unit 5

---

### 1. What primarily controls the climate of Ethiopia?
A. Proximity to the Indian Ocean
B. Seasonal migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)
C. High levels of atmospheric pollution
D. Ocean currents

Answer: B. Seasonal migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)

---

### 2. What is the difference between weather and climate?
A. Weather refers to long-term atmospheric conditions, while climate refers to short-term conditions.
B. Weather is the instantaneous state of the atmosphere, while climate is the long-term average of weather conditions.
C. Weather is measured in decades, while climate is measured in days.
D. Weather is influenced by latitude, while climate is influenced by altitude.

Answer: B. Weather is the instantaneous state of the atmosphere, while climate is the long-term average of weather conditions.

---

### 3. Which of the following is NOT a control of weather and climate?
A. Latitude
B. Ocean currents
C. Vegetation
D. Soil type

Answer: D. Soil type

---

### 4. What is the primary reason for Ethiopia's high average temperatures?
A. Its proximity to the equator
B. Its high altitude
C. Its distance from the Indian Ocean
D. Its low rainfall

Answer: A. Its proximity to the equator

---

### 5. What is the normal lapse rate of temperature with increasing altitude?
A. 10°C per kilometer
B. 6.5°C per kilometer
C. 5°C per kilometer
D. 3°C per kilometer

Answer: B. 6.5°C per kilometer

---

### 6. Which of the following is true about the dry adiabatic lapse rate?
A. It applies to saturated air.
B. It is approximately 10°C per 1000 meters.
C. It is slower than the wet adiabatic lapse rate.
D. It is influenced by latent heat release.

Answer: B. It is approximately 10°C per 1000 meters.

---

### 7. What is the primary cause of summer rainfall in Ethiopia?
A. Northeast Trade Winds
B. Equatorial Westerlies
C. Polar Easterlies
D. Monsoon winds from the Atlantic Ocean

Answer: B. Equatorial Westerlies

---

### 8. Which region in Ethiopia receives rainfall during the winter season?
A. Southeastern lowlands
B. Afar lowlands
C. Western highlands
D. Rift Valley

Answer: B. Afar lowlands

---

### 9. What is the main characteristic of the Wurch agro-ecological zone?
A. High temperatures and low rainfall
B. Altitude above 3,200 meters and mean annual temperature below 10°C
C. Altitude below 500 meters and mean annual temperature above 27.5°C
D. Moderate rainfall and temperatures between 15°C and 20°C

Answer: B. Altitude above 3,200 meters and mean annual temperature below 10°C

---

### 10. Which of the following is a natural cause of climate change?
A. Industrial activities
B. Volcanic eruptions
C. Deforestation
D. Urbanization

Answer: B. Volcanic eruptions

---

### 11. What is the primary anthropogenic cause of climate change?
A. Earth's orbital changes
B. Increased greenhouse gas emissions
C. Volcanic activity
D. Solar radiation variability

Answer: B. Increased greenhouse gas emissions

---

### 12. Which of the following is a consequence of climate change on agriculture?
A. Increased crop yields in all regions
B. Reduced physiological stress on plants
C. Changes in temperature and rainfall patterns
D. Decreased frequency of droughts

Answer: C. Changes in temperature and rainfall patterns

---

### 13. What is the goal of climate change mitigation?
A. To adapt to life in a changing climate
B. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions
C. To increase the frequency of extreme weather events
D. To enhance the effects of climate change

Answer: B. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions

---

### 14. Which of the following is an adaptation strategy to climate change?
A. Increasing fossil fuel consumption
B. Building flood defenses
C. Ignoring temperature changes
D. Reducing renewable energy use

Answer: B. Building flood defenses

---

### 15. What is the primary reason for the increase in "hot days" and "hot nights" in Ethiopia?
A. Decreased solar radiation
B. Rising average temperatures
C. Increased rainfall
D. Reduced greenhouse gas emissions

Answer: B. Rising average temperatures

---

unit 6
---

### 1. What are the primary factors influencing soil formation in Ethiopia?
A. Climate, topography, and parent material
B. Human activities and deforestation
C. Ocean currents and latitude
D. Soil erosion and chemical weathering

---

### 2. Which of the following is NOT a type of weathering involved in soil formation?
A. Mechanical weathering
B. Biological weathering
C. Chemical weathering
D. Atmospheric weathering

---

### 3. What is the primary characteristic of Vertisols in Ethiopia?
A. High organic content and low fertility
B. Heavy clay soils that crack when dry
C. Sandy texture and high water retention
D. Found only in desert regions

---

### 4. Which soil type in Ethiopia is associated with high rainfall and leaching of soluble minerals?
A. Vertisols
B. Nitosols
C. Fluvisols
D. Xerosols

---

### 5. What is the main cause of soil degradation in Ethiopia?
A. Overuse of renewable energy
B. Deforestation and overgrazing
C. Excessive rainfall and flooding
D. Lack of volcanic activity

---

### 6. Which of the following is a biological control measure for soil erosion?
A. Terracing
B. Reforestation
C. Check dams
D. Contour ploughing

---

### 7. What is the primary factor controlling the distribution of natural vegetation in Ethiopia?
A. Ocean currents
B. Altitude and rainfall
C. Soil pH
D. Human settlement patterns

---

### 8. Which vegetation type in Ethiopia is characterized by tussock grasslands and mosses?
A. Forest Region
B. Afro-alpine Region
C. Woodland Savannah Region
D. Steppe Region

---

### 9. What is the main reason for the degradation of natural vegetation in Ethiopia?
A. Excessive rainfall
B. Overgrazing and deforestation
C. Lack of sunlight
D. Volcanic activity

---

### 10. Which of the following is a rare animal found in the Semien Mountains National Park?
A. Gelada Baboon
B. African Elephant
C. Flamingo
D. Zebra

---

### 11. What is the primary purpose of establishing national parks in Ethiopia?
A. Urban development
B. Wildlife conservation and tourism
C. Agricultural expansion
D. Mining activities

---

### 12. Which of the following is a challenge to wildlife conservation in Ethiopia?
A. Excessive rainfall
B. Illegal wildlife trade
C. Lack of volcanic activity
D. Low population growth

---

### 13. What is the dominant species in the Juniper Woodland Savannah Region?
A. Acacia etbaica
B. Juniperus procera
C. Ficus sur
D. Erica arborea

---

### 14. Which soil type in Ethiopia is formed from recent alluvial deposits?
A. Nitosols
B. Fluvisols
C. Vertisols
D. Lithosols

---

### 15. What is the primary cause of chemical degradation in soils?
A. Excessive rainfall
B. Nutrient depletion and toxic chemical buildup
C. Overgrazing
D. Mechanical weathering

---

### Answers:
1. A
2. D
3. B
4. B
5. B
6. B
7. B
8. B
9. B
10. A
11. B
12. B
13. B
14. B
15. B

7. What is the primary use of the Awash River in Ethiopia?
A. Irrigation 
B. Hydroelectric power generation 
C. Transportation 
D. Fishing


B. Hydroelectric power generation

The primary use of the Awash River in Ethiopia is for hydroelectric power generation. The river is dammed at several points along its course to create reservoirs that are used to generate electricity through hydroelectric power plants. This helps to provide a source of renewable energy for the country

👮‍♀️Happy International Women’s Day👩‍🦰

On behalf of the Dire Dawa University Students Union (DDU) all ddu students we extend our heartfelt appreciation to all the incredible women who continue to inspire, lead, and shape our communities.

Today, we celebrate your strength, resilience, and invaluable contributions to society. May this day serve as a reminder of the progress made and the journey ahead toward true equality and empowerment.

Here’s to the women who break barriers, challenge norms, and uplift others—today and every day!

With best regards,
GOSA KEBEDE
DDU SU PRESIDENT

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