Phase conductor: line conductor which is used in an AC electric circuit (source: IEC 60445:2021 [1]). In other words, it is a conductor that is energized under normal conditions and is used to transmit electrical energy. In the United States and some other countries, the term “line conductor in AC system” is often used instead of the more correct term “phase conductor”.

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Subject: Line Conductor (L): What it is, Purpose, Features, Requirements

Definition of the term.

Line conductor (identification: L): conductor which is energized under normal conditions and used for the transmission of electric energy but which is not a neutral conductor or mid conductor (source: IEC 60445:2021 [5]). The line conductor in AC electrical circuits is the phase conductor, and in DC electrical circuits is the pole conductor.

Separately distinguished is the earthed line conductor (LE), which is a line conductor that has an electrical connection to the local earth.

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Subject: What is a Neutral Conductor (N), its Designation, Purpose, Requirements?

Neutral conductor (identification: N): conductor electrically connected to the neutral or the mid-point of the AC electrical system and used for the transmission of electric energy (source IEC 60445:2021 [6]).

NOTE. Neutral: common live part of a star-connected polyphase AC system or mid live part of a single-phase AC system.

In the United States, while the term “neutral conductor” is used, this conductor is often also or alternatively identified as “grounded conductor”.

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Topic: What Is Earthed Line Conductor (LE)? Definition, Examples, Requirements

Earthed line conductor (identification: LE): line conductor which has an electrical connection with a local earth (as defined in IEC 60364-1 [1]).

The earthed line conductors are used in single-phase 2-wire AC electrical systems, in three-phase 3-wire AC electrical systems without the neutral and in 2-wire DC electrical systems.

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Topic: Protective Conductor (PE): What Is it? (Designation, Cross-section, Requirements)

Protective conductor (identification: PE): conductor provided for purposes of electrical safety (source IEC 60050-195:2021 [1]). In the United States of America, instead of the more correct term “protective conductor” they mostly use the terms “equipment grounding conductor” and “grounding electrode conductor”. It is not a current-carrying conductor and should never be energized under normal conditions.

More about it: https://www.asutpp.com/protective-conductor-pe.html

Topic: What Is a Protective Earthing Conductor?

Protective earthing conductor (identification: PE) or (protective grounding conductor, US): protective conductor provided for protective earthing [defined in the IEC 60050-195-2021]. In other words, it is a protective conductor designed to implement the earthing performed for the purpose of electrical safety.

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Topic: What Is a PEN Conductor?

PEN conductor: conductor combining the functions of both a protective earthing conductor and a neutral conductor (defined in the IEC 60050-195).

A PEN conductor, like other protective conductors, is not classified as a live part. However, a PEN conductor is a current-carrying conductor that is included in the total number of conductors used in an electrical circuit, network or system.

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Topic: Pole Conductor (L): What It Is, Definition, Cross-sectional Requirements

Pole Conductor (L): line conductor which is used in an DC electrical circuit [defined in the IEC 60445-2021].

The term “pole conductor” is not recommended by the IEC (IEC 60050-195 and IEC 60050-826). Instead, the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) however, the term “pole conductor” is used in the requirements and recommendations of IEC standards and other documents. Moreover, the IEV has defined the terms “mid-point conductor” and PEM conductor, which describe conductors used in DC circuits, electrical installations and systems. Therefore, along with the general term “line conductor”, the IEV should define the particular term “pole conductor”, which characterizes a line conductor to be used exclusively in DC circuits.

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Functional Earthing Conductor (FE): Definition, Example, Color and Alphanumeric Identification

Functional earthing conductor (UK, IEC) or functional grounding conductor (US): conductor provided for functional earthing [defined in the IEC 60050-195-2021].

Some electronic equipment requires a reference voltage at about earth potential in order to function correctly; this reference voltage is provided by the functional earthing conductor.

Conductors for functional earthing may be metallic strips, flat braids and cables with circular cross section.

More: https://www.asutpp.com/functional-earthing-conductor-fe.html