14. Many psychologists believe that children of parents who beat them are likely to beat their own children. One common explanation for this phenomenon is: A. Modeling B. Latent learning C. Insight learning D. Classical conditioning
15. You are reading a really boring assignment for another class. To motivate yourself to keep going, you promise yourself a piece of chocolate for every ten pages you read. You are using a ___ reinforcement schedule. A. Fixed-interval B. Fixed-ratio C. Variable-ratio D. Variable-interval
16. Escape conditioning is a form of ___ in which the subject learns to perform a response to remove an aversive stimulus. A. Negative reinforcement B. Positive reinforcement C. Positive punishment D. Negative punishment
17. Reinforcement can be distinguished from punishment in that reinforcement _ a target behavior, whereas punishment _ a target behavior. A. Removes; establishes B. Increases; decreases C. Discourages; encourages D. Inhibits; enhances
18. Operant conditioning differs from classical conditioning because in operant conditioning A. An organism’s behavior produces outcomes, but in classical conditioning events signal outcomes. B. An organism is learning something, but in classical conditioning no learning occurs C. The principles apply only to animals, but in classical conditioning the principles apply to humans. D. Discrimination and generalization do not occur but in classical conditioning they do.
19. When asked how they taught their children to be so polite, Sam and Dee replied, “We make sure we are polite to everyone when children are around. Dee and Sam are using A. Positive reinforcement B. Classical conditioning C. Second order conditioning D. Observational learning
20. June is teaching her dog to roll over. At first she gives him a dog a treat any time he makes a slight rolling movement, then only for larger rolling movements, and finally, only if he rolls over. She is using: A. Secondary reinforcement B. Partial reinforcement C. Extinction D. Shaping

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