Psychology Mid Exam
Read the following statements Carefully and Write True or False.
1. Sensory Adaptation lets you detect potentially important change in your environment while ignoring unchanging aspects of it.
2. A reinforcement is a stimulus that weakens the response or makes it less likely to occur.
3. The decay Theory holds that the Trace simply fades away with nothing left behid, due to passage of time.
4. Over learn is one of the ways to improve memory.
5. Retrieval occurs when information is brought to mind from storage.
Choose the best Answer
6. Which of the following is not organizing principle of Perception?
A. Proximity
B. Continuation
C. Law of Closure
D. Convergence
7. Which of the following is correct about Retinal disparity?
A. It is the degree of difference between the image of an object that are focused on thee single retina.
B. It's one of the monocular cues
C. The Closer the Object, the greater is the retinal disparity
D. It is two dimensional perception
8. From the following, One is Not Correct About Learning?
A. Learning is responsive to incentives
B. Learning is Pervasive
C. Learning is Multifaceted
D. Learning is a Passive Process
9. A Stimulus that naturally brings about a particular response without having been learned is called:
A. Conditioned Stimulus
B. Unconditioned Stimulus
C. Neutral Stimulus
D. Unconditioned Response
10._is the reemergence of an extinguished conditioned response after a period of rest and with no further conditioning.
A. Stimulus generalization
B. Extinction
C. Spontaneous recovery
D. Stimulus Discrimination
11. If someone nags you all the time to stud, but stops nagging when you comply, your studying is likely to increase-because you will then avoid nagging. This implies
A. Negative punishment
B. Negative reinforcement
C. Positive punishment
D. Postive reinforcement
12. Which schedule of reinforcement is often used by Employers to increase productivity?
A. Variable ratio schedule
B. Fixed interval schedule
C. Fixed ratio schedule
D. Variable interval schedule
13. Short term memory is
A. Active
B. Rapid accessibility
C. Limited capacity
D. All Except B
14. Which of the following responses is not learned through operant conditioning?
A. Shelly gets $50 after getting a 90 percent in her math class.
B. A pigeon learns to peck a disc to get food pellets.
C. A dog learns to turn in circles for a reward.
D. A baby takes his fi rst steps.
E. A horse jumps over a fence to avoid an electric shock
15. Which of the following statements best explains one major difference between short-term memory and long-term memory?
A. Long-term memory is unlimited in capacity while short-term memory is not.
B. Long-term memory holds only episodic memories while short-term memory does not.
C. Long-term memory varies a great deal from one person to another, while short-term memory does not.
D. In terms of processing, long-term memory comes directly after sensory memory while short-term memory does not.
E. Long-term memory depends on neural connections in the limbic system while short-term memory does not.
Give the Correct Answer for the following
16. Write the factors that are important that are important for the effectiveness of Punishment
17. What are four conditions that are necessary before an individual can successfully model the behavior of someone else according to Bandura
18. What is a Serial Position effect
19. According to George Miller the stimated capacity of Short Term Memory is to be the magic number____
20. Suppose a oneyear old child is playing with a toy near an electrical outlet. He sticks part of the toy into the outlet. He gets shocked, becomes frightened, and begins to cry. For several days after that experience, he shows fear when his mother gives him the toy and he refuses to play with it. What is
a) UCS(Unconditioned stimulus)_
b) UCR(Unconditioned
Response) _
c) CS(Conditioned Stimulus)___
d) CR(Conditioned Response)__
Read the following statements Carefully and Write True or False.
1. Sensory Adaptation lets you detect potentially important change in your environment while ignoring unchanging aspects of it.
2. A reinforcement is a stimulus that weakens the response or makes it less likely to occur.
3. The decay Theory holds that the Trace simply fades away with nothing left behid, due to passage of time.
4. Over learn is one of the ways to improve memory.
5. Retrieval occurs when information is brought to mind from storage.
Choose the best Answer
6. Which of the following is not organizing principle of Perception?
A. Proximity
B. Continuation
C. Law of Closure
D. Convergence
7. Which of the following is correct about Retinal disparity?
A. It is the degree of difference between the image of an object that are focused on thee single retina.
B. It's one of the monocular cues
C. The Closer the Object, the greater is the retinal disparity
D. It is two dimensional perception
8. From the following, One is Not Correct About Learning?
A. Learning is responsive to incentives
B. Learning is Pervasive
C. Learning is Multifaceted
D. Learning is a Passive Process
9. A Stimulus that naturally brings about a particular response without having been learned is called:
A. Conditioned Stimulus
B. Unconditioned Stimulus
C. Neutral Stimulus
D. Unconditioned Response
10._is the reemergence of an extinguished conditioned response after a period of rest and with no further conditioning.
A. Stimulus generalization
B. Extinction
C. Spontaneous recovery
D. Stimulus Discrimination
11. If someone nags you all the time to stud, but stops nagging when you comply, your studying is likely to increase-because you will then avoid nagging. This implies
A. Negative punishment
B. Negative reinforcement
C. Positive punishment
D. Postive reinforcement
12. Which schedule of reinforcement is often used by Employers to increase productivity?
A. Variable ratio schedule
B. Fixed interval schedule
C. Fixed ratio schedule
D. Variable interval schedule
13. Short term memory is
A. Active
B. Rapid accessibility
C. Limited capacity
D. All Except B
14. Which of the following responses is not learned through operant conditioning?
A. Shelly gets $50 after getting a 90 percent in her math class.
B. A pigeon learns to peck a disc to get food pellets.
C. A dog learns to turn in circles for a reward.
D. A baby takes his fi rst steps.
E. A horse jumps over a fence to avoid an electric shock
15. Which of the following statements best explains one major difference between short-term memory and long-term memory?
A. Long-term memory is unlimited in capacity while short-term memory is not.
B. Long-term memory holds only episodic memories while short-term memory does not.
C. Long-term memory varies a great deal from one person to another, while short-term memory does not.
D. In terms of processing, long-term memory comes directly after sensory memory while short-term memory does not.
E. Long-term memory depends on neural connections in the limbic system while short-term memory does not.
Give the Correct Answer for the following
16. Write the factors that are important that are important for the effectiveness of Punishment
17. What are four conditions that are necessary before an individual can successfully model the behavior of someone else according to Bandura
18. What is a Serial Position effect
19. According to George Miller the stimated capacity of Short Term Memory is to be the magic number____
20. Suppose a oneyear old child is playing with a toy near an electrical outlet. He sticks part of the toy into the outlet. He gets shocked, becomes frightened, and begins to cry. For several days after that experience, he shows fear when his mother gives him the toy and he refuses to play with it. What is
a) UCS(Unconditioned stimulus)_
b) UCR(Unconditioned
Response) _
c) CS(Conditioned Stimulus)___
d) CR(Conditioned Response)__
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Answer
True or False:
1. True
2. False (A reinforcement *strengthens* a response.)
3. True
4. True
5. True
Multiple Choice:
6. D. Convergence (Convergence is a binocular cue, not an organizing principle of perception.)
7. C. The Closer the Object, the greater is the retinal disparity
8. D. Learning is a Passive Process (Learning is an active process.)
9. B. Unconditioned Stimulus
10. C. Spontaneous recovery
11. B. Negative reinforcement (Nagging is the aversive stimulus being removed.)
12. A. Variable ratio schedule (This schedule is unpredictable, leading to high response rates.)
13. D. All Except B (Short-term memory is not known for its rapid accessibility; retrieval can take time.)
14. D. A baby takes his first steps. (This is a developmental milestone, not learned through operant conditioning.)
15. A. Long-term memory is unlimited in capacity while short-term memory is not.
Short Answer:
16. Factors important for the effectiveness of punishment include:
* Consistency: Punishment must be applied consistently every time the undesired behavior occurs.
* Severity: The punishment must be severe enough to be effective but not overly harsh or abusive.
* Immediacy: Punishment should be delivered immediately after the undesired behavior.
* Explanation: The reason for the punishment should be clearly explained.
* Alternatives: Positive reinforcement of desired behaviors should accompany punishment.
17. Four conditions necessary for successful modeling (Bandura's Social Learning Theory):
* Attention: The observer must pay attention to the model's behavior.
* Retention: The observer must remember the model's behavior.
* Reproduction: The observer must be physically capable of reproducing the behavior.
* Motivation: The observer must be motivated to reproduce the behavior (e.g., through reinforcement).
18. The serial position effect is the tendency to remember the first and last items in a list better than the items in the middle.
19. According to George Miller, the estimated capacity of short-term memory is the magic number 7 ± 2.
20. Based on the scenario:
a) UCS (Unconditioned stimulus): Electric shock
b) UCR (Unconditioned response): Fear, crying
c) CS (Conditioned stimulus): The toy
d) CR (Conditioned response): Fear, refusal to play with the toy
True or False:
1. True
2. False (A reinforcement *strengthens* a response.)
3. True
4. True
5. True
Multiple Choice:
6. D. Convergence (Convergence is a binocular cue, not an organizing principle of perception.)
7. C. The Closer the Object, the greater is the retinal disparity
8. D. Learning is a Passive Process (Learning is an active process.)
9. B. Unconditioned Stimulus
10. C. Spontaneous recovery
11. B. Negative reinforcement (Nagging is the aversive stimulus being removed.)
12. A. Variable ratio schedule (This schedule is unpredictable, leading to high response rates.)
13. D. All Except B (Short-term memory is not known for its rapid accessibility; retrieval can take time.)
14. D. A baby takes his first steps. (This is a developmental milestone, not learned through operant conditioning.)
15. A. Long-term memory is unlimited in capacity while short-term memory is not.
Short Answer:
16. Factors important for the effectiveness of punishment include:
* Consistency: Punishment must be applied consistently every time the undesired behavior occurs.
* Severity: The punishment must be severe enough to be effective but not overly harsh or abusive.
* Immediacy: Punishment should be delivered immediately after the undesired behavior.
* Explanation: The reason for the punishment should be clearly explained.
* Alternatives: Positive reinforcement of desired behaviors should accompany punishment.
17. Four conditions necessary for successful modeling (Bandura's Social Learning Theory):
* Attention: The observer must pay attention to the model's behavior.
* Retention: The observer must remember the model's behavior.
* Reproduction: The observer must be physically capable of reproducing the behavior.
* Motivation: The observer must be motivated to reproduce the behavior (e.g., through reinforcement).
18. The serial position effect is the tendency to remember the first and last items in a list better than the items in the middle.
19. According to George Miller, the estimated capacity of short-term memory is the magic number 7 ± 2.
20. Based on the scenario:
a) UCS (Unconditioned stimulus): Electric shock
b) UCR (Unconditioned response): Fear, crying
c) CS (Conditioned stimulus): The toy
d) CR (Conditioned response): Fear, refusal to play with the toy
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