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πŸ“² Logic Study Book
Chapter 5

⚑️ ነገ αŠ α•αˆαŠ¬αˆ½αŠ“α‰½αŠ• αŒ‹ αˆˆαŠ•α‰£α‰₯ α‹­α‰€αˆ­α‰£αˆ!

የ Fallacy αˆ­α‹•αˆ΅ αŠ α‹«αˆ³αˆ΅α‰₯ም 😊

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Study Book  αˆαŠ• αŠ αŠ«α‰·αˆ ?

πŸ”Έ α‹¨αŠ›αŠ• αˆˆαˆ›αŠ•α‰ α‰₯ αŠ₯αŠ“ αˆˆαˆ›αˆ΅α‰³α‹ˆαˆ΅ α‹¨αˆšαˆ˜α‰½  αŒ α‰ƒαˆš Short Note

πŸ”Έ αˆˆα‹«αŠ•α‹³αŠ•α‹± αˆ­α‹•αˆ΅ ከ Short Note α‰ αŒ£αˆ α‹«αŒ αˆ¨ α‰αˆα α‹¨αˆ†αŠ‘ αˆƒαˆ³α‰¦α‰½ α‰₯ቻ α‹¨α‰°αŠ«α‰°α‰±α‰ α‰΅ "πŸ—Key Points" α‹¨α‰°α‰£αˆˆ αŠ–α‰΅

πŸ”Έ ከαŠ₯α‹«αŠ•α‹³αŠ•α‹± ርαŠ₯ሡ α‰ αŠ‹αˆ‹ αŠ¨α‰°αˆˆα‹«α‹© α‹©αŠ•α‰¨αˆ­αˆ²α‰² α‹¨α‰°α‹αŒ£α‰± αˆα‰°αŠ“α‹Žα‰½ ከነ መልሡ αŠ₯αŠ“ በቂ αˆ›α‰₯ራαˆͺያቸው ከ Module α‰ αˆ›αŒ£α‰€αˆ΅

πŸ”Έ αŠ₯αŠ•α‹²αˆαˆ αˆˆαˆα‰°αŠ“ α‹αŒαŒ…α‰΅ αŒ α‰ƒαˆš α‹¨αˆ†αŠ‘ Practice Questions

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πŸ“±α‹¨ Logic Study Book αŠ α•αˆαŠ¬αˆ½αŠ“α‰½αŠ• αŒ‹ αˆˆαˆ˜αŒα‹›α‰΅ αŠ₯αŠα‹šαŠ• α“αˆ΅α‰Άα‰½ α‹­αˆ˜αˆαŠ¨α‰±

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❀1πŸ‘1
memory and forgetting question:

1. What is memory?
a) A passive storage unit
b) A process of encoding, storage, and retrieval of information
c) A temporary sensory experience

2. Which term describes the initial process of registering information into memory?
a) Forgetting
b) Encoding
c) Retrieval

3. What is short-term memory also known as?
a) Working memory
b) Long-term memory
c) Sensory memory

4. Which type of memory has a limited capacity and duration?
a) Short-term memory
b) Long-term memory
c) Sensory memory

5. What is the process of keeping information in memory over time?
a) Retrieval
b) Encoding
c) Storage

6. What is proactive interference in memory?
a) New information interferes with old information
b) Previously learned information interferes with new information
c) Memories fade away naturally

7. Which type of memory involves conscious recollection of past events and experiences?
a) Implicit memory
b) Procedural memory
c) Explicit memory

8. Retrograde amnesia is characterized by the inability to:
a) Remember events that occurred after amnesia
b) Remember events that occurred before amnesia
c) Remember recent events

9. What is the term for the inability to form new memories?
a) Anterograde amnesia
b) Retrograde amnesia
c) Retroactive interference

10. Decay theory suggests that forgetting occurs due to:
a) New memories interfering with old ones
b) The fading of memory traces over time
c) Inaccurate encoding of memories

11. What is a mnemonic device?
a) A medication for memory enhancement
b) A memory aid or trick to help recall information
c) A disorder affecting memory retention

12. Which of the following is not a stage of memory?
a) Forgetting
b) Encoding
c) Retrieval

13. What is the term for the phenomenon where new memories disrupt the recall of old memories?
a) Proactive interference
b) Retrograde amnesia
c) Retroactive interference

14. What is implicit memory?
a) Memory with conscious recollection
b) Memory for facts and knowledge
c) Memory without conscious awareness

15. The hippocampus is associated with which type of memory?
a) Working memory
b) Long-term memory
c) Short-term memory

16. Which type of memory involves skills and procedures?
a) Semantic memory
b) Procedural memory
c) Episodic memory

17. How does retrieval cues affect memory recall?
a) Enhances memory recall by providing clues
b) Suppresses memory recall by introducing distractions
c) Doesn't affect memory recall

18. What is context-dependent memory?
a) Recalling information in different environmental contexts
b) Memory retrieval being improved by returning to the context where the memory was formed
c) Forgetting information due to lack of environmental cues

19. What is state-dependent memory?
a) Memory retrieval influenced by an individual's current emotional state
b) Retrieval of memories independently of one's emotional state
c) Memory improvement through emotional states

20. What is the term for the action of revising information repeatedly to aid memory retention?
a) Elaborative rehearsal
b) Maintenance rehearsal
c) Chunking
πŸ‘7❀1
topic of motivation and emotion:

1. What is motivation?
a) A state of being content and satisfied
b) The internal process that activates, guides, and maintains behavior
c) A response to external rewards only

2. Which theory of motivation suggests that behavior is driven by the desire to satisfy biological needs?
a) Drive reduction theory
b) Humanistic theory
c) Incentive theory

3. What is intrinsic motivation?
a) Motivation that comes from external rewards
b) Motivation that comes from within oneself
c) Motivation solely based on performance outcomes

4. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which need must be fulfilled first?
a) Esteem needs
b) Self-actualization needs
c) Physiological needs

5. Which theory of emotion suggests that physiological arousal precedes the experience of emotion?
a) Cannon-Bard theory
b) James-Lange theory
c) Schachter-Singer theory

6. What is the fight-or-flight response in relation to emotion?
a) A response to stress involving rapid heartbeat and breathing
b) A state of calmness and relaxation
c) A cognitive appraisal of a situation

7. How does the Yerkes-Dodson law relate arousal and performance?
a) Higher arousal always leads to better performance
b) Moderate arousal leads to optimal performance
c) Low arousal enhances performance the most

8. What is the role of the amygdala in emotion?
a) It controls voluntary movements related to emotional responses
b) It processes and regulates emotions, particularly fear
c) It is responsible for higher-order cognitive functions

9. What is the purpose of the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions?
a) To narrow cognitive focus for efficient decision-making
b) To enhance cognitive flexibility and build long-term resources
c) To suppress emotional responses in stressful situations

10. Which theory suggests that emotions are the result of cognitive appraisals of situations?
a) James-Lange theory
b) Schachter-Singer theory
c) Lazarus theory

11. What is the role of dopamine in motivation?
a) It regulates stress responses in the brain
b) It is involved in the brain's reward system
c) It controls heart rate and breathing

12. What is the difference between extrinsic and intrinsic motivation?
a) Extrinsic is from external rewards, intrinsic is from internal desires
b) Extrinsic is long-lasting, intrinsic is short-lived
c) Extrinsic is based on survival instincts, intrinsic is based on social needs

13. What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in motivation?
a) It oversees complex cognitive processes related to motivation
b) It regulates basic needs such as hunger and thirst
c) It processes memories associated with motivation

14. How is self-determination theory related to motivation?
a) It focuses on the motivation to fulfill one's potential and self-actualization
b) It emphasizes social factors influencing motivation
c) It explains how individuals seek to minimize harm and maximize benefits in motivation

15. What is the role of goal-setting in motivation theory?
a) Setting clear goals reduces motivation
b) Having clear goals increases motivation and performance
c) Goals have no influence on motivation

16. Which brain structure is responsible for the regulation of emotions such as fear and aggression?
a) Prefrontal cortex
b) Hippocampus
c) Amygdala

17. According to the Two-Factor Theory of emotion, what are the two factors involved in the experience of emotion?
a) Physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation
b) External rewards and internal motivations
c) Innate responses and learned behaviors

18. What role does the prefrontal cortex play in motivation?
a) It regulates basic physiological needs
b) It is involved in decision-making and goal-setting
c) It controls emotional responses in the brain
πŸ‘7
19. How does the self-efficacy theory relate to motivation?
a) It focuses on the influence of others on motivation
b) It emphasizes an individual's belief in their ability to succeed
c) It explains how physiological needs drive motivation

20. What is emotional intelligence?
a) The ability to understand and manage one's emotions and those of others
b) The capacity to suppress emotional responses
c) The ability to isolate emotions from decision-making processes