πBATCH OF STUDENT pinned Β«All ddu final Social and natural Ddu working sheet: Economic final Ddu 1, https://t.me/tumimfamil/391?single 2, https://t.me/tumimfamil/407?single 3, https://t.me/tumimfamil/419?single Logic final DDU 1, https://t.me/c/2104872456/769 2, https://t.me/c/2104872456/832β¦Β»
Forwarded from Campus Handout
π² Logic Study Book
Chapter 5
β‘οΈ αα α ααα¬α½αα½α α ααα£α₯ αααα£α!
α¨ Fallacy ααα΅ α α«α³α΅α₯α π
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πΈ α¨α₯α«αα³αα± αα₯α΅ α αα α¨α°αα«α© α©αα¨αα²α² α¨α°αα£α± αα°ααα½ α¨α ααα΅ α₯α α α αα₯α«αͺα«αΈα α¨ Module α αα£αα΅
πΈ α₯αα²αα ααα°α ααα α΅ α αα α¨αα Practice Questions
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π α ααα¬α½αα αααα¨α΅
π α¨α ααα¬α½α α α ααα αααͺαͺα« ( User Guide )
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Chapter 5
β‘οΈ αα α ααα¬α½αα½α α ααα£α₯ αααα£α!
α¨ Fallacy ααα΅ α α«α³α΅α₯α π
--------------------------------------------------
Study Book αα α α«α·α ?
πΈ α¨αα αααα α₯ α₯α ααα΅α³αα΅ α¨ααα½ α αα Short Note
πΈ αα«αα³αα± ααα΅ α¨ Short Note α α£α α«α α¨ ααα α¨αα αα³α¦α½ α₯α» α¨α°α«α°α±α α΅ "πKey Points" α¨α°α£α αα΅
πΈ α¨α₯α«αα³αα± αα₯α΅ α αα α¨α°αα«α© α©αα¨αα²α² α¨α°αα£α± αα°ααα½ α¨α ααα΅ α₯α α α αα₯α«αͺα«αΈα α¨ Module α αα£αα΅
πΈ α₯αα²αα ααα°α ααα α΅ α αα α¨αα Practice Questions
--------------------------------------------------
π±α¨ Logic Study Book α ααα¬α½αα½α α ααααα΅ α₯ααα αα΅αΆα½ αααα¨α±
π α ααα¬α½αα αααα¨α΅
π α¨α ααα¬α½α α α ααα αααͺαͺα« ( User Guide )
π¨βπ α ααα¬α½ααα α΅α΅α αα α¨α°αΈαα«αΉ ααα Login Password α¨α¨α³αΉ α @campus_pdf α ααα©α
β€1π1
memory and forgetting question:
1. What is memory?
a) A passive storage unit
b) A process of encoding, storage, and retrieval of information
c) A temporary sensory experience
2. Which term describes the initial process of registering information into memory?
a) Forgetting
b) Encoding
c) Retrieval
3. What is short-term memory also known as?
a) Working memory
b) Long-term memory
c) Sensory memory
4. Which type of memory has a limited capacity and duration?
a) Short-term memory
b) Long-term memory
c) Sensory memory
5. What is the process of keeping information in memory over time?
a) Retrieval
b) Encoding
c) Storage
6. What is proactive interference in memory?
a) New information interferes with old information
b) Previously learned information interferes with new information
c) Memories fade away naturally
7. Which type of memory involves conscious recollection of past events and experiences?
a) Implicit memory
b) Procedural memory
c) Explicit memory
8. Retrograde amnesia is characterized by the inability to:
a) Remember events that occurred after amnesia
b) Remember events that occurred before amnesia
c) Remember recent events
9. What is the term for the inability to form new memories?
a) Anterograde amnesia
b) Retrograde amnesia
c) Retroactive interference
10. Decay theory suggests that forgetting occurs due to:
a) New memories interfering with old ones
b) The fading of memory traces over time
c) Inaccurate encoding of memories
11. What is a mnemonic device?
a) A medication for memory enhancement
b) A memory aid or trick to help recall information
c) A disorder affecting memory retention
12. Which of the following is not a stage of memory?
a) Forgetting
b) Encoding
c) Retrieval
13. What is the term for the phenomenon where new memories disrupt the recall of old memories?
a) Proactive interference
b) Retrograde amnesia
c) Retroactive interference
14. What is implicit memory?
a) Memory with conscious recollection
b) Memory for facts and knowledge
c) Memory without conscious awareness
15. The hippocampus is associated with which type of memory?
a) Working memory
b) Long-term memory
c) Short-term memory
16. Which type of memory involves skills and procedures?
a) Semantic memory
b) Procedural memory
c) Episodic memory
17. How does retrieval cues affect memory recall?
a) Enhances memory recall by providing clues
b) Suppresses memory recall by introducing distractions
c) Doesn't affect memory recall
18. What is context-dependent memory?
a) Recalling information in different environmental contexts
b) Memory retrieval being improved by returning to the context where the memory was formed
c) Forgetting information due to lack of environmental cues
19. What is state-dependent memory?
a) Memory retrieval influenced by an individual's current emotional state
b) Retrieval of memories independently of one's emotional state
c) Memory improvement through emotional states
20. What is the term for the action of revising information repeatedly to aid memory retention?
a) Elaborative rehearsal
b) Maintenance rehearsal
c) Chunking
1. What is memory?
a) A passive storage unit
b) A process of encoding, storage, and retrieval of information
c) A temporary sensory experience
2. Which term describes the initial process of registering information into memory?
a) Forgetting
b) Encoding
c) Retrieval
3. What is short-term memory also known as?
a) Working memory
b) Long-term memory
c) Sensory memory
4. Which type of memory has a limited capacity and duration?
a) Short-term memory
b) Long-term memory
c) Sensory memory
5. What is the process of keeping information in memory over time?
a) Retrieval
b) Encoding
c) Storage
6. What is proactive interference in memory?
a) New information interferes with old information
b) Previously learned information interferes with new information
c) Memories fade away naturally
7. Which type of memory involves conscious recollection of past events and experiences?
a) Implicit memory
b) Procedural memory
c) Explicit memory
8. Retrograde amnesia is characterized by the inability to:
a) Remember events that occurred after amnesia
b) Remember events that occurred before amnesia
c) Remember recent events
9. What is the term for the inability to form new memories?
a) Anterograde amnesia
b) Retrograde amnesia
c) Retroactive interference
10. Decay theory suggests that forgetting occurs due to:
a) New memories interfering with old ones
b) The fading of memory traces over time
c) Inaccurate encoding of memories
11. What is a mnemonic device?
a) A medication for memory enhancement
b) A memory aid or trick to help recall information
c) A disorder affecting memory retention
12. Which of the following is not a stage of memory?
a) Forgetting
b) Encoding
c) Retrieval
13. What is the term for the phenomenon where new memories disrupt the recall of old memories?
a) Proactive interference
b) Retrograde amnesia
c) Retroactive interference
14. What is implicit memory?
a) Memory with conscious recollection
b) Memory for facts and knowledge
c) Memory without conscious awareness
15. The hippocampus is associated with which type of memory?
a) Working memory
b) Long-term memory
c) Short-term memory
16. Which type of memory involves skills and procedures?
a) Semantic memory
b) Procedural memory
c) Episodic memory
17. How does retrieval cues affect memory recall?
a) Enhances memory recall by providing clues
b) Suppresses memory recall by introducing distractions
c) Doesn't affect memory recall
18. What is context-dependent memory?
a) Recalling information in different environmental contexts
b) Memory retrieval being improved by returning to the context where the memory was formed
c) Forgetting information due to lack of environmental cues
19. What is state-dependent memory?
a) Memory retrieval influenced by an individual's current emotional state
b) Retrieval of memories independently of one's emotional state
c) Memory improvement through emotional states
20. What is the term for the action of revising information repeatedly to aid memory retention?
a) Elaborative rehearsal
b) Maintenance rehearsal
c) Chunking
π7β€1
πBATCH OF STUDENT
memory and forgetting question: 1. What is memory? a) A passive storage unit b) A process of encoding, storage, and retrieval of information c) A temporary sensory experience 2. Which term describes the initial process of registering informationβ¦
Telegram
EYOB in studying group for yohana
memory and forgetting:
1. What is memory?
Answer: b) A process of encoding, storage, and retrieval of information
2. Which term describes the initial process of registering information into memory?
Answer: b) Encoding
3. What is short-term memoryβ¦
1. What is memory?
Answer: b) A process of encoding, storage, and retrieval of information
2. Which term describes the initial process of registering information into memory?
Answer: b) Encoding
3. What is short-term memoryβ¦
β€2π₯1π1
topic of motivation and emotion:
1. What is motivation?
a) A state of being content and satisfied
b) The internal process that activates, guides, and maintains behavior
c) A response to external rewards only
2. Which theory of motivation suggests that behavior is driven by the desire to satisfy biological needs?
a) Drive reduction theory
b) Humanistic theory
c) Incentive theory
3. What is intrinsic motivation?
a) Motivation that comes from external rewards
b) Motivation that comes from within oneself
c) Motivation solely based on performance outcomes
4. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which need must be fulfilled first?
a) Esteem needs
b) Self-actualization needs
c) Physiological needs
5. Which theory of emotion suggests that physiological arousal precedes the experience of emotion?
a) Cannon-Bard theory
b) James-Lange theory
c) Schachter-Singer theory
6. What is the fight-or-flight response in relation to emotion?
a) A response to stress involving rapid heartbeat and breathing
b) A state of calmness and relaxation
c) A cognitive appraisal of a situation
7. How does the Yerkes-Dodson law relate arousal and performance?
a) Higher arousal always leads to better performance
b) Moderate arousal leads to optimal performance
c) Low arousal enhances performance the most
8. What is the role of the amygdala in emotion?
a) It controls voluntary movements related to emotional responses
b) It processes and regulates emotions, particularly fear
c) It is responsible for higher-order cognitive functions
9. What is the purpose of the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions?
a) To narrow cognitive focus for efficient decision-making
b) To enhance cognitive flexibility and build long-term resources
c) To suppress emotional responses in stressful situations
10. Which theory suggests that emotions are the result of cognitive appraisals of situations?
a) James-Lange theory
b) Schachter-Singer theory
c) Lazarus theory
11. What is the role of dopamine in motivation?
a) It regulates stress responses in the brain
b) It is involved in the brain's reward system
c) It controls heart rate and breathing
12. What is the difference between extrinsic and intrinsic motivation?
a) Extrinsic is from external rewards, intrinsic is from internal desires
b) Extrinsic is long-lasting, intrinsic is short-lived
c) Extrinsic is based on survival instincts, intrinsic is based on social needs
13. What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in motivation?
a) It oversees complex cognitive processes related to motivation
b) It regulates basic needs such as hunger and thirst
c) It processes memories associated with motivation
14. How is self-determination theory related to motivation?
a) It focuses on the motivation to fulfill one's potential and self-actualization
b) It emphasizes social factors influencing motivation
c) It explains how individuals seek to minimize harm and maximize benefits in motivation
15. What is the role of goal-setting in motivation theory?
a) Setting clear goals reduces motivation
b) Having clear goals increases motivation and performance
c) Goals have no influence on motivation
16. Which brain structure is responsible for the regulation of emotions such as fear and aggression?
a) Prefrontal cortex
b) Hippocampus
c) Amygdala
17. According to the Two-Factor Theory of emotion, what are the two factors involved in the experience of emotion?
a) Physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation
b) External rewards and internal motivations
c) Innate responses and learned behaviors
18. What role does the prefrontal cortex play in motivation?
a) It regulates basic physiological needs
b) It is involved in decision-making and goal-setting
c) It controls emotional responses in the brain
1. What is motivation?
a) A state of being content and satisfied
b) The internal process that activates, guides, and maintains behavior
c) A response to external rewards only
2. Which theory of motivation suggests that behavior is driven by the desire to satisfy biological needs?
a) Drive reduction theory
b) Humanistic theory
c) Incentive theory
3. What is intrinsic motivation?
a) Motivation that comes from external rewards
b) Motivation that comes from within oneself
c) Motivation solely based on performance outcomes
4. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which need must be fulfilled first?
a) Esteem needs
b) Self-actualization needs
c) Physiological needs
5. Which theory of emotion suggests that physiological arousal precedes the experience of emotion?
a) Cannon-Bard theory
b) James-Lange theory
c) Schachter-Singer theory
6. What is the fight-or-flight response in relation to emotion?
a) A response to stress involving rapid heartbeat and breathing
b) A state of calmness and relaxation
c) A cognitive appraisal of a situation
7. How does the Yerkes-Dodson law relate arousal and performance?
a) Higher arousal always leads to better performance
b) Moderate arousal leads to optimal performance
c) Low arousal enhances performance the most
8. What is the role of the amygdala in emotion?
a) It controls voluntary movements related to emotional responses
b) It processes and regulates emotions, particularly fear
c) It is responsible for higher-order cognitive functions
9. What is the purpose of the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions?
a) To narrow cognitive focus for efficient decision-making
b) To enhance cognitive flexibility and build long-term resources
c) To suppress emotional responses in stressful situations
10. Which theory suggests that emotions are the result of cognitive appraisals of situations?
a) James-Lange theory
b) Schachter-Singer theory
c) Lazarus theory
11. What is the role of dopamine in motivation?
a) It regulates stress responses in the brain
b) It is involved in the brain's reward system
c) It controls heart rate and breathing
12. What is the difference between extrinsic and intrinsic motivation?
a) Extrinsic is from external rewards, intrinsic is from internal desires
b) Extrinsic is long-lasting, intrinsic is short-lived
c) Extrinsic is based on survival instincts, intrinsic is based on social needs
13. What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in motivation?
a) It oversees complex cognitive processes related to motivation
b) It regulates basic needs such as hunger and thirst
c) It processes memories associated with motivation
14. How is self-determination theory related to motivation?
a) It focuses on the motivation to fulfill one's potential and self-actualization
b) It emphasizes social factors influencing motivation
c) It explains how individuals seek to minimize harm and maximize benefits in motivation
15. What is the role of goal-setting in motivation theory?
a) Setting clear goals reduces motivation
b) Having clear goals increases motivation and performance
c) Goals have no influence on motivation
16. Which brain structure is responsible for the regulation of emotions such as fear and aggression?
a) Prefrontal cortex
b) Hippocampus
c) Amygdala
17. According to the Two-Factor Theory of emotion, what are the two factors involved in the experience of emotion?
a) Physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation
b) External rewards and internal motivations
c) Innate responses and learned behaviors
18. What role does the prefrontal cortex play in motivation?
a) It regulates basic physiological needs
b) It is involved in decision-making and goal-setting
c) It controls emotional responses in the brain
π7
19. How does the self-efficacy theory relate to motivation?
a) It focuses on the influence of others on motivation
b) It emphasizes an individual's belief in their ability to succeed
c) It explains how physiological needs drive motivation
20. What is emotional intelligence?
a) The ability to understand and manage one's emotions and those of others
b) The capacity to suppress emotional responses
c) The ability to isolate emotions from decision-making processes
a) It focuses on the influence of others on motivation
b) It emphasizes an individual's belief in their ability to succeed
c) It explains how physiological needs drive motivation
20. What is emotional intelligence?
a) The ability to understand and manage one's emotions and those of others
b) The capacity to suppress emotional responses
c) The ability to isolate emotions from decision-making processes
πBATCH OF STUDENT
19. How does the self-efficacy theory relate to motivation? a) It focuses on the influence of others on motivation b) It emphasizes an individual's belief in their ability to succeed c) It explains how physiological needs drive motivation 20.β¦
Telegram
EYOB in studying group for yohana
topic of motivation and emotion:
1. What is motivation?
Answer: b) The internal process that activates, guides, and maintains behavior
2. Which theory of motivation suggests that behavior is driven by the desire to satisfy biological needs?
Answer:β¦
1. What is motivation?
Answer: b) The internal process that activates, guides, and maintains behavior
2. Which theory of motivation suggests that behavior is driven by the desire to satisfy biological needs?
Answer:β¦
β€1π₯1
the topic of personality:
1. What is personality?
a) A fixed set of traits that never change
b) An individual's unique pattern of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
c) A result of genetic factors only
2. Which theory of personality emphasizes the role of the unconscious mind?
a) Trait theory
b) Humanistic theory
c) Psychodynamic theory
3. What are the Big Five personality traits?
a) Openness, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism
b) Confidence, Assertiveness, Sociability, Humility, Flexibility
c) Intelligence, Competence, Confidence, Sociability, Emotionality
4. According to Freud, which part of the personality operates on the pleasure principle?
a) Ego
b) Superego
c) Id
5. What is self-efficacy in personality psychology?
a) A person's actual ability to master particular tasks
b) A person's belief in their ability to succeed in specific situations
c) A person's self-esteem level
6. How does the concept of self-concept differ from self-esteem?
a) Self-concept refers to a person's self-worth, while self-esteem refers to their self-identity
b) Self-concept is stable and unchanging, while self-esteem can fluctuate
c) Self-concept encompasses a person's beliefs about themselves, while self-esteem reflects feelings about those beliefs
7. What is the social cognitive perspective on personality?
a) It emphasizes the role of unconscious thoughts in shaping personality
b) It focuses on how personality is influenced by observational learning and personal experiences
c) It suggests that personality is determined solely by genetic factors
8. According to Carl Rogers, what is the key element in fostering personal growth and development?
a) Self-actualization
b) Self-discrepancy
c) Self-regulation
9. What is the role of heritability in personality traits?
a) Heritability refers to the extent to which genetic factors contribute to individual differences in a specific trait
b) Heritability determines a person's personality regardless of environmental factors
c) Heritability has no impact on personality traits
10. What is the difference between introversion and extroversion according to the Five Factor Model of personality?
a) Extroverts tend to be more outgoing and social, while introverts are more reserved and quiet
b) Introverts are more emotionally stable than extroverts
c) Extroverts are more open to new experiences compared to introverts
11. How does reciprocal determinism explain personality development?
a) Personality is shaped by interactions between an individual's traits, environment, and behavior
b) Genetics alone determine one's personality
c) Personality is fixed and cannot change
12. What is the purpose of projective tests in assessing personality?
a) They provide objective measurements of specific personality traits
b) They present ambiguous stimuli to reveal unconscious aspects of personality
c) They are based on self-report questionnaires
13. What is the self-serving bias in relation to personality?
a) The tendency to attribute successes to internal factors and failures to external factors
b) The belief in one's ability to succeed in challenging situations
c) The tendency to underestimate one's own capabilities
14. According to the trait theory of personality, what are traits?
a) Stable characteristics that influence behavior across various situations
b) Temporary states that change frequently
c) Traits are irrelevant to personality development
15. What is the purpose of the MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) test?
a) It assesses mental health and detects psychological disorders
b) It measures intelligence and cognitive abilities
c) It evaluates emotional intelligence
1. What is personality?
a) A fixed set of traits that never change
b) An individual's unique pattern of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
c) A result of genetic factors only
2. Which theory of personality emphasizes the role of the unconscious mind?
a) Trait theory
b) Humanistic theory
c) Psychodynamic theory
3. What are the Big Five personality traits?
a) Openness, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism
b) Confidence, Assertiveness, Sociability, Humility, Flexibility
c) Intelligence, Competence, Confidence, Sociability, Emotionality
4. According to Freud, which part of the personality operates on the pleasure principle?
a) Ego
b) Superego
c) Id
5. What is self-efficacy in personality psychology?
a) A person's actual ability to master particular tasks
b) A person's belief in their ability to succeed in specific situations
c) A person's self-esteem level
6. How does the concept of self-concept differ from self-esteem?
a) Self-concept refers to a person's self-worth, while self-esteem refers to their self-identity
b) Self-concept is stable and unchanging, while self-esteem can fluctuate
c) Self-concept encompasses a person's beliefs about themselves, while self-esteem reflects feelings about those beliefs
7. What is the social cognitive perspective on personality?
a) It emphasizes the role of unconscious thoughts in shaping personality
b) It focuses on how personality is influenced by observational learning and personal experiences
c) It suggests that personality is determined solely by genetic factors
8. According to Carl Rogers, what is the key element in fostering personal growth and development?
a) Self-actualization
b) Self-discrepancy
c) Self-regulation
9. What is the role of heritability in personality traits?
a) Heritability refers to the extent to which genetic factors contribute to individual differences in a specific trait
b) Heritability determines a person's personality regardless of environmental factors
c) Heritability has no impact on personality traits
10. What is the difference between introversion and extroversion according to the Five Factor Model of personality?
a) Extroverts tend to be more outgoing and social, while introverts are more reserved and quiet
b) Introverts are more emotionally stable than extroverts
c) Extroverts are more open to new experiences compared to introverts
11. How does reciprocal determinism explain personality development?
a) Personality is shaped by interactions between an individual's traits, environment, and behavior
b) Genetics alone determine one's personality
c) Personality is fixed and cannot change
12. What is the purpose of projective tests in assessing personality?
a) They provide objective measurements of specific personality traits
b) They present ambiguous stimuli to reveal unconscious aspects of personality
c) They are based on self-report questionnaires
13. What is the self-serving bias in relation to personality?
a) The tendency to attribute successes to internal factors and failures to external factors
b) The belief in one's ability to succeed in challenging situations
c) The tendency to underestimate one's own capabilities
14. According to the trait theory of personality, what are traits?
a) Stable characteristics that influence behavior across various situations
b) Temporary states that change frequently
c) Traits are irrelevant to personality development
15. What is the purpose of the MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) test?
a) It assesses mental health and detects psychological disorders
b) It measures intelligence and cognitive abilities
c) It evaluates emotional intelligence
β€1
16. What is the difference between self-report measures and behavioral assessments in personality testing?
a) Self-report measures rely on observable behaviors, while behavioral assessments rely on self-perception
b) Self-report measures are based on personal judgment, while behavioral assessments observe actual behavior
c) Self-report measures are more objective than behavioral assessments
17. How does self-verification theory influence personality development?
a) Individuals seek confirmation of their self-concept, even if negative
b) Individuals strive to enhance their self-esteem through positive feedback
c) Personality traits are solely shaped by environmental factors
18. What is the role of the defense mechanisms in Freud's psychoanalytic theory of personality?
a) Defense mechanisms protect an individual from harm by hiding true feelings
b) Defense mechanisms represent an individual's moral standards and values
c) Defense mechanisms have no impact on personality development
19. How does the concept of the "self" differ in Eastern and Western cultures?
a) Eastern cultures emphasize collectivism and social harmony, while Western cultures focus on individualism and personal achievement
b) Eastern and Western cultures have identical views on the concept of self
c) Eastern cultures prioritize personal goals, while Western cultures stress communal well-being
20. What is the role of culture in shaping personality?
a) Culture has minimal impact on personality development
b) Culture influences the values, beliefs, and behaviors that shape personality
c) Personality is entirely genetically determined and unaffected by culture
a) Self-report measures rely on observable behaviors, while behavioral assessments rely on self-perception
b) Self-report measures are based on personal judgment, while behavioral assessments observe actual behavior
c) Self-report measures are more objective than behavioral assessments
17. How does self-verification theory influence personality development?
a) Individuals seek confirmation of their self-concept, even if negative
b) Individuals strive to enhance their self-esteem through positive feedback
c) Personality traits are solely shaped by environmental factors
18. What is the role of the defense mechanisms in Freud's psychoanalytic theory of personality?
a) Defense mechanisms protect an individual from harm by hiding true feelings
b) Defense mechanisms represent an individual's moral standards and values
c) Defense mechanisms have no impact on personality development
19. How does the concept of the "self" differ in Eastern and Western cultures?
a) Eastern cultures emphasize collectivism and social harmony, while Western cultures focus on individualism and personal achievement
b) Eastern and Western cultures have identical views on the concept of self
c) Eastern cultures prioritize personal goals, while Western cultures stress communal well-being
20. What is the role of culture in shaping personality?
a) Culture has minimal impact on personality development
b) Culture influences the values, beliefs, and behaviors that shape personality
c) Personality is entirely genetically determined and unaffected by culture
π1
πBATCH OF STUDENT
16. What is the difference between self-report measures and behavioral assessments in personality testing? a) Self-report measures rely on observable behaviors, while behavioral assessments rely on self-perception b) Self-report measures are basedβ¦
Telegram
EYOB in studying group for yohana
Topic of personality answers:
1. What is personality?
Answer: b) An individual's unique pattern of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
2. Which theory of personality emphasizes the role of the unconscious mind?
Answer: c) Psychodynamic theory
3. Whatβ¦
1. What is personality?
Answer: b) An individual's unique pattern of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
2. Which theory of personality emphasizes the role of the unconscious mind?
Answer: c) Psychodynamic theory
3. Whatβ¦
Questions
Unit 4 memory and forgetting
https://t.me/diredawa2015/228
Answer
https://t.me/diredawa2015/229
Unit 5 motivation and emotion
https://t.me/diredawa2015/230
Answer https://t.me/diredawa2015/232
Unit 6 PERSONALITY
https://t.me/diredawa2015/233
Answer https://t.me/diredawa2015/235
Unit 7
https://t.me/diredawa2015/237
Answers
https://t.me/yohana1234567/989
Unit 4 memory and forgetting
https://t.me/diredawa2015/228
Answer
https://t.me/diredawa2015/229
Unit 5 motivation and emotion
https://t.me/diredawa2015/230
Answer https://t.me/diredawa2015/232
Unit 6 PERSONALITY
https://t.me/diredawa2015/233
Answer https://t.me/diredawa2015/235
Unit 7
https://t.me/diredawa2015/237
Answers
https://t.me/yohana1234567/989
topic of psychological disorders and treatment techniques:
1. What is a psychological disorder?
a) A temporary emotional state
b) A pattern of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors that causes significant distress or impairment
c) A normal variation in human behavior
2. Which of the following is not a category of mental disorders in the DSM-5?
a) Anxiety disorders
b) Major depressive disorder
c) Behavioral disorders
3. What is the primary difference between mood disorders and anxiety disorders?
a) Mood disorders are characterized by excessive worry, while anxiety disorders involve disturbances in mood
b) Mood disorders involve disruptions in mood regulation, while anxiety disorders involve excessive fear or anxiety
c) Mood disorders are temporary, while anxiety disorders are chronic
4. What is the most common type of psychological disorder in the United States?
a) Bipolar disorder
b) Major depressive disorder
c) Schizophrenia
5. What is the purpose of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)?
a) It provides a comprehensive list of potential psychological disorders and their symptoms
b) It offers treatment recommendations for mental health professionals
c) It focuses on prevention strategies for psychological disorders
6. What is the main characteristic of generalized anxiety disorder?
a) Sudden episodes of intense fear or panic
b) Persistent and excessive worry about various aspects of life
c) Excessive preoccupation with physical symptoms without a medical cause
7. Which of the following is a symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
a) Intense fear of social situations
b) Intrusive thoughts creating anxiety and repetitive behaviors
c) Rapid mood swings and impulsivity
8. What is the primary feature of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
a) Fear of leaving one's home
b) Flashbacks, nightmares, and severe anxiety following a traumatic event
c) Lack of emotional expression or reaction to events
9. What is the most effective treatment for phobias?
a) Medication
b) Cognitive-behavioral therapy
c) Hypnosis
10. Which of the following is not a common symptom of schizophrenia?
a) Hallucinations
b) Dissociative identity disorder
c) Delusions
11. What is the goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)?
a) To uncover unconscious conflicts
b) To change negative thought patterns and behaviors
c) To provide insight into past traumas
12. How does medication typically work in treating psychological disorders?
a) It cures the disorder completely
b) It alleviates symptoms but does not address underlying causes
c) It has no effect on psychological disorders
13. What is the main principle behind exposure therapy for treating phobias?
a) Encouraging avoidance of feared situations
b) Gradually exposing individuals to feared objects or situations to reduce anxiety
c) Providing medication to reduce anxiety levels
14. What is the purpose of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)?
a) To address maladaptive behaviors and thought patterns in individuals with borderline personality disorder
b) To explore deep-seated emotional conflicts
c) To enhance memory and cognitive functioning
15. What is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) primarily used for?
a) Treating anxiety disorders
b) Severe depression that has not responded to other treatments
c) Bipolar disorder management
16. What role do antipsychotic medications play in treating schizophrenia?
a) They cure the disorder completely
b) They help manage psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions
c) They increase the risk of suicide
17. What is the primary technique used in psychodynamic therapy?
a) Exposure to feared stimuli
b) Dream analysis and exploring unconscious conflicts
c) Relaxation training
1. What is a psychological disorder?
a) A temporary emotional state
b) A pattern of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors that causes significant distress or impairment
c) A normal variation in human behavior
2. Which of the following is not a category of mental disorders in the DSM-5?
a) Anxiety disorders
b) Major depressive disorder
c) Behavioral disorders
3. What is the primary difference between mood disorders and anxiety disorders?
a) Mood disorders are characterized by excessive worry, while anxiety disorders involve disturbances in mood
b) Mood disorders involve disruptions in mood regulation, while anxiety disorders involve excessive fear or anxiety
c) Mood disorders are temporary, while anxiety disorders are chronic
4. What is the most common type of psychological disorder in the United States?
a) Bipolar disorder
b) Major depressive disorder
c) Schizophrenia
5. What is the purpose of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)?
a) It provides a comprehensive list of potential psychological disorders and their symptoms
b) It offers treatment recommendations for mental health professionals
c) It focuses on prevention strategies for psychological disorders
6. What is the main characteristic of generalized anxiety disorder?
a) Sudden episodes of intense fear or panic
b) Persistent and excessive worry about various aspects of life
c) Excessive preoccupation with physical symptoms without a medical cause
7. Which of the following is a symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
a) Intense fear of social situations
b) Intrusive thoughts creating anxiety and repetitive behaviors
c) Rapid mood swings and impulsivity
8. What is the primary feature of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
a) Fear of leaving one's home
b) Flashbacks, nightmares, and severe anxiety following a traumatic event
c) Lack of emotional expression or reaction to events
9. What is the most effective treatment for phobias?
a) Medication
b) Cognitive-behavioral therapy
c) Hypnosis
10. Which of the following is not a common symptom of schizophrenia?
a) Hallucinations
b) Dissociative identity disorder
c) Delusions
11. What is the goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)?
a) To uncover unconscious conflicts
b) To change negative thought patterns and behaviors
c) To provide insight into past traumas
12. How does medication typically work in treating psychological disorders?
a) It cures the disorder completely
b) It alleviates symptoms but does not address underlying causes
c) It has no effect on psychological disorders
13. What is the main principle behind exposure therapy for treating phobias?
a) Encouraging avoidance of feared situations
b) Gradually exposing individuals to feared objects or situations to reduce anxiety
c) Providing medication to reduce anxiety levels
14. What is the purpose of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)?
a) To address maladaptive behaviors and thought patterns in individuals with borderline personality disorder
b) To explore deep-seated emotional conflicts
c) To enhance memory and cognitive functioning
15. What is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) primarily used for?
a) Treating anxiety disorders
b) Severe depression that has not responded to other treatments
c) Bipolar disorder management
16. What role do antipsychotic medications play in treating schizophrenia?
a) They cure the disorder completely
b) They help manage psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions
c) They increase the risk of suicide
17. What is the primary technique used in psychodynamic therapy?
a) Exposure to feared stimuli
b) Dream analysis and exploring unconscious conflicts
c) Relaxation training
π3
18. Which approach to therapy focuses on the present moment and emphasizes non-judgmental awareness?
a) Cognitive-behavioral therapy
b) Humanistic therapy
c) Mindfulness-based therapy
19. How does reinforcement work in behavior therapy?
a) Punishing unwanted behaviors through negative consequences
b) Rewarding desired behaviors to encourage their repetition
c) Encouraging the expression of negative emotions
20. What is the primary goal of family therapy?
a) To diagnose individual psychological disorders
b) To address and improve family interactions and communication
c) To promote individual independence from family structures
a) Cognitive-behavioral therapy
b) Humanistic therapy
c) Mindfulness-based therapy
19. How does reinforcement work in behavior therapy?
a) Punishing unwanted behaviors through negative consequences
b) Rewarding desired behaviors to encourage their repetition
c) Encouraging the expression of negative emotions
20. What is the primary goal of family therapy?
a) To diagnose individual psychological disorders
b) To address and improve family interactions and communication
c) To promote individual independence from family structures
πBATCH OF STUDENT
Questions Unit 4 memory and forgetting https://t.me/diredawa2015/228 Answer https://t.me/diredawa2015/229 Unit 5 motivation and emotion https://t.me/diredawa2015/230 Answer https://t.me/diredawa2015/232 Unit 6 PERSONALITY https://t.me/diredawa2015/233 Answerβ¦
I think your exam not considered Unit 7
Unit 4 - 6
1. What is the process of encoding in memory?
a) Storing information in memory
b) Retrieving information from memory
c) Converting information into a form suitable for storage
2. Which type of memory is typically associated with remembering personal experiences and events?
a) Semantic memory
b) Procedural memory
c) Episodic memory
3. What term describes the inability to remember events from early childhood?
a) Retrograde amnesia
b) Infantile amnesia
c) Anterograde amnesia
4. What is the role of motivation in behavior?
a) It involves regulating physiological processes like hunger and thirst
b) It energizes and directs behavior towards specific goals
c) It controls emotional responses to external stimuli
5. Which theory of emotion suggests that physiological arousal precedes the experience of emotion?
a) James-Lange theory
b) Cannon-Bard theory
c) Schachter-Singer theory
6. What is the primary difference between extrinsic and intrinsic motivation?
a) Extrinsic motivation comes from internal factors, while intrinsic motivation arises from external rewards
b) Extrinsic motivation involves pursuing activities for personal satisfaction, while intrinsic motivation involves external pressures
c) Extrinsic motivation is driven by external rewards or consequences, while intrinsic motivation comes from internal desires or enjoyment
7. What is the purpose of emotional regulation?
a) To suppress all emotions to avoid conflict
b) To manage and modify one's emotional responses to adapt to situations
c) To intensify emotional reactions for better communication
8. Which personality trait in the Big Five model relates to being careful, responsible, and organized?
a) Openness
b) Conscientiousness
c) Extroversion
9. According to Freud, which part of the personality operates on the reality principle?
a) Id
b) Ego
c) Superego
10. What is the purpose of defense mechanisms in personality psychology?
a) To suppress unwanted thoughts and desires
b) To protect the conscious mind from harmful or threatening thoughts
c) To facilitate the expression of unconscious desires
11. How does the humanistic perspective on personality differ from other theories?
a) It emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts
b) It focuses on the potential for personal growth and self-actualization
c) It highlights the influence of childhood experiences on personality development
12. What is the central idea behind trait theory in personality psychology?
a) Personality is shaped by an individual's unique life experiences
b) Personality can be described and understood through a set of core traits
c) Personality is determined by unconscious desires and conflicts
13. How does social-cognitive theory explain personality development?
a) It focuses on genetic influences on behavior
b) It highlights the interplay between personal characteristics, environmental factors, and behavior
c) It emphasizes the role of early childhood experiences in shaping personality
14. What is the main goal of psychoanalytic therapy based on Freud's theories?
a) To analyze dreams and unconscious conflicts
b) To bring unconscious conflicts to the conscious mind for resolution
c) To focus on changing maladaptive behaviors through conditioning
15. How does self-esteem differ from self-efficacy in personality psychology?
a) Self-esteem refers to an individual's belief in their ability to succeed, while self-efficacy is the overall evaluation of oneself
b) Self-efficacy relates specifically to confidence in performing tasks, while self-esteem involves feelings of self-worth
c) Self-esteem is based on external validation, while self-efficacy is internally driven
1. What is the process of encoding in memory?
a) Storing information in memory
b) Retrieving information from memory
c) Converting information into a form suitable for storage
2. Which type of memory is typically associated with remembering personal experiences and events?
a) Semantic memory
b) Procedural memory
c) Episodic memory
3. What term describes the inability to remember events from early childhood?
a) Retrograde amnesia
b) Infantile amnesia
c) Anterograde amnesia
4. What is the role of motivation in behavior?
a) It involves regulating physiological processes like hunger and thirst
b) It energizes and directs behavior towards specific goals
c) It controls emotional responses to external stimuli
5. Which theory of emotion suggests that physiological arousal precedes the experience of emotion?
a) James-Lange theory
b) Cannon-Bard theory
c) Schachter-Singer theory
6. What is the primary difference between extrinsic and intrinsic motivation?
a) Extrinsic motivation comes from internal factors, while intrinsic motivation arises from external rewards
b) Extrinsic motivation involves pursuing activities for personal satisfaction, while intrinsic motivation involves external pressures
c) Extrinsic motivation is driven by external rewards or consequences, while intrinsic motivation comes from internal desires or enjoyment
7. What is the purpose of emotional regulation?
a) To suppress all emotions to avoid conflict
b) To manage and modify one's emotional responses to adapt to situations
c) To intensify emotional reactions for better communication
8. Which personality trait in the Big Five model relates to being careful, responsible, and organized?
a) Openness
b) Conscientiousness
c) Extroversion
9. According to Freud, which part of the personality operates on the reality principle?
a) Id
b) Ego
c) Superego
10. What is the purpose of defense mechanisms in personality psychology?
a) To suppress unwanted thoughts and desires
b) To protect the conscious mind from harmful or threatening thoughts
c) To facilitate the expression of unconscious desires
11. How does the humanistic perspective on personality differ from other theories?
a) It emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts
b) It focuses on the potential for personal growth and self-actualization
c) It highlights the influence of childhood experiences on personality development
12. What is the central idea behind trait theory in personality psychology?
a) Personality is shaped by an individual's unique life experiences
b) Personality can be described and understood through a set of core traits
c) Personality is determined by unconscious desires and conflicts
13. How does social-cognitive theory explain personality development?
a) It focuses on genetic influences on behavior
b) It highlights the interplay between personal characteristics, environmental factors, and behavior
c) It emphasizes the role of early childhood experiences in shaping personality
14. What is the main goal of psychoanalytic therapy based on Freud's theories?
a) To analyze dreams and unconscious conflicts
b) To bring unconscious conflicts to the conscious mind for resolution
c) To focus on changing maladaptive behaviors through conditioning
15. How does self-esteem differ from self-efficacy in personality psychology?
a) Self-esteem refers to an individual's belief in their ability to succeed, while self-efficacy is the overall evaluation of oneself
b) Self-efficacy relates specifically to confidence in performing tasks, while self-esteem involves feelings of self-worth
c) Self-esteem is based on external validation, while self-efficacy is internally driven
π2β€1
16. What is reciprocal determinism in personality theory?
a) The idea that personality is determined solely by genetic factors
b) The concept that individual characteristics, behavior, and environmental factors interact and influence each other
c) The belief that personality traits remain stable over time
17. How does culture influence personality development?
a) Culture has no impact on personality traits
b) Cultural norms, values, and societal expectations shape individuals' personality characteristics
c) Personality is entirely biologically determined and unaffected by cultural factors
18. What is the purpose of projective tests in assessing personality?
a) To measure specific personality traits objectively
b) To reveal unconscious aspects of personality through ambiguous stimuli
c) To assess cognitive abilities and intelligence
19. What is the self-serving bias in relation to personality?
a) The tendency to attribute successes to internal factors and failures to external factors
b) The belief that one's personality traits are superior to others
c) The inclination to seek psychological advice from others
20. How does the Five Factor Model of personality categorize personality traits?
a) Into three primary traits
b) Into five broad dimensions: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism
c) Into seven distinct categories based on childhood experiences
21. In the context of psychology, what does the term "emotional intelligence" refer to?
a) The ability to memorize emotions accurately
b) The capacity to understand, perceive, and manage emotions effectively
c) The concept of being emotionally sensitive to others' needs
22. Which area of the brain is heavily involved in emotional processing and memory formation?
a) Hippocampus
b) Frontal lobe
c) Cerebellum
23. What role does the amygdala play in emotion?
a) It regulates sleep patterns
b) It processes and identifies emotions, particularly fear and aggression
c) It controls muscle movement during emotional expression
24. Which theory of motivation suggests that physiological needs must be satisfied in a specific sequence?
a) Drive-reduction theory
b) Maslow's hierarchy of needs
c) Incentive theory
25. How does intrinsic motivation differ from extrinsic motivation?
a) Intrinsic motivation is driven by external rewards, while extrinsic motivation comes from internal drives
b) Intrinsic motivation arises from internal desires or enjoyment, while extrinsic motivation involves external rewards or consequences
c) Intrinsic motivation involves pursuing activities for personal satisfaction, while extrinsic motivation is based on social approval
26. What physiological process is associated with the fight-or-flight response to stress?
a) Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system
b) Release of adrenaline and cortisol
c) Decrease in heart rate and blood pressure
27. How does the Yerkes-Dodson law explain the relationship between arousal and performance?
a) Increased arousal always leads to improved performance
b) Optimal performance occurs at moderate levels of arousal; too much or too little arousal impairs performance
c) High arousal levels are necessary for complex tasks, while low arousal levels are suitable for simple tasks
28. What is the purpose of personality inventories in psychology?
a) They provide a standardized way to assess personality traits and characteristics
b) They analyze unconscious desires and conflicts
c) They focus on diagnosing mental disorders
29. What is the fundamental premise of the humanistic perspective on personality?
a) The belief that personality is shaped by unconscious conflicts
b) The emphasis on personal growth, self-actualization, and the importance of inner experiences
c) The focus on observable behaviors as the core of personality
a) The idea that personality is determined solely by genetic factors
b) The concept that individual characteristics, behavior, and environmental factors interact and influence each other
c) The belief that personality traits remain stable over time
17. How does culture influence personality development?
a) Culture has no impact on personality traits
b) Cultural norms, values, and societal expectations shape individuals' personality characteristics
c) Personality is entirely biologically determined and unaffected by cultural factors
18. What is the purpose of projective tests in assessing personality?
a) To measure specific personality traits objectively
b) To reveal unconscious aspects of personality through ambiguous stimuli
c) To assess cognitive abilities and intelligence
19. What is the self-serving bias in relation to personality?
a) The tendency to attribute successes to internal factors and failures to external factors
b) The belief that one's personality traits are superior to others
c) The inclination to seek psychological advice from others
20. How does the Five Factor Model of personality categorize personality traits?
a) Into three primary traits
b) Into five broad dimensions: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism
c) Into seven distinct categories based on childhood experiences
21. In the context of psychology, what does the term "emotional intelligence" refer to?
a) The ability to memorize emotions accurately
b) The capacity to understand, perceive, and manage emotions effectively
c) The concept of being emotionally sensitive to others' needs
22. Which area of the brain is heavily involved in emotional processing and memory formation?
a) Hippocampus
b) Frontal lobe
c) Cerebellum
23. What role does the amygdala play in emotion?
a) It regulates sleep patterns
b) It processes and identifies emotions, particularly fear and aggression
c) It controls muscle movement during emotional expression
24. Which theory of motivation suggests that physiological needs must be satisfied in a specific sequence?
a) Drive-reduction theory
b) Maslow's hierarchy of needs
c) Incentive theory
25. How does intrinsic motivation differ from extrinsic motivation?
a) Intrinsic motivation is driven by external rewards, while extrinsic motivation comes from internal drives
b) Intrinsic motivation arises from internal desires or enjoyment, while extrinsic motivation involves external rewards or consequences
c) Intrinsic motivation involves pursuing activities for personal satisfaction, while extrinsic motivation is based on social approval
26. What physiological process is associated with the fight-or-flight response to stress?
a) Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system
b) Release of adrenaline and cortisol
c) Decrease in heart rate and blood pressure
27. How does the Yerkes-Dodson law explain the relationship between arousal and performance?
a) Increased arousal always leads to improved performance
b) Optimal performance occurs at moderate levels of arousal; too much or too little arousal impairs performance
c) High arousal levels are necessary for complex tasks, while low arousal levels are suitable for simple tasks
28. What is the purpose of personality inventories in psychology?
a) They provide a standardized way to assess personality traits and characteristics
b) They analyze unconscious desires and conflicts
c) They focus on diagnosing mental disorders
29. What is the fundamental premise of the humanistic perspective on personality?
a) The belief that personality is shaped by unconscious conflicts
b) The emphasis on personal growth, self-actualization, and the importance of inner experiences
c) The focus on observable behaviors as the core of personality
π2
30. How does the social-cognitive theory approach the study of personality?
a) By emphasizing the interaction between cognitive processes, behavior, and environmental influences
b) By focusing on genetic predispositions and temperament
c) By considering the impact of cultural norms and societal expectations on personality
a) By emphasizing the interaction between cognitive processes, behavior, and environmental influences
b) By focusing on genetic predispositions and temperament
c) By considering the impact of cultural norms and societal expectations on personality