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❤️❤️💙Thoracic cage💙❤️❤️

contain three part

💙Vertebral column
💙Ribs
💙Sternum

❄️The functions of Thoracic cage
💙Support and protect the visceral organ
💙Respiration

❄️ Thoracic aperture are

💙Thoracic inlet
🩸Narrow in diameter
🩸Upper opening

💙Thoracic outlet
🩸Lower opening
🩸Wide in diameter


❄️Sternum : -
Three part

💙Manubrium
💙Body
💙Xiphoid

1) Manubrium sterni :-
💙Contain jugular notch in upper border
💙Contain clavicular notch in superiolateral part
💙Contain notch for 1ST rib in lateral border

2) Body of Sternum :-

💙Longest part
💙Lies between T5 T9
💙Articulate with Manubrium by sternal angle

3) Xiphoid process
Smallest part
Cartilage in origin

❄️ Thoracic vertebrae :-
💙They are 12 in number
💙Each vertebrae consist of
🩸Body. 🩸Arch
🩸Lamina 🩸spinous process
🩸Transverse process
🩸Articular facets

🧨 Lamina are connected together by legamenta flava

🧨Transverse process are connected together by
Intertransverse
ligament

🧨Spinous process are connected together by
Interspinous ligament
Supraspinous ligament


Body of the vertebrae by intervertebral disk

❄️Classification of the Thoracic vertebrea :-
💙Typical vertebrae ( 2nd__
8th )
💙Atypical vertebrae( 1st & 9th& 10th & 11th & 12th )

❄️The characteristic of typical vertebrae :-
💙Heart shaped body
💙Narrow Vertebral foramen
💙Transverse process directed posteriolaterly
💙Has an articular facet vertical
💙Long spinous process and directed downward & backward

Characteristic of Atypical vertebrae
❤️T1❤️

💙Small body kidney shape
💙One superior complete facet
💙Small Inferior semifacet
💙Long spine horizontal
💙Transverse process has costal facet



❤️T9❤️
💙 Larg body
💙 Larg superior semi facet
💙 Small Inferior semifacet

❤️T10❤️
💙 Large body
💙 One large superior semicircular facet
💙 Small costal facet

❤️T11❤️
💙Larg body
💙One complete circular facet
💙No costal facet

❤️ T 12 ❤️
💙 Complete circular facet on bodty
💙 Inferior articular facet is directed laterally


❄️ Ribs :-

🩸12 pairs
🩸All are articulate posteriorly with Thoracic vertebrae

❄️Classification of rib according to their relation to Vertebral column

🩸Typical Rib( 3 ___ 9 )
💙The head of each of them Articulate with 2 thorax vertebrae

🩸Non typical Rib ( 1-2- 3 - 10 - 11- 12 )
💙Head of each articulate with vertebrae of the same number except rib 2

❄️General features of the typical rib :-

1) The antrior end
💙Articulate with costal cartilage.

2) The shaft
💙Has a costal groove which contain three structure
Vein
Artery
Nerve

3) The posterior end
💙Head
Has two articular facet articulate with two demifacet of vertebrae above and vertebrae below

💙Neck
Flattened part
Connected to the transverse process

💙Tubercle
Connected to transverse process of vertebrae of same number


❤️❤️💙Atypical Rib💙❤️❤️

❄️ First rib :-

🩸Head
Has one facet
🩸Shaft
Groove for subclavian v
Groove for subclavian A
No costal groove

❄️ 2nd rib :-
Broad Tubercle
Poorly developed costal groove

❄️ The 10th rib :-
Small Tubercle


❄️ The 11th 12th rib :-

💙Each of them has :-
🩸Large head
🩸one articular facet
🩸No neck
🩸No tubercle
🩸No angle

🧨Rib 12 is shorter than 11 and has no Costal groove



❤️❤️💙💙Intercostal muscle💙❤️❤️

They are Three in each space

1) External intercostal muscle
🩸Origin
Lower border of rib above
🩸Insertion
Upper border of rib below
🩸Direction of fiber
Downward and forward
🩸Function
Inspiration



2) Internal intercostal muscles
🩸Origin
Floor of costal groove rib above
🩸Insertion
Upper border of below
🩸Direction of fiber
Downward backward


3) Transverse thoracic muscle
🏴‍☠Three separate part

A) Innermost intercostal
Origin
upper border of costal groove
Insertion
Upper border of rib below

2) Supcostalis
🩸Origin
inner surface of rib above
🩸Insertion
Inserted into upper border of
the second or the third rib below

3) Sternocostalis muscle
🩸Origin
Lower 1/2 of the sternum
🩸Insertion
Inserted into the inner surface of costal cartilage from( 2nd... 6th)

❄️ All intercostal muscle prevent the inward suction of intercostal space during inspiration
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