclusion of customary laws
d) Integration of state and customary laws

20. Which legal systems co-exist in most parts of Ethiopia?
a) State/formal justice institutions and customary justice

1. a) An indigenous system of governance in Ethiopia
2. d) All of the above
3. c) Every 8 years
4. d) Abba Seera
5. b) Baalle system
6. a) By the Abba Gada
7. c) Baalle, Abba Gada, Ya’a
8. a) Grading system and periodic transfer of power
9. c) More than 30
10. b) Dere Woga
11. d) Traditional leaders
12. a) Hearing, discussing, and resolving disputes
13. c) Restoration of community cohesion
14. a) Limited participation of women
15. b) Jaarsa Biyyaa
16. a) Grazing land
17. b) They participate in exceptional cases
18. a) Yakka and Siqqo
19. a) Co-existence of multiple legal systems
20. a) State/formal justice institutions and customary justice

Certainly! Here are 30 multiple-choice questions based on the given topics:

1. Marginalization refers to the treatment of a person or social group as:
a) important and central
b) minor and insignificant
c) equal and inclusive
d) powerful and influential

2. Which of the following is an example of a marginalized social group?
a) Craft workers
b) Majority population
c) Religious minorities
d) Wealthy individuals

3. Vulnerability refers to the state of being exposed to:
a) physical or emotional injuries
b) social interactions
c) marriage relations
d) economic opportunities

4. Gender-based marginalization primarily affects:
a) Men and boys
b) Women and girls
c) Older people
d) People with disabilities

5. Marginalized occupational groups include:
a) Doctors and lawyers
b) Tanners and potters
c) Teachers and engineers
d) Farmers and fishermen

6. Spatial marginalization refers to the exclusion of marginalized groups from:
a) social events
b) economic activities
c) intermarriage
d) living in urban areas

7. Economic marginalization involves the exclusion of marginalized groups from:
a) land ownership
b) education opportunities
c) political participation
d) healthcare services

8. Cultural marginalization is manifested in:
a) positive stereotyping
b) equal treatment
c) negative stereotyping
d) inclusive social events

9. Age-based vulnerability primarily affects:
a) Women and girls
b) Older people
c) Religious minorities
d) Craft workers

10. Girls are exposed to double marginalization and discrimination due to:
a) Their age
b) Their gender
c) Their ethnicity
d) Their religion

11. Ageism refers to:
a) discrimination based on age
b) discrimination based on gender
c) discrimination based on religion
d) discrimination based on ethnicity

12. Older persons are considered marginalized because they are seen as:
a) social assets
b) economic contributors
c) custodians of tradition
d) a burden to society

13. Religious and ethnic minorities have experienced marginalization and discrimination in:
a) Ethiopia only
b) Europe only
c) Different parts of the world
d) Developed countries only

14. Jewish and Muslim Rohingyas have faced discrimination and persecution primarily in:
a) Ethiopia
b) Europe
c) Asia
d) North America

15. Marginalized groups are excluded from which of the following?
a) Social interactions
b) Marriage relations
c) Economic activities
d) All of the above

16. Vulnerable groups are exposed to the possibilities of:
a) social isolation
b) physical injuries
c) emotional harms
d) All of the above

17. Gender inequality involves discrimination based on:
a) age
b) race
c) gender
d) religion

18. Marginalized occupational groups in Ethiopia include:
a) doctors and engineers
b) potters and tanners
c) teachers and lawyers
d) farmers and fishermen

19. Spatial marginalization involves living:
a) in urban areas
b) near forests
c) on fertile land
d) in the city center

20. Economic marginalization excludes marginalized groups from:
a) land ownership
b) education opportunities
c) political power
d) healthcare services

21. Cultural marginalization is manifested through:
a) positive stereotyping
b) inclusive social events
c) negative stereotyping
d) equal treatment

22. Vulnerability is the state of being exposed to:
a) physical or emotional injuries
b) social interactions
c) economic opportunities
d) political power

23. Girls are vulnerable to gender-based violence such as:
a) rape and domestic violence
b) early marriage and abduction
c) female genital cutting/mutilation
d) All of the above

24. Age-based marginalization affects:
a) children and older people
b) men and women equally
c) religious and ethnic minorities
d) craft workers