Unit 4 - 6
1. What is the process of encoding in memory?
a) Storing information in memory
b) Retrieving information from memory
c) Converting information into a form suitable for storage
2. Which type of memory is typically associated with remembering personal experiences and events?
a) Semantic memory
b) Procedural memory
c) Episodic memory
3. What term describes the inability to remember events from early childhood?
a) Retrograde amnesia
b) Infantile amnesia
c) Anterograde amnesia
4. What is the role of motivation in behavior?
a) It involves regulating physiological processes like hunger and thirst
b) It energizes and directs behavior towards specific goals
c) It controls emotional responses to external stimuli
5. Which theory of emotion suggests that physiological arousal precedes the experience of emotion?
a) James-Lange theory
b) Cannon-Bard theory
c) Schachter-Singer theory
6. What is the primary difference between extrinsic and intrinsic motivation?
a) Extrinsic motivation comes from internal factors, while intrinsic motivation arises from external rewards
b) Extrinsic motivation involves pursuing activities for personal satisfaction, while intrinsic motivation involves external pressures
c) Extrinsic motivation is driven by external rewards or consequences, while intrinsic motivation comes from internal desires or enjoyment
7. What is the purpose of emotional regulation?
a) To suppress all emotions to avoid conflict
b) To manage and modify one's emotional responses to adapt to situations
c) To intensify emotional reactions for better communication
8. Which personality trait in the Big Five model relates to being careful, responsible, and organized?
a) Openness
b) Conscientiousness
c) Extroversion
9. According to Freud, which part of the personality operates on the reality principle?
a) Id
b) Ego
c) Superego
10. What is the purpose of defense mechanisms in personality psychology?
a) To suppress unwanted thoughts and desires
b) To protect the conscious mind from harmful or threatening thoughts
c) To facilitate the expression of unconscious desires
11. How does the humanistic perspective on personality differ from other theories?
a) It emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts
b) It focuses on the potential for personal growth and self-actualization
c) It highlights the influence of childhood experiences on personality development
12. What is the central idea behind trait theory in personality psychology?
a) Personality is shaped by an individual's unique life experiences
b) Personality can be described and understood through a set of core traits
c) Personality is determined by unconscious desires and conflicts
13. How does social-cognitive theory explain personality development?
a) It focuses on genetic influences on behavior
b) It highlights the interplay between personal characteristics, environmental factors, and behavior
c) It emphasizes the role of early childhood experiences in shaping personality
14. What is the main goal of psychoanalytic therapy based on Freud's theories?
a) To analyze dreams and unconscious conflicts
b) To bring unconscious conflicts to the conscious mind for resolution
c) To focus on changing maladaptive behaviors through conditioning
15. How does self-esteem differ from self-efficacy in personality psychology?
a) Self-esteem refers to an individual's belief in their ability to succeed, while self-efficacy is the overall evaluation of oneself
b) Self-efficacy relates specifically to confidence in performing tasks, while self-esteem involves feelings of self-worth
c) Self-esteem is based on external validation, while self-efficacy is internally driven
1. What is the process of encoding in memory?
a) Storing information in memory
b) Retrieving information from memory
c) Converting information into a form suitable for storage
2. Which type of memory is typically associated with remembering personal experiences and events?
a) Semantic memory
b) Procedural memory
c) Episodic memory
3. What term describes the inability to remember events from early childhood?
a) Retrograde amnesia
b) Infantile amnesia
c) Anterograde amnesia
4. What is the role of motivation in behavior?
a) It involves regulating physiological processes like hunger and thirst
b) It energizes and directs behavior towards specific goals
c) It controls emotional responses to external stimuli
5. Which theory of emotion suggests that physiological arousal precedes the experience of emotion?
a) James-Lange theory
b) Cannon-Bard theory
c) Schachter-Singer theory
6. What is the primary difference between extrinsic and intrinsic motivation?
a) Extrinsic motivation comes from internal factors, while intrinsic motivation arises from external rewards
b) Extrinsic motivation involves pursuing activities for personal satisfaction, while intrinsic motivation involves external pressures
c) Extrinsic motivation is driven by external rewards or consequences, while intrinsic motivation comes from internal desires or enjoyment
7. What is the purpose of emotional regulation?
a) To suppress all emotions to avoid conflict
b) To manage and modify one's emotional responses to adapt to situations
c) To intensify emotional reactions for better communication
8. Which personality trait in the Big Five model relates to being careful, responsible, and organized?
a) Openness
b) Conscientiousness
c) Extroversion
9. According to Freud, which part of the personality operates on the reality principle?
a) Id
b) Ego
c) Superego
10. What is the purpose of defense mechanisms in personality psychology?
a) To suppress unwanted thoughts and desires
b) To protect the conscious mind from harmful or threatening thoughts
c) To facilitate the expression of unconscious desires
11. How does the humanistic perspective on personality differ from other theories?
a) It emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts
b) It focuses on the potential for personal growth and self-actualization
c) It highlights the influence of childhood experiences on personality development
12. What is the central idea behind trait theory in personality psychology?
a) Personality is shaped by an individual's unique life experiences
b) Personality can be described and understood through a set of core traits
c) Personality is determined by unconscious desires and conflicts
13. How does social-cognitive theory explain personality development?
a) It focuses on genetic influences on behavior
b) It highlights the interplay between personal characteristics, environmental factors, and behavior
c) It emphasizes the role of early childhood experiences in shaping personality
14. What is the main goal of psychoanalytic therapy based on Freud's theories?
a) To analyze dreams and unconscious conflicts
b) To bring unconscious conflicts to the conscious mind for resolution
c) To focus on changing maladaptive behaviors through conditioning
15. How does self-esteem differ from self-efficacy in personality psychology?
a) Self-esteem refers to an individual's belief in their ability to succeed, while self-efficacy is the overall evaluation of oneself
b) Self-efficacy relates specifically to confidence in performing tasks, while self-esteem involves feelings of self-worth
c) Self-esteem is based on external validation, while self-efficacy is internally driven
๐2โค1
16. What is reciprocal determinism in personality theory?
a) The idea that personality is determined solely by genetic factors
b) The concept that individual characteristics, behavior, and environmental factors interact and influence each other
c) The belief that personality traits remain stable over time
17. How does culture influence personality development?
a) Culture has no impact on personality traits
b) Cultural norms, values, and societal expectations shape individuals' personality characteristics
c) Personality is entirely biologically determined and unaffected by cultural factors
18. What is the purpose of projective tests in assessing personality?
a) To measure specific personality traits objectively
b) To reveal unconscious aspects of personality through ambiguous stimuli
c) To assess cognitive abilities and intelligence
19. What is the self-serving bias in relation to personality?
a) The tendency to attribute successes to internal factors and failures to external factors
b) The belief that one's personality traits are superior to others
c) The inclination to seek psychological advice from others
20. How does the Five Factor Model of personality categorize personality traits?
a) Into three primary traits
b) Into five broad dimensions: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism
c) Into seven distinct categories based on childhood experiences
21. In the context of psychology, what does the term "emotional intelligence" refer to?
a) The ability to memorize emotions accurately
b) The capacity to understand, perceive, and manage emotions effectively
c) The concept of being emotionally sensitive to others' needs
22. Which area of the brain is heavily involved in emotional processing and memory formation?
a) Hippocampus
b) Frontal lobe
c) Cerebellum
23. What role does the amygdala play in emotion?
a) It regulates sleep patterns
b) It processes and identifies emotions, particularly fear and aggression
c) It controls muscle movement during emotional expression
24. Which theory of motivation suggests that physiological needs must be satisfied in a specific sequence?
a) Drive-reduction theory
b) Maslow's hierarchy of needs
c) Incentive theory
25. How does intrinsic motivation differ from extrinsic motivation?
a) Intrinsic motivation is driven by external rewards, while extrinsic motivation comes from internal drives
b) Intrinsic motivation arises from internal desires or enjoyment, while extrinsic motivation involves external rewards or consequences
c) Intrinsic motivation involves pursuing activities for personal satisfaction, while extrinsic motivation is based on social approval
26. What physiological process is associated with the fight-or-flight response to stress?
a) Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system
b) Release of adrenaline and cortisol
c) Decrease in heart rate and blood pressure
27. How does the Yerkes-Dodson law explain the relationship between arousal and performance?
a) Increased arousal always leads to improved performance
b) Optimal performance occurs at moderate levels of arousal; too much or too little arousal impairs performance
c) High arousal levels are necessary for complex tasks, while low arousal levels are suitable for simple tasks
28. What is the purpose of personality inventories in psychology?
a) They provide a standardized way to assess personality traits and characteristics
b) They analyze unconscious desires and conflicts
c) They focus on diagnosing mental disorders
29. What is the fundamental premise of the humanistic perspective on personality?
a) The belief that personality is shaped by unconscious conflicts
b) The emphasis on personal growth, self-actualization, and the importance of inner experiences
c) The focus on observable behaviors as the core of personality
a) The idea that personality is determined solely by genetic factors
b) The concept that individual characteristics, behavior, and environmental factors interact and influence each other
c) The belief that personality traits remain stable over time
17. How does culture influence personality development?
a) Culture has no impact on personality traits
b) Cultural norms, values, and societal expectations shape individuals' personality characteristics
c) Personality is entirely biologically determined and unaffected by cultural factors
18. What is the purpose of projective tests in assessing personality?
a) To measure specific personality traits objectively
b) To reveal unconscious aspects of personality through ambiguous stimuli
c) To assess cognitive abilities and intelligence
19. What is the self-serving bias in relation to personality?
a) The tendency to attribute successes to internal factors and failures to external factors
b) The belief that one's personality traits are superior to others
c) The inclination to seek psychological advice from others
20. How does the Five Factor Model of personality categorize personality traits?
a) Into three primary traits
b) Into five broad dimensions: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism
c) Into seven distinct categories based on childhood experiences
21. In the context of psychology, what does the term "emotional intelligence" refer to?
a) The ability to memorize emotions accurately
b) The capacity to understand, perceive, and manage emotions effectively
c) The concept of being emotionally sensitive to others' needs
22. Which area of the brain is heavily involved in emotional processing and memory formation?
a) Hippocampus
b) Frontal lobe
c) Cerebellum
23. What role does the amygdala play in emotion?
a) It regulates sleep patterns
b) It processes and identifies emotions, particularly fear and aggression
c) It controls muscle movement during emotional expression
24. Which theory of motivation suggests that physiological needs must be satisfied in a specific sequence?
a) Drive-reduction theory
b) Maslow's hierarchy of needs
c) Incentive theory
25. How does intrinsic motivation differ from extrinsic motivation?
a) Intrinsic motivation is driven by external rewards, while extrinsic motivation comes from internal drives
b) Intrinsic motivation arises from internal desires or enjoyment, while extrinsic motivation involves external rewards or consequences
c) Intrinsic motivation involves pursuing activities for personal satisfaction, while extrinsic motivation is based on social approval
26. What physiological process is associated with the fight-or-flight response to stress?
a) Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system
b) Release of adrenaline and cortisol
c) Decrease in heart rate and blood pressure
27. How does the Yerkes-Dodson law explain the relationship between arousal and performance?
a) Increased arousal always leads to improved performance
b) Optimal performance occurs at moderate levels of arousal; too much or too little arousal impairs performance
c) High arousal levels are necessary for complex tasks, while low arousal levels are suitable for simple tasks
28. What is the purpose of personality inventories in psychology?
a) They provide a standardized way to assess personality traits and characteristics
b) They analyze unconscious desires and conflicts
c) They focus on diagnosing mental disorders
29. What is the fundamental premise of the humanistic perspective on personality?
a) The belief that personality is shaped by unconscious conflicts
b) The emphasis on personal growth, self-actualization, and the importance of inner experiences
c) The focus on observable behaviors as the core of personality
๐2
30. How does the social-cognitive theory approach the study of personality?
a) By emphasizing the interaction between cognitive processes, behavior, and environmental influences
b) By focusing on genetic predispositions and temperament
c) By considering the impact of cultural norms and societal expectations on personality
a) By emphasizing the interaction between cognitive processes, behavior, and environmental influences
b) By focusing on genetic predispositions and temperament
c) By considering the impact of cultural norms and societal expectations on personality
Questions
Unit 4 memory and forgetting
https://t.me/diredawa2015/228
Answer
https://t.me/diredawa2015/229
Unit 5 motivation and emotion
https://t.me/diredawa2015/230
Answer https://t.me/diredawa2015/232
Unit 6 PERSONALITY
https://t.me/diredawa2015/233
Answer https://t.me/diredawa2015/235
All unit 4 - 6
https://t.me/diredawa2015/241
Answer
https://t.me/yohana1234567/991
Unit 4 memory and forgetting
https://t.me/diredawa2015/228
Answer
https://t.me/diredawa2015/229
Unit 5 motivation and emotion
https://t.me/diredawa2015/230
Answer https://t.me/diredawa2015/232
Unit 6 PERSONALITY
https://t.me/diredawa2015/233
Answer https://t.me/diredawa2015/235
All unit 4 - 6
https://t.me/diredawa2015/241
Answer
https://t.me/yohana1234567/991
Forwarded from G-Tutorialclass (๐๐๐๐๐ถ๐๐ ๐๐พ๐ฟ๐)
๐Fallacies of Weak Induction
This types of fallacies usually appears in inductive arguments.
แฅแแแ แ แณแณแฝ แจแแ แจแแแณแ แ แตแฐแณแฐแฅ แ แแญแแฎแแฝ แแธแแข
Chapter 2 แแญ แฃแซแฟแธแ inductive arguments แแญ defect แฒแแ แญ Fallacies of weak induction are committed แฅแแแแแข
The premises of the argument may be relevant but not sufficient to establish a conclusion.
9. Appeal to Unqualified Authority
[Argumentum Ad Verecandium]
Sometimes we are in need of the suggestion, comment, advice and information of others that would enable us to reach a conclusion of our own.
However, The person that we relied on to provide the information that we seek might be unreliable.
แญแ แแจแ แแแตแ แต แฅแแต แจแแแแ แฐแ แฅแแ แแญแ แแตแญแญ แแตแจแ แแแข
แแแณแแฃ " Dr. Ismail, who is the famous biochemist in this country, told me last night that all economic policies of this country are wrong. It implies thay, this country's Economic policy is wrong."
แ แซแน Dr. Ismail แ แ แญแแ แตแแ แตแแฃแ แ แแ แแแต แตแ แแ แแแญ แจแฐแ แ แแฐแฅ แตแญแญแ แแ แแแต แ แญแฐแแแข
แจแแ แแญ แฐแซแญแ แแ แตแ แขแฎแแแ แแฅแซแญแซแแ แจแฐแ แ Economist แขแแ แแฎ Appeal to Authority แแญแ Appeal to expert opinion แแ แจแแฃแแแข
แตแแแ แตแแแซแแฃแฝแ แแญแ แ แฐแแฅ แตแแแณแแแต แแแญ แแฅแซแชแซ แจแแตแ แต แฐแแ แก๐ So that you do not commit this fallacy๐
10. Appeal to Ignorance
[Argumentum ad ignorantiam]
This Fallacy is committed when one's conclusion is supported by one's own ignorance, lack of evidence or lack of tangible information or knowledge.
แตแ แแจแแ แตแญแญแแ แฅแแแต แณแญแแจแ แฅแแฐแแแแแ แแแ แแฐแแฐแแซ แแตแ แตแข แญแ Fallacy แ แแแต แแแแต แแแ แญ แญแฝแแ:-
๐Arguing that something is True Because no one has proved to be false.
(แแฐแต แฅแแฐแแ แตแแแฐแจแแแ แฅแแแต แแ แแแต)
๐Arguing that something is false Because no one Hassan proved it to be True. (แฅแแแต แฅแแฐแแ แตแแแฐแจแแแ แแฝแต แแ แแแต)
Eg1. "Life After death is real, since no one has proved that there is no such thing as life after death."
Eg2. "Life after death is a myth, because no one yet proved that it is real."
11. Hasty Generalization Fallacy
This fallacy is just the opposite of Accident fallacy.
It is drawing a conclusion or reaching a certain point of generalization from too small evidences.
แจแฐแแฐแ แแญแ แจแฅแแต แแจแแแฝ แฅแป แฐแแตแฐแ แแฐแแฐแแซ แตแแฐแซ แจแแแ แญ แจแ แตแฐแณแฐแฅ แตแ แฐแต แแแข
Eg. "Addis Zemen Gazeta carried an interview to know the reading skill among young people. It has found out that, among ten young people it interviewed, none of them read a book for the last two years. The conclusion is obvious: all young people in the country do not have the culture of reading books."
12) False Cause Fallacy
Is Committed when someone infering causal explanations from premises that do not provide sufficient evidence to it.
แจแตแ แฐแต แแแตแคแ แแจแ แตแแฐแญแ แจแแแ แญ Fallacy แแแข แถแตแต แ แญแแต แจFalse cause fallacy แ แญแแต แ แ
๐Post hoc ergo propter hoc fallacy
แตแแ แแแ แฅ แจแ แณแนแ ๐
This fallacy is committed when we arrive at a certain conclusion by claiming that one thing is the cause of another thing Because it preceds by the time.
แแแณแแฃ "แแฐแ แแญ แแแฝแ แแฐ แญแแต แฅแจแแณแฝแ แจแแฐ แฅแแญ แถแฎ ๐งแแแแต แแญ แซแซแน แจแแซ แซแแ แแฐแ แจ3/10 แฅแณแแก แซ แถแฎ แแ แฅแแฒ แซแจแแ แตแตแ๐" แญแ post hoc...แแแข
แแ แแณแ " Ever since we quit going to church, our business has been going to worse. If we start attending church our business would become good"
๐Non causa pro causa fallacy
๐Not the cause for the cause แแแต แแแข
แแแตแค แแแ แจแแญแแฃแ แแแตแค แแ แฒแแฐแตแข
Eg1. "แฅแท แตแ แแต แแญแแซแฑแ แ แแแญ แจแแแณแ"๐
Eg2. "What makes Africans poor is because they are black people."
๐OverSimplified cause fallacy
แ แแต แแแญ แแแจแฐแฑ แฅแ แแญแแซแถแฝ แฅแซแแต แ แแฑแ แฅแป แฐแ แซแ แแตแจแแข
Eg. "Don't worry; she will be all right from her abdominal sicknes. I gave her good advices"
แตแแแจแซแต แฅแปแ แ แญแปแแตแแฃ แแแญ แแ แจแ แแ แฅแแตแณแแแ แแญแญ แฅแแฑ แแญแแซแต แแแ แญแฝแแแข
13. Slippery Slope Fallacy
๐is a species of negative reasoning from consequences, used where two parties are deliberating together and one warns the other not to take a contemplated action.
แแฐแจแฐแฑแต แแแณแแฝ แแ แแญแ แแจแจแป แแญ แแฐแจแฐแ แจแฃแต แฝแแญ แจแแแแชแซแแ แแญแแซแต แฐแ แซแ แแตแจแแข
แแแณแ:-
Student: I do have a question, teacher.
Teacher: I will not allow you to ask me because, If I allow you to ask me, others will start asking me and as a result I will not have enough time for my lecture.
๐ Join and share ๐๐๐
๐ JOIN :@GTutorialclass
This types of fallacies usually appears in inductive arguments.
แฅแแแ แ แณแณแฝ แจแแ แจแแแณแ แ แตแฐแณแฐแฅ แ แแญแแฎแแฝ แแธแแข
Chapter 2 แแญ แฃแซแฟแธแ inductive arguments แแญ defect แฒแแ แญ Fallacies of weak induction are committed แฅแแแแแข
The premises of the argument may be relevant but not sufficient to establish a conclusion.
9. Appeal to Unqualified Authority
[Argumentum Ad Verecandium]
Sometimes we are in need of the suggestion, comment, advice and information of others that would enable us to reach a conclusion of our own.
However, The person that we relied on to provide the information that we seek might be unreliable.
แญแ แแจแ แแแตแ แต แฅแแต แจแแแแ แฐแ แฅแแ แแญแ แแตแญแญ แแตแจแ แแแข
แแแณแแฃ " Dr. Ismail, who is the famous biochemist in this country, told me last night that all economic policies of this country are wrong. It implies thay, this country's Economic policy is wrong."
แ แซแน Dr. Ismail แ แ แญแแ แตแแ แตแแฃแ แ แแ แแแต แตแ แแ แแแญ แจแฐแ แ แแฐแฅ แตแญแญแ แแ แแแต แ แญแฐแแแข
แจแแ แแญ แฐแซแญแ แแ แตแ แขแฎแแแ แแฅแซแญแซแแ แจแฐแ แ Economist แขแแ แแฎ Appeal to Authority แแญแ Appeal to expert opinion แแ แจแแฃแแแข
แตแแแ แตแแแซแแฃแฝแ แแญแ แ แฐแแฅ แตแแแณแแแต แแแญ แแฅแซแชแซ แจแแตแ แต แฐแแ แก๐ So that you do not commit this fallacy๐
10. Appeal to Ignorance
[Argumentum ad ignorantiam]
This Fallacy is committed when one's conclusion is supported by one's own ignorance, lack of evidence or lack of tangible information or knowledge.
แตแ แแจแแ แตแญแญแแ แฅแแแต แณแญแแจแ แฅแแฐแแแแแ แแแ แแฐแแฐแแซ แแตแ แตแข แญแ Fallacy แ แแแต แแแแต แแแ แญ แญแฝแแ:-
๐Arguing that something is True Because no one has proved to be false.
(แแฐแต แฅแแฐแแ แตแแแฐแจแแแ แฅแแแต แแ แแแต)
๐Arguing that something is false Because no one Hassan proved it to be True. (แฅแแแต แฅแแฐแแ แตแแแฐแจแแแ แแฝแต แแ แแแต)
Eg1. "Life After death is real, since no one has proved that there is no such thing as life after death."
Eg2. "Life after death is a myth, because no one yet proved that it is real."
11. Hasty Generalization Fallacy
This fallacy is just the opposite of Accident fallacy.
It is drawing a conclusion or reaching a certain point of generalization from too small evidences.
แจแฐแแฐแ แแญแ แจแฅแแต แแจแแแฝ แฅแป แฐแแตแฐแ แแฐแแฐแแซ แตแแฐแซ แจแแแ แญ แจแ แตแฐแณแฐแฅ แตแ แฐแต แแแข
Eg. "Addis Zemen Gazeta carried an interview to know the reading skill among young people. It has found out that, among ten young people it interviewed, none of them read a book for the last two years. The conclusion is obvious: all young people in the country do not have the culture of reading books."
12) False Cause Fallacy
Is Committed when someone infering causal explanations from premises that do not provide sufficient evidence to it.
แจแตแ แฐแต แแแตแคแ แแจแ แตแแฐแญแ แจแแแ แญ Fallacy แแแข แถแตแต แ แญแแต แจFalse cause fallacy แ แญแแต แ แ
๐Post hoc ergo propter hoc fallacy
แตแแ แแแ แฅ แจแ แณแนแ ๐
This fallacy is committed when we arrive at a certain conclusion by claiming that one thing is the cause of another thing Because it preceds by the time.
แแแณแแฃ "แแฐแ แแญ แแแฝแ แแฐ แญแแต แฅแจแแณแฝแ แจแแฐ แฅแแญ แถแฎ ๐งแแแแต แแญ แซแซแน แจแแซ แซแแ แแฐแ แจ3/10 แฅแณแแก แซ แถแฎ แแ แฅแแฒ แซแจแแ แตแตแ๐" แญแ post hoc...แแแข
แแ แแณแ " Ever since we quit going to church, our business has been going to worse. If we start attending church our business would become good"
๐Non causa pro causa fallacy
๐Not the cause for the cause แแแต แแแข
แแแตแค แแแ แจแแญแแฃแ แแแตแค แแ แฒแแฐแตแข
Eg1. "แฅแท แตแ แแต แแญแแซแฑแ แ แแแญ แจแแแณแ"๐
Eg2. "What makes Africans poor is because they are black people."
๐OverSimplified cause fallacy
แ แแต แแแญ แแแจแฐแฑ แฅแ แแญแแซแถแฝ แฅแซแแต แ แแฑแ แฅแป แฐแ แซแ แแตแจแแข
Eg. "Don't worry; she will be all right from her abdominal sicknes. I gave her good advices"
แตแแแจแซแต แฅแปแ แ แญแปแแตแแฃ แแแญ แแ แจแ แแ แฅแแตแณแแแ แแญแญ แฅแแฑ แแญแแซแต แแแ แญแฝแแแข
13. Slippery Slope Fallacy
๐is a species of negative reasoning from consequences, used where two parties are deliberating together and one warns the other not to take a contemplated action.
แแฐแจแฐแฑแต แแแณแแฝ แแ แแญแ แแจแจแป แแญ แแฐแจแฐแ แจแฃแต แฝแแญ แจแแแแชแซแแ แแญแแซแต แฐแ แซแ แแตแจแแข
แแแณแ:-
Student: I do have a question, teacher.
Teacher: I will not allow you to ask me because, If I allow you to ask me, others will start asking me and as a result I will not have enough time for my lecture.
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Professor, hear me once please. I should deserve at least a B in this course. If I do not, I will be in Prohibition and total lose of moral courage to attend other courses."
3. Appeal to People
[Argumentum ad Populum]
Is committed whenever anyone urging the acceptance of a claim by arousing strong feelings that may leaf audiences to accept the claim without a logical justigication of it.
แญแ แฐแแ แจแ แแฅแ แตแแต แ แแแณแณแต แจแแแแตแ แแแณแซแต แฒแแจแญ แจแแแแ แจแตแ แฐแต แ แตแฐแณแฐแฅ แแแข
Two approaches are involved in appeal to people fallacy:
๐direct and
๐indirect.
๐The direct approach occurs when an arguer, addressing a large group of people, excites the emotions and enthusiasm of the crowd to win acceptance for his or her conclusion.
แแแณแ แฅแ Hitler แจแ แแกแ แตแแต แ แแแณแณแตแ แ แแแตแแต แแ แญ แ แแแก แจแแจแแแตแ แแญแ แจแจแจ แ แแ แจแแซ แฐแ แแ แฅแแแต แจแฐแแแแแข
๐In the indirect approach, the arguer aims his or her appeal not at the crowd as a whole but at one or more individuals separately.
แญแ แฐแแ แแแแฐแฆแฝ แจแแแญแฅ แแฃแ แซ แแแข There are Three forms of indirect approach
๐Appeal to Bandwagon
Emphasizes that the majority's choice is a correct one and urges audiences to join them
แญแ แแแต "แ แฅแแแ แฐแ แฐแแฅแแณแแ แ แแฐแ แฐแแ แแ" แแแต แแแข
Eg. " Many Freshman Students study in library so, Studying in library is the best for freshman students"
๐Appeal to Vanity
แ แฝแแณแธแ แแแ แจแแ แฐแแฝ แตแแแ แแแ แต แ แแฐแ แฅแตแ แแแ แต แจแแแแน แญแฅแญ แญแแจแแแข
Eg. "Who is going to wear this new fashion dress, a dress worn by the famous Aster Awoke in her New Year's Sheraten Hotel's Show?"
๐Appeal to Snobbery
แจแฐแจแ แฉ แฐแแฝแ แแฅแแต แแญแ แแแแฝ #แจแ แแญ (Superior) แจแแแ แแแแต
Eg. "The newly produced Malt Guiness is not for everyone to drink. But you are different from other people, aren't you? Therefore, the newly malt guiness is for you.
๐In Birhanu direct and indirect approach to appeal to the people fallacy the arguer targeted on exploiting strong emotions of the people.
4. Argument against The Person
[Argumentum Ad Hominem]
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3. Appeal to People
[Argumentum ad Populum]
Is committed whenever anyone urging the acceptance of a claim by arousing strong feelings that may leaf audiences to accept the claim without a logical justigication of it.
แญแ แฐแแ แจแ แแฅแ แตแแต แ แแแณแณแต แจแแแแตแ แแแณแซแต แฒแแจแญ แจแแแแ แจแตแ แฐแต แ แตแฐแณแฐแฅ แแแข
Two approaches are involved in appeal to people fallacy:
๐direct and
๐indirect.
๐The direct approach occurs when an arguer, addressing a large group of people, excites the emotions and enthusiasm of the crowd to win acceptance for his or her conclusion.
แแแณแ แฅแ Hitler แจแ แแกแ แตแแต แ แแแณแณแตแ แ แแแตแแต แแ แญ แ แแแก แจแแจแแแตแ แแญแ แจแจแจ แ แแ แจแแซ แฐแ แแ แฅแแแต แจแฐแแแแแข
๐In the indirect approach, the arguer aims his or her appeal not at the crowd as a whole but at one or more individuals separately.
แญแ แฐแแ แแแแฐแฆแฝ แจแแแญแฅ แแฃแ แซ แแแข There are Three forms of indirect approach
๐Appeal to Bandwagon
Emphasizes that the majority's choice is a correct one and urges audiences to join them
แญแ แแแต "แ แฅแแแ แฐแ แฐแแฅแแณแแ แ แแฐแ แฐแแ แแ" แแแต แแแข
Eg. " Many Freshman Students study in library so, Studying in library is the best for freshman students"
๐Appeal to Vanity
แ แฝแแณแธแ แแแ แจแแ แฐแแฝ แตแแแ แแแ แต แ แแฐแ แฅแตแ แแแ แต แจแแแแน แญแฅแญ แญแแจแแแข
Eg. "Who is going to wear this new fashion dress, a dress worn by the famous Aster Awoke in her New Year's Sheraten Hotel's Show?"
๐Appeal to Snobbery
แจแฐแจแ แฉ แฐแแฝแ แแฅแแต แแญแ แแแแฝ #แจแ แแญ (Superior) แจแแแ แแแแต
Eg. "The newly produced Malt Guiness is not for everyone to drink. But you are different from other people, aren't you? Therefore, the newly malt guiness is for you.
๐In Birhanu direct and indirect approach to appeal to the people fallacy the arguer targeted on exploiting strong emotions of the people.
4. Argument against The Person
[Argumentum Ad Hominem]
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โค2๐1
โ แ1แ แแแต แฐแแชแแฝ แตแ #Grade แฅแ Grade แ แฐแซแญ แตแแฝ แแแญ แฅแแ แแฝแแข
A+ ๐๐พ100-90๐๐พ4
A ๐๐พ89-85 ๐๐พ4
A- ๐๐พ84-80 ๐๐พ3.75
B+ ๐๐พ79-75 ๐๐พ3.5
B ๐๐พ74-70 ๐๐พ3
B- ๐๐พ69-65 ๐๐พ2.75
C+ ๐๐พ64-60 ๐๐พ2.5
C ๐๐พ59-50 ๐๐พ2
C- ๐๐พ49-45 ๐๐พ1.75
D ๐๐พ44-40 ๐๐พ1
Fx ๐๐พ39-35 ๐๐พFinal Exam แตแแ แแแฐแ แญแปแแแข แแ แฐแแแถ Fx แจแแ Fxแฑ แแฐ F แญแแแฃแแข
F ๐๐พ 35-0 ๐๐พ แ แแแฃแ แแแต (Nex Year) Courseแ แตแแ แฅแแฐ แ แฒแต แญแแฐแณแแข
แจGrade แ แฐแซแญ
แแแ Grade แ Credit Hour แฐแฃแแถ แจแ แ แแต แแญ แฐแฐแแฎ แ แดแแตแฐแฉ แฐแแชแ แ แแฐแฐแ Credit Hour แญแซแแแแข
Example
"A" แขแแ Gradeแฑ แฅแ แจCourseแฑ Credit Hour 5 แขแแ
4ร5=20
If The other course Grade is "A-" and the Credit Hour is 5
3.75ร5=18.75
If The third course Grade is "B" and the Credit Hour is 3
3ร3=9
So the Grade of this student will be
20+18.75+9=47.75
5+5+3=13 (Credit Hour)
47.75รท13=3.67 or (B+)
แตแแแ แญแ แฐแแช แ แดแแตแฐแญ 3.67 or (B+) แ แแฃ แญแฃแแแข
A+ ๐๐พ100-90๐๐พ4
A ๐๐พ89-85 ๐๐พ4
A- ๐๐พ84-80 ๐๐พ3.75
B+ ๐๐พ79-75 ๐๐พ3.5
B ๐๐พ74-70 ๐๐พ3
B- ๐๐พ69-65 ๐๐พ2.75
C+ ๐๐พ64-60 ๐๐พ2.5
C ๐๐พ59-50 ๐๐พ2
C- ๐๐พ49-45 ๐๐พ1.75
D ๐๐พ44-40 ๐๐พ1
Fx ๐๐พ39-35 ๐๐พFinal Exam แตแแ แแแฐแ แญแปแแแข แแ แฐแแแถ Fx แจแแ Fxแฑ แแฐ F แญแแแฃแแข
F ๐๐พ 35-0 ๐๐พ แ แแแฃแ แแแต (Nex Year) Courseแ แตแแ แฅแแฐ แ แฒแต แญแแฐแณแแข
แจGrade แ แฐแซแญ
แแแ Grade แ Credit Hour แฐแฃแแถ แจแ แ แแต แแญ แฐแฐแแฎ แ แดแแตแฐแฉ แฐแแชแ แ แแฐแฐแ Credit Hour แญแซแแแแข
Example
"A" แขแแ Gradeแฑ แฅแ แจCourseแฑ Credit Hour 5 แขแแ
4ร5=20
If The other course Grade is "A-" and the Credit Hour is 5
3.75ร5=18.75
If The third course Grade is "B" and the Credit Hour is 3
3ร3=9
So the Grade of this student will be
20+18.75+9=47.75
5+5+3=13 (Credit Hour)
47.75รท13=3.67 or (B+)
แตแแแ แญแ แฐแแช แ แดแแตแฐแญ 3.67 or (B+) แ แแฃ แญแฃแแแข
๐3
Forwarded from DDU University Info
1. I guess I should buy my 12-year-old daughter an iPhone. Everyone at her new school has one and I want her to fit in with the other kids.
A. Appeal to False Authority
B. Either/ Or
C. Bandwagon
D. Slippery Slope
2. Charlie: I think we should put more money into schools. Quality public education is so important.
Bob: So youโre saying we should cut military spending and spend it instead on more spiral notebooks and crayons? I guess you want our country to be a weak, defenseless target for terrorists.
A. Ad Hominem
B. Hasty Generalization
C. Faulty Causality
D. Straw Man
3. My opponent raises a good point, but can we really trust him? I mean, he moved to this town only two years ago and everyone knows that his wife left him.
A. Slippery Slope
B. Sentimental Appeal
C. Bandwagon
D. Ad Hominem
A. Appeal to False Authority
B. Either/ Or
C. Bandwagon
D. Slippery Slope
2. Charlie: I think we should put more money into schools. Quality public education is so important.
Bob: So youโre saying we should cut military spending and spend it instead on more spiral notebooks and crayons? I guess you want our country to be a weak, defenseless target for terrorists.
A. Ad Hominem
B. Hasty Generalization
C. Faulty Causality
D. Straw Man
3. My opponent raises a good point, but can we really trust him? I mean, he moved to this town only two years ago and everyone knows that his wife left him.
A. Slippery Slope
B. Sentimental Appeal
C. Bandwagon
D. Ad Hominem
๐1
Forwarded from DDU University Info
4. Oh, please. What would you know about labor laws? You donโt even have a job.
A. Ad Hominem
B. Scare Tactic
C. Hasty Generalization
D. Sentimental Appeal
5.If I donโt take this A.P. class, then I wonโt do well on the exam. If I donโt do well on the A.P. exam, then I canโt get into a good college. If I canโt get into a good college, then Iโll never get a good job. If I canโt get a good job, then Iโm going to have to live in my parentsโ basement forever. Guess Iโll sign up for the A.P. class.
A. Scare Tactic
B..Slippery Slope
C. Hasty Generalization
D. Faulty Causality
6.You need to go to the party with me, otherwise youโll just be bored at home.
A. hasty generalization
B..post hoc
C. false dichotomy
D. appeal to ignorance
E. tu quoque
7. I know the professor said the Bridges of Madison County was smarmy trash and lacked any artistic worth. But I still think he's wrong. After all, it was on the best-seller list for over 100 weeks.
A. Scare Tactics
B..Red Herring
C. Bandwagon Argument
D. Begging the Question
A. Ad Hominem
B. Scare Tactic
C. Hasty Generalization
D. Sentimental Appeal
5.If I donโt take this A.P. class, then I wonโt do well on the exam. If I donโt do well on the A.P. exam, then I canโt get into a good college. If I canโt get into a good college, then Iโll never get a good job. If I canโt get a good job, then Iโm going to have to live in my parentsโ basement forever. Guess Iโll sign up for the A.P. class.
A. Scare Tactic
B..Slippery Slope
C. Hasty Generalization
D. Faulty Causality
6.You need to go to the party with me, otherwise youโll just be bored at home.
A. hasty generalization
B..post hoc
C. false dichotomy
D. appeal to ignorance
E. tu quoque
7. I know the professor said the Bridges of Madison County was smarmy trash and lacked any artistic worth. But I still think he's wrong. After all, it was on the best-seller list for over 100 weeks.
A. Scare Tactics
B..Red Herring
C. Bandwagon Argument
D. Begging the Question
Forwarded from DDU University Info
8.An ad hominem attack
is a very effective debate strategy goes after a person's argument. is always against a popular idea. is an attack on the person, not the argument
9. Teacher: If I let you go to the bathroom pretty soon everybody will want to go to the bathroom. This is an example of
A. Argument from Authority
B. The Bandwagon Fallacy
C. An Ad Hominem attack
D. The Slippery Slope Fallacy
10."Good morning! Have you gotten over the grouchy mood you were in?"
A..Loaded question
B. Ad hominem
C. False dilemma
D. False analogy
is a very effective debate strategy goes after a person's argument. is always against a popular idea. is an attack on the person, not the argument
9. Teacher: If I let you go to the bathroom pretty soon everybody will want to go to the bathroom. This is an example of
A. Argument from Authority
B. The Bandwagon Fallacy
C. An Ad Hominem attack
D. The Slippery Slope Fallacy
10."Good morning! Have you gotten over the grouchy mood you were in?"
A..Loaded question
B. Ad hominem
C. False dilemma
D. False analogy
๐1