๐—”๐—ฅ๐—ข๐—ก ๐—ฆ๐—ง๐—จ๐——๐—ฌ
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ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู…

ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ูˆุขู„ ู…ุญู…ุฏ

ู…ุญุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ:
ุดุฑูˆุญุงุช ุตูŠุฏู„ุฉ
ุนุถูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ูƒูˆุฑุณ ุซุงู†ูŠ
ูุงุฑู…ุง ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ูƒูˆุฑุณ ุซุงู†ูŠ
ูุงุฑู…ุง ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ูƒูˆุฑุณ ุงูˆู„
ูุงุฑู…ุง ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ูƒูˆุฑุณ ุซุงู†ูŠ
ุนู„ุงุฌูŠุงุช ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ

ู„ู„ุชูˆุงุตู„:

@AronX2bot
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Forwarded from ๐—”๐—ฅ๐—ข๐—ก ๐—ฆ๐—ง๐—จ๐——๐—ฌ (๐—ต๐˜‚๐˜€๐˜€๐—ถ๐—ฎ๐—ป ๐—ฎ๐—น๐—ถ)
Treatment of AML

1. Induction
combination of cytarabine and daunorubicin

ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุถูŠู ุงู„ู€ gemtuzumab ozogamicin ู„ู„ู€ induction therapy ู„ู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ูƒุจุงุฑ ุงู„ุณู†

2. Consolidation
use of 2-4 cycles of high-dose cytarabine


๐Ÿซ† Most effective treatment for AML is Allo HSCT


ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ CNS Therapy ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…:
โ— Intrathecal Cytarabine with or without MTX
โ— Systemic High dose Cytarabine



๐Ÿซ†Relapse AML

๐Ÿ”ธHigh dose of Cytarabine
May be combined with: MECCF
Mitoxantrone, Etoposide 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine, Clofarabine, Fludarabine
๏ปฟ

๐Ÿ”นPatients unable to tolerate intensive chemotherapy ๐Ÿ‘†, use low dose of Cytarabine and Azacitidine



๐Ÿ”ธAlternative therapy:
Ventoclax combined with Decitabine or Azacitidine



#Leukemia

๐—”๐—ฅ๐—ข๐—ก ๐—ฆ๐—ง๐—จ๐——๐—ฌ
โค8
Forwarded from ๐—”๐—ฅ๐—ข๐—ก ๐—ฆ๐—ง๐—จ๐——๐—ฌ (๐—ต๐˜‚๐˜€๐˜€๐—ถ๐—ฎ๐—ป ๐—ฎ๐—น๐—ถ)
Treatment of CML

๐Ÿ”นfirst- line therapy for newly
diagnosed CP-CML is Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors TKI

1st G: imatinib

2nd G: dasatinib, nilotinib, and bosutinib

3rd G: Ponatinib

ุงู„ุงุฎูŠุฑ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ
CML with T315I mutation

ุขุซุงุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจูŠุฉ
Myelosuppression, gastrointestinal disturbances, and myalgias

Pleural effusion โž”
ุฎุตูˆุตุง ุงู„ imatinib ูˆ Dasatinib


๐Ÿ”ธHydroxyurea
ู‡ุฐุง ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ุญุชู‰ ู†ู‚ู„ู„ ุงุนุฏุงุฏ neutrophil ุงูˆ WBC ุญุชู‰ ู†ู…ู†ุน ุญุตูˆู„
Respiratory and neurologic compilations
ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงูŠ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ CML



โญ• Pt suffered from CML, and taken TKI,
ูˆู…ุง ู…ุณุชูุงุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุตุงูŠุฑุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ resistant ู„ู„ TKI

ู ุงู„ Curative therapy ุจู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ูˆ Allo HSCT ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ุงู„ูŠ ูŠุณุจ cure ุจุญุงู„ุฉ CML


๐Ÿ”นOmacetaxine :
indicated for patients in CP- or AP- CML who are resistant or intolerant to two or more TKIs

ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทูุฑุฉ T315I

Ad. Effect: hyperglycemia



#Leukemia

๐—”๐—ฅ๐—ข๐—ก ๐—ฆ๐—ง๐—จ๐——๐—ฌ
โค9
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ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ูˆุฎุงู…ุณุฉ

ู‡ุฌูŠ ุชุทู„ุนูˆู† ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุญุธุงุช ุงู„ูŠ ุจ ุงู„ู€ #
โค6๐Ÿ˜ญ3
โค1
๐—”๐—ฅ๐—ข๐—ก ๐—ฆ๐—ง๐—จ๐——๐—ฌ
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Treatment of CLL

โญ• Ibrutinib (BTK inhibitor) , ventoclax (BCL2 inhibitor) โž” front line treatment of symptomatic CLL

๐Ÿซ† ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุถูŠู
Monoclonal antibody anti CD20
ู„ู„ุฎุท ุงู„ุงูˆู„ูŠ ููŠ ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ู€ CLL

ู‡ุงูŠ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู…

ู†ุฌูŠ ู„ู„ุชูุตูŠู„:


โญ• Cytotoxic Chemotherapy

๐Ÿซ† FCR (fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab)

ู…ูุถู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุงู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ CLL ูˆุนู…ุฑู‡ ุงู‚ู„ ู…ู† 65 ุณู†ุฉ ูˆุนู†ุฏู‡ Igvh mutation



โญ• Monoclonal Antibody

Anti CD20

๐Ÿซ† Rituximab, Obinutuzumab, Ofatumumab

ู…ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ู† ูƒู€ monotherapy, ูˆุงู†ู…ุง ุงู†ุทูŠู‡ู† ุจ combination ู…ุน
Targeted and Chemo therapy

ุจุนุถู‡ุง ู…ุดุชู‚ ู…ู† ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุญูŠูˆุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูุชุณุจุจ ุชูุงุนู„ุงุช ู…ู†ุงุนูŠุฉ ูˆุชุญุณุณูŠุฉ ููŠุญุชุงุฌ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู†ุทูŠ ู‚ุจู„ู‡ุง :
Diphenhydramine and acetaminophen

ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุณูˆู† ุชู†ุดูŠุท ู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ู…ุซู„ุง Hepatitis B
ู ูƒูˆู‚ุงูŠุฉ ู†ู†ุทูŠ
Prophylactic hepatitis B antiviral therapy

ูˆุงุฐุง ุชูุนู„ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ุนู„ุงุฌ ูˆุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ู‡ูˆ entecavir


๏ปฟ
โญ• Targeted therapy

BTK inhibitors:

๐Ÿซ† Ibrutinib โž” first line as monotherapy
ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุณูˆุงุก ุงู„ูŠ ุนุฏู‡ู… ุญุฐู ุจุฌูŠู† P53 ู…ู† ฺฉุฑู…ูˆุณูˆู… 17 ุงูˆ ู„ุง

ุจุณ ู†ู†ุชุจู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุณุจุจ atrial fibrillation

๐Ÿซ† Acalabrutinib โž” 2nd gen. Of BTK inhibitors, more selective than Ibrutinib

ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ูƒ ุฎุท ุนู„ุงุฌูŠ ุงูˆู„ ู„ูˆุญุฏู‡ ุงูˆ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ obinutuzumab

ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ููŠ ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ู€
Relapsed or Refractory CLL
๏ปฟ



Pi3K inhibitors

๐Ÿซ†Idelalisib, duvelisib

ุงู„ู€ idelalisib ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ู„ูˆุญุฏู‡ ุงูˆ ุจ combination ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ rituximab
๏ปฟ



BCL2 inhibitor

๐Ÿซ† Venetoclax โž” may used as first line for pt with CLL

ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ู„ู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ูŠ ุนุฏู‡ู…
Relapsed Or Refractory CLL

ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู†ุทูŠ ูˆูŠุงู‡ Anti CD20

ุขุซุงุฑู‡ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจูŠุฉ :
TLS
Prolonged Neutropenia
ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ู†ู†ุทูŠ ูˆูŠุงู‡ Growth factor support
๏ปฟ


#Leukemia
โค14
๐—”๐—ฅ๐—ข๐—ก ๐—ฆ๐—ง๐—จ๐——๐—ฌ
Lymphomas.pdf
ุจุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ูƒุชุจุช ุนู† ุงู„ุฎุทุง
ูˆุฑุงูˆูŠุชูƒู… ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ ูˆู‚ุชู‡ุง

ุงู„ุฎุทุง ู…ูˆ ู…ู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู†ู‡ุฌ
ูˆู…ู† ู‚ุฑูŠุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู‚ุจู„ ู„ุง ุงุดุฑุญู‡ ุงู†ุชุจู‡ุช ู„ู„ุฎุทุฃ

ู ู†ุจู‡ุชูƒู… ุจุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุงู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง vinicristine ุชุฑู‡

ุงู„ูŠ ุฌุฑุนุชู‡ 1.4 ูŠุตูŠุฑ vincristine

#Lymphoma
โค17๐Ÿ’ฏ2
Prevention of Breast Cancer

In higher risk patients:
Mastectomy, oophorectomy, pharmacological Therapy

Pharmacological Therapy: SERM, AI

โญ• SERM: Tamoxifein, Raloxifene for 5 years



ุงู„ุชุงู…ูˆูƒุณููŠู† ูŠุณุจุจ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุฎุทุฑ ุญุตูˆู„ ุงู„ endometrial cancer

ูˆุงุซู†ูŠู†ู‡ู… ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุณุจุจูˆู† thromboembolic events


โญ• Aromatase inhibitors: Exemestane, Anastrozole



๐Ÿซ† Postmenopausal women with high risk of contralateral primary breast cancer โž” Aromatase inhibitors AI

ุงู„ guidelines ุชูˆุตูŠ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู€ serm+AI ู„ู…ู†ุน ุงู„ breast cancer ููŠ ุงู„ postmenopausal women ุจุณ ู…ู†ูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ sermุŸ
Raloxifene


๐Ÿซ† Premenoposal women with high risk of breast cancer โž” Tamoxifein

#Breast_Cancer
โค15๐Ÿ™2๐Ÿ‘1
Treatment of Breast Cancer stage I-III

Surgery(Mastectomy, BCT)
alone can cure:
Most pt with in situ cancer
70-80% pt with stage ฤฑ
Half of pt (50%) with Stage ฤฑฤฑ


ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… Radiation ู„ู„ู‚ุถุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุจู‚ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุงู†ุณุฑ


Systemic therapy: Chemotherapy, Endocrine therapy, Targeted therapy

or combination of these agents(in higher risk pt and specific prognostic factors)




โญ• Chemotherapy

Goal: cure

๐Ÿซ† Indications:

Adjuvant therapy โž” after surgery


Neoadjuvant therapy โž” before surgery in stage ฤฑฤฑฤฑ (locally advanced BC)

ุญุชู‰ ู†ู‚ู„ู„ ุญุฌู… ุงู„ูˆุฑู… ูˆู†ุณู‡ู„ ุงุฌุฑุงุก ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฑุงุญูŠุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู†ุทูŠ chemotherapy ู„ูˆุญุฏู‡ ุงูˆ ู…ุน
targeted(biologic) therapy, and may be endocrine therapy

Chemotherapy: doxorubicin, epirubicin, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, fluorouracil, carboplatin, paclitaxel and docetaxel

๐Ÿซ† As adjuvant: alone or combination of chemotherapy(more effective)


๐ŸซŸ Anthracycline (doxorubicin or epirubicin) and Taxane (paclitaxel or docetaxel) โž” adjuvant treatment of breast cancer
ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ุงู„ู€
cornerstones of chemotherapy

ู†ู†ุทูŠู‡ุง ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฑุงุญูŠุฉ ู„ู…ุฏุฉ 12 ุงุณุจูˆุน




โญ• Biologic (targeted) Therapy

๐Ÿซ† Trastuzumab โž” mAB against HER2 receptor

ุงู†ุทูŠ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ breast cancer ุงู„ูŠ ุนุฏู‡ู… over expression HER2

ุจ combination ู…ุน Adjuvant Chemotherapy ุงูˆ ู…ุง ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ adjuvant chemotherapy

ุจุณ ู†ู†ุชุจู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุฎุทุฑ ุงู„ cardiac toxicity ุงุฐุง ุงู†ุทูŠุชู‡ ู…ุน ู†ุธุงู… ุนู„ุงุฌูŠ ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ anthracycline


๐Ÿซ† Neratinib โž” TKI of EGFR, HER2, and HER4

ุงู†ุทูŠู‡ ู…ุน Adjuvant therapy ู„ูƒู† ุจุนุฏ ุงูƒู…ุงู„ ุงู„ Trastuzumab


๐Ÿซ† Ado-trastuzumab emtansine (TDM1) โž”

ู†ู†ุทูŠู‡ ู„ู„ู…ุฑุฃุฉ ุงู„ูŠ ู…ุงุฎุฐู‡ neoadjuvant ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฑุงุญูŠุฉ ูˆุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุจู‚ุช ุจู‚ุงูŠุง ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒุงู†ุณุฑ ู†ู†ุทูŠู‡ ฺฉ adjuvant therapy




โญ• Endocrine therapy

ู†ุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ menopause state ููŠ ุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ

๐ŸซŸ Tamoxifen โž” premenoposal women
ู†ู†ุทูŠู‡ ุจุนุฏ ุงูƒู…ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ chemotherapy ู„ู…ุฏุฉ 5 ุงู„ู‰ 10 ุณู†ูˆุงุช


๐ŸซŸ Combination of LHRH (goserelin, triptorelin, and Leuprolide) + AI โž” recommended in premenoposal women

ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูุถู„
ู„ุงู† ู‡ูˆุงูŠ ุจูŠู‡ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ Tamoxifen

ู„ูƒู†ุŒ ุงุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุฃุฉ ู…ุนุฏู„ุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุชูƒุงุณุฉ ุนุฏู‡ุง ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุง ุชุชุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุงุซุงุฑ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ combination ู ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… Tamoxifen

๐ŸซŸ AI (anastrozole, letrozole and exemestane) โž” Postmenopoasal women



#Breast_Cancer
โค10
Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC) stage IV


ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงุฐุง ุงู„ูƒุงู†ุณุฑ ู…ู†ุชุดุฑ ูˆูˆุงุตู„ ู„ู„ bone ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ุงู†ู‡ ู†ู†ุทูŠ
Modifying agent (Pamidronate, Zoledronic acid, or Denosumab)
ุญุชู‰ ู†ู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุณูˆุฑ ูˆุขู„ุงู… ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ุงูˆ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ูู‚ุฑูŠ ูˆู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุญุจุดูƒู„ุงุช


โญ• Biologic Therapy

๐Ÿซ† CDK inhibitor
Abemaciclib, Palbociclib, and ribociclib โž” inhibit CDK 4, CDK6, Approved for MBC


๐Ÿซ† mTOR inhibitor
Everolimus
ูŠูˆู‚ู ุชู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ูƒุงู†ุณุฑ ุงุฐุง ุงู†ุทูŠุชู‡ ุจ combination ู…ุน ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงุฏูˆูŠุฉ :
Exemestane, Fulvestrant, or Tamoxifen (mTOR + F, E, T)


๐Ÿซ† PI3k inhibitor
Apelisib โž” approved in combination with Fulvestrant

ุจุดุฑูˆุท :
๐ŸซŸ Postmenopausal women and men
๐ŸซŸ Hormone receptor positive
๐ŸซŸ HER2 negative
๐ŸซŸ PI3K mutated
๐ŸซŸ Advanced or MBC

ุงู†ุทูŠู‡ ุจุนุฏ endocrine therapy ุงุฐุง ูุดู„ ูˆุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ูŠุชู‚ุฏู…

๐Ÿซ† PARP inhibitor
Olaparib, Talazoparib โž” improve progression free survival PFS in appropriate patients


๐Ÿซ† HER2 targeted agent
Trastuzumab, pertuzumab, Ado-trastuzumab emtansine, famtrastuzumab, deruxtecan, margetuximab, Lapatinib, Neratinib, and Tucatinib

๐Ÿ”ต Pertuzumab-trastuzumab and Taxane โž” first line in patients with HER2 over expression MBC
ุจุดุฑุท ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถุฉ ุณุงุจู‚ุง ู…ุง ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ pertuzumab ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุฉ ุณูˆุงุก adjuvant ุงูˆ neoadjuvant

๐Ÿ”ต Ado-trastuzumab emtansine โž” second line

ุงุฐุง ูุดู„ ุงู„ุฎุท ุงู„ุงูˆู„ ุงูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถุฉ ู…ุง ูƒุฏุฑุช ุชุชุญู…ู„ ุขุซุงุฑู‡ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจูŠุฉ ู†ู„ุฌุฃ ุงู„ู‰ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ



โญ• Endocrine Therapy

ุงุฐุง ุฌุงู†ุช ุญุงู„ุฉ MBC ู…ู† ู†ูˆุน hormone positive ู ู…ุน ุงู„ targeted therapy ู„ุงุฒู… ุงุถูŠู ุงู„ู€ endocrine therapy ูƒุฎุท ุนู„ุงุฌูŠ ุงูˆู„

ูˆู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠ ุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑ ุงู„ู€ endocrine therapy ูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ menopause state ุจุงู„ุงุถุงูุฉ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ ู„ู„ุนู„ุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ูˆ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ

ุงูŠุถุง ูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰
Mechanism of action, toxicity and pt preference

AI, Tamoxifen, Toremifen, and Fulvestrant โž” Preferred initial agent in MBC

ุจ ุงุณุชุซู†ุงุกุŒ ุงุฐุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู†ุง ูƒ adjuvant ูˆ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ู€ Adjuvant ุฑุฌุน ุงู„ูƒุงู†ุณุฑ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุณู†ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู‚ู„ุŒ ูู…ุง ุงุฑุฌุน ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ู† ู†ูุณู‡ู†

๐Ÿ”ต Fulvestrant im โž” approved for 2nd line therapy for Postmenopausal women with Hormone receptor positive tumor

ู…ู…ูƒู† ู„ูˆุญุฏู‡ ุงูˆ ู…ุน targeted therapy

๐Ÿ”ต LHRH agonists (goserelin, Triptorelin, and Leuprolide) โž” reversible alternative to oophorectomy in premenopausal women



โญ• Chemotherapy

ู†ุนุชุจุฑู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ initial agent ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุณุงุก ุงู„ูŠ ุชูƒูˆู† :
๐ŸซŸ Hormone receptor negative tumors
๐ŸซŸ Triple negative tumors
๐ŸซŸ After failure of endocrine/targeted therapy

ูˆุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑ ุงู„ chemotherapy ูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฉ ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ู…ู†ู‡ุง:
-overall efficacy
-the risk of toxicity
-performance status
-presence of comorbidities in the patient
-aggressiveness of disease
-patient preferences related to chemotherapy schedules
-dosing route
-frequency

ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ chemotherapy ุงู†ุทูŠู‡ู… ุณูˆูŠู‡
ุงูˆ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุชุชุงุจุนุฉ sequential ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูุถู„ุฉ

๐Ÿซ† Anthracyclines and Taxane โž” first line therapy for MBC
ุจุดุฑุท ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ุดุฑูˆุท ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุงุนู„ุงู‡๐ŸซŸ
ู…ุนุฏู„ุงุช ุงู„ุงุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ 50%

ูˆุฑุงู‡ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู†ุทูŠ Single agent ู…ุซู„ุง:
๐Ÿซ† Capecitabine, Vinorelbine, and gemcitabine
ู…ุนุฏู„ุงุช ุงู„ุงุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ 20-25%



โญ• Immunotherapy

๐Ÿซ† Pembrolizumab โž” mAB against PD1
ุงู†ุทูŠู‡ ุจ Combination ู…ุน:
Albumin bound Paclitaxel or
paclitaxel or
Carboplatin + Gemcitabine

๐Ÿซ† Atezolizumab โž” mAB against PDL1
ุงู†ุทูŠู‡ ุจ Combination ู…ุน
Albumin bound Paclitaxel




โญ• Radiation therapy

ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุจุงู„ุฃุดุนุงุน ู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ู€
Painful bone metastases

ุงูˆ ุงุฐุง ู…ู†ุชุดุฑ ู„ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ู…ุซู„ุง
brain, spinal cord, eye, and orbital lesions

ุงู„ุงู„ู… ู‚ู„ ููŠ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 90% ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ูŠ ุนุฏู‡ู… painful bone metastases ูˆุนุงู„ุฌู†ุงู‡ู… ุจ Radiation
๏ปฟ

#Breast_Cancer
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Forwarded from Pharmacy Topics (Qabas Hashim)
images.pdf
1.3 MB
ุนู„ุงุฌูŠุงุช
MCQ

Lymphoma
Adrenal gland
Introduction of cancer chemotherapy Lymphoma
Brest cancer
Prostat cancer
โค7๐Ÿ‘1
Treatment of Prostate cancer

Initial treatment for advanced prostate cancer is Androgen ablation โž” by orchiectomy or LHRH agonist with/without antiandrogens


Orchiectomy โž” is the preferred initial treatment of prostate cancer in pt with impending spinal cord compression or ureteral obstruction

Radical prostatectomy and radiation โž” may curative, but associated with complications
๏ปฟ

โญ• Pharmacological Therapy

๐Ÿ”ต LHRH agonist

Reversible method of androgen ablation = orchiectomy

Leuprolide acetate in different form
Goserelin acetate implant

ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ Leuprolide
ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ testosteron ูŠูˆุตู„ ู„ู„ castrate level ุฎู„ุงู„ 28 ูŠูˆู…

โญ• Adverse effect: disease flare up in first week(increase bone pain and urinary symptoms) , hot flash, erectile impotence, decreased libido and injection site reaction


ุญุชู‰ ู†ู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ disease flare upุŒ ูู‚ุจู„ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงุฏูˆูŠุฉ ุจ 2-4 ุงุณุงุจูŠุน ุงู†ุทูŠ
Antiandrogen โž” Flutamide, Bicalutamide and Nilutamide

ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ุงู†ู‡ ู†ุนุทูŠ Ca+D3 ูƒู…ูƒู…ู„ุงุช ุบุฐุงุฆูŠุฉุŒ ู„ุงู† ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุงุฏูˆูŠุฉ ุฑุญ ุชู‚ู„ู„ ุงู„ุชุณุชูˆุณุชูŠุฑูˆู† ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู† ู…ู‡ู… ู„ู„ุนุธุงู…

ุงูˆ ุญุชู‰ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู†ุทูŠ
Anti resorptive agent โž” Alendronate, Zoledronic acid and Denosumab





๐Ÿ”ต LHRH antagonist

Degarelix and Relugolix

ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ุชู‚ู„ู„ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุชุณุชูˆุณุชูŠุฑูˆู† ุงู„ู‰ castrate level ุฎู„ุงู„ ูุชุฑุฉ ู‚ุตูŠุฑุฉ 7 ุงูŠุงู… ุงูˆ ุงู‚ู„

ูˆ ุงู„ุญู„ูˆ ุจูŠู‡ุง ู…ุง ุชุณูˆูŠ Disease flare up

Degarelix โž” S.C injection every 28 day
ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ุงู†ู‡ ู†ู†ุทูŠ ูˆูŠุงู‡ ู…ูƒู…ู„ุงุช ุบุฐุงุฆูŠุฉ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ Ca+D3 ู„ุงู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุณุจุจ OP

Relugolix โž” oral agent daily
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุตุนุจ ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู„ุชุฒุงู… ุงู„ู€ adherence

โญ• Adverse effect: hot flashes, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, Qt prolongation



๐Ÿ”ต Antiandrogen

๐Ÿซ† 1st generation: Flutamide, Bicalutamide and Nilutamide
ุบูŠุฑ ู…ูˆุตู‰ ุจูŠู‡ุง ูƒ monotherapy

Indicated for advanced Prostate cancer only combined with LHRH agonists (Flutamide and Bicalutamide) or with orchiectomy (Nilutamide)

ุงู„ุฌูŠู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูŠุณุจุจ:
Gynecomastia, hot flashes, decreased libido and breast tenderness

๐Ÿซ† 2nd generation: Apalutamide, Enzalutamide and Darolutamide

ใ€ฝ๏ธ Enzalutamide โž” may used first line
ุญุชู‰ ู†ุณูˆูŠ ุชุฃุฎูŠุฑ delay ุงู„ุจุฏุก ุจ chemotherapy ููŠ :
Pt with non metastatic CRPC
Pt with metastatic CRPC
Pt with metastatic naรฏve CRPC

ใ€ฝ๏ธ Darlutamide โž” non metastatic CRPC

ุงู„ุฌูŠู„ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุณุจุจ:
Seizures




๐Ÿ”ต Combined androgen blockade


ู…ูุถู„ ุญุชู‰ ู†ุณูˆูŠ completely eliminate androgen actionุŒ ู„ุงู† ุงู„ูƒุงู†ุณุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฑุฌุน ุฎู„ุงู„ 2-4 ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุจุนุฏ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู€
LHRH agonists/antagonists



๐Ÿ”ต Alternative drug therapy

If radical prostatectomy is failed โž” alternative is Radiotherapy

If radiation therapy or radical prostatectomy are failed โž” alternative is androgen ablation therapy (LHRH agonists/antagonists)

ใ€ฝ๏ธ Abiraterone โž” androgen synthesis inhibitor targets CYP17ฮฑ1

Indicated in:
Pt with metastatic CRPC
Pt with metastatic naรฏve CRPC

ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุณุจุจ hypoadrenalism ูˆุชุตูŠุฑ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ู…ุซู„
Hypertension, Hypokalemia, Edema
ูู„ุงุฒู… ุงู†ุทูŠ ูˆูŠุงู‡ prednisone ุญุชู‰ ู†ุนูˆุถ ู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ cortisol




๐Ÿ”ต Chemotherapy

Docetaxel (with prednisone) โž” improve survival in CRPC

ูŠุณุจุจ Alopecia, myelosuppression

Cabazitaxel (with prednisone) โž” improve progression free and overall survival
ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุงู„ูŠ ุณุงุจู‚ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…
Docetaxel (with prednisone)



๐Ÿ”ต Immunotherapy

ใ€ฝ๏ธ Sipuleucel-T โž” approved for asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic CRPC

ใ€ฝ๏ธ Pembrolizumab โž” inhibits signals
ูˆุชุณุจุจ ุชูุนูŠู„ ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุชุงุฆูŠุฉ T cell senescence ู ุชุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู†ุดุงุท ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนูŠ ุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุณุฑุทุงู†ูŠุฉ

ูŠุณุจุจ immune adverse reaction



๐Ÿ”ต Targeted Therapy

ใ€ฝ๏ธ PARP inhibitors โž” olaprib and Rucaparib

Indicated in:
Pt with metastatic CRPC
ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุทูุฑุงุช ุฌูŠู†ูŠุฉ
(ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† homologous recombination ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ู€ BRCA1, BRCA2)




๐Ÿ”ต Nuclear Therapy

ใ€ฝ๏ธ Radium-223 โž” ฮฑ emitter
ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ ูƒ
1st, 2nd, 3rd line in Pt with metastatic CRPC with symptomatic primary bone metastases

ุบูŠุฑ ู…ูˆุตู‰ ุจูŠู‡ ู…ุน:
Abiraterone, 2nd gen. Antiandrogen, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy

ุขุซุงุฑู‡ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจูŠุฉ ุชุชุถู…ู†:
N/V/D, peripheral edema, bone marrow suppression



#Prostate_Cancer
โค15
โค4
๐—”๐—ฅ๐—ข๐—ก ๐—ฆ๐—ง๐—จ๐——๐—ฌ
Alzheimer Disease.pdf
ุฎุงู ู‡ู… ูŠุฌู† ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ

ู‡ุฐู†ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงุนุฑุงุถ ุงู„ุฒู‡ุงูŠู…ุฑ ุจุณ ุจูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุฎุงุตุฉ

Apraxia
ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู…ุง ุฑุญ ูŠูƒุฏุฑ ูŠุฃุฏูŠ ู…ู‡ุงู…ู‡
ุงูˆ ู…ูŠูƒุฏุฑ ูŠุงูƒู„ ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ุง

Anomia
ู‡ู… ู†ูุณ ู…ุนู†ู‰ ู†ุณูŠุงู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ูˆุงู„ุงุณู…ุงุก

Amnesia
ูู‚ุฏุงู† ุฐุงูƒุฑุฉ

Agnosia
ู…ุง ูŠุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู‚ุงุฑุจู‡ ุงูˆ ุงูุฑุงุฏ ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ

Aphasia
ุชู„ุนุซู… ุงูˆ ูƒู„ุงู… ุบูŠุฑ ู…ูู‡ูˆู…


ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุงุช ูƒู„ู‡ู† ุจุณ ู…ูˆ ุจู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช

ุฎุงู ูŠุฌู† ุญูุธูˆู‡ู† ู‡ุฌูŠ

#alzheimer
โค32๐Ÿ™1๐Ÿ’ฏ1
โญ• Non pharmacological Therapy only for mild symptoms


ใ€ฝ๏ธ Mild vasomotor(hot flashes and night sweats) and/or Vaginal dryness

ุชู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุบุฑูุฉุŒ ุชู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุชู†ุงูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุงููŠูŠู† ุŒุงู„ุฃุทุนู…ุฉ ุงู„ุญุงุฑุฉ spicy ูˆุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุจุงุช ุงู„ุณุงุฎู†ุฉ ุŒ ุงู„ุฅู‚ู„ุงุน ุนู† ุงู„ุชุฏุฎูŠู†ุŒ ู…ู…ุงุฑุณุฉ ุงู„ุชู…ุงุฑูŠู† ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุฉ ูˆุงุชุจุงุน ู†ุธุงู… ุบุฐุงุฆูŠ ุตุญูŠ

ใ€ฝ๏ธ Mild Vulvovaginal symptoms (vaginal dryness, dyspareunia)

ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… nonhormonal lubricants and moisturizers ู…ูˆุงุฏ ู…ุฑุทุจุฉ



โญ• Pharmacological Therapy MHT

Most effective treatment for moderate and severe vasomotor symptoms, impaired sleep quality, and Vulvovaginal symptoms


๐Ÿซ† Urogenital symptoms such as vaginal dryness and dyspareunia only in menopausal women

ู‚ุจู„ ู„ุง ู†ููƒุฑ ุจุงุนุทุงุก ุงู„ู€ oral therapy ู†ู†ุทูŠ:
Intravaginal estrogen cream, Intravaginal tablet, or ring

๐ŸซŸ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ Intravaginal estrogen ุงูƒุซุฑ ูุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู† oral
ูˆุงู‚ู„ systemic absorption
ู†ู†ุทูŠู‡ ูู‚ุท ุงุฐุง ุฌุงู†ุช ุงู„ุงุนุฑุงุถ Urogenital symptoms

๐ŸซŸ ุจุงู„ุงุถุงูุฉ ุงู†ู‡ Intravaginal estrogen :
Decreased risk of urinary infections and improve urge incontinence and overactive bladder


ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ vaginal estrogen ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุฌุฑุน ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ูู…ูˆ ุดุฑุท ู†ู†ุทูŠ ูˆูŠุงู‡ progesterone

ุงุฐุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุณ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฃุฉ ู…ุง ุชุฑูŠุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ local therapy ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ุชุฑูŠุฏ Intravaginal estrogen ุŒุชุฑูŠุฏ oral therapy ูู‡ู†ุง ู†ุฎุชุงุฑ
Ospemifene (serm)

ุงู„ู†ุณุงุก ุงู„ูŠ ู…ุณูˆูŠุงุช ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงุณุชุฆุตุงู„ ู„ู„ุฑุญู… hysterectomy ุŒ ู†ูƒุชููŠ ูู‚ุท ุจ estrogen therapy

ู…ุง ูŠุญุชุงุฌ ุงู†ุทูŠ ูˆูŠุงู‡ progesteron

ุงู„ู†ุณุงุก ุงู„ูŠ ุนุฏู‡ู† ุงู„ุฑุญู… ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆุณู„ูŠู… intact uterusุŒ ูู‡ู†ุง MHT ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† estrogen ูˆ progesterone

ุงูˆ ุงู†ู‡ ู†ู†ุทูŠ ุฏูˆุงุก ูŠูƒูˆู† estrogen agonist/antagonist ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู€ Bazedoxifene

ู…ุง ุงูƒุฏุฑ ุงู†ุทูŠ estrogen ู„ูˆุญุฏู‡ ู„ุงู† ูŠุณุจุจ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุจุฎุทุฑ ุงู„ุฃุตุงุจุฉ ููŠ ุณุฑุทุงู† ุงู„ุฑุญู…


For moderate to severe Vasomotor symptoms

ู‡ู†ุง ู†ู†ุทูŠ systemic therapy ุณูˆุงุก oral ุงูˆ injection



๐Ÿซ† Oral estrogen

ใ€ฝ๏ธ Conjugated equine estrogen (estrone sulfate 50-60% and equilin and 17ฮฑ dihydroequilin)


ใ€ฝ๏ธEstradiol โž” endogenous estrogen
ู…ูˆ ูุนุงู„ ูƒู„ุด ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ metabolism ูˆูŠุชุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู‰ estrone

ใ€ฝ๏ธ Ethinyl estradiol โž” semi synthetic, equally effective when given oral or parenteral
๏ปฟ

๐Ÿซ†Non oral estrogens

Transdermal, intranasal, and vaginal products

ุงูุถู„ ู…ู† oral estrogen ู„ุงู† ุงู‚ู„ ุชุนุฑุถุง ู„ู„ 1st pass metabolism

Transdermal estrogen
ุงู‚ู„ ุชุณุจุจุง ููŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€
Sex hormone binding globulin, TG, BP, C reactive protein

ูˆู‡ู…ูŠู†ู‡ ุชู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ู…ุฎุงุทุฑ ุงู„ู€
DVT, stroke, MI


ใ€ฝ๏ธ Femring โž” achieved systemic estrogen, so indicated for moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms

ุนูƒุณ ุจู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ vaginal ring ุงู„ูŠ ุชูˆูุฑ estrogen ูู‚ุท locally


Transdermal MHT and low dose oral estrogen therapy have lower risk of VTE and stroke compared to standard dose oral estrogen


MHT โž” CI in Pt with personal history of breast cancer

ูŠุฒุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ุฎุทุฑ ุงุฐุง ุชู…ุช ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุงู„ progesteron ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ estrogen



๐Ÿซ† Progestogens

ู„ูˆุญุฏู‡ ู…ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ูƒ MHT
ู„ูƒู† ู†ู†ุทูŠู‡ ู…ุน estrogen ุญุชู‰ ูŠู†ุทูŠ protective effect ู…ุซู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุณุงุก ุงู„ูŠ ุนุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ุฑุญู… ุณู„ูŠู…

ุงูˆ ุงู†ู‡ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุฏูˆุงุก ุงู„ Bazedoxifene ู…ุน ุงู„ estrogen

Medroxyprogesterone acetate, micronized progesterone, norethindrone acetate โž” approved Progestogen for menopausal symptom treatment



๐Ÿซ† Compounded bioidentical hormone therapy CBHT

ู‡ุฐุง ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ู…ู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุงูƒูˆ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ุชุฎุตูŠุต ุฌุฑุนุฉ ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุฑูŠุถุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถุฉ ุชุชุญุณุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชูˆูุฑุฉ

ุงู„ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ููŠ CBHT :
Estrone, estriol, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, dhea and thyroid hormone



โญ• Estrogen alternative for treatment of Hot Flashes

๐Ÿซ† SSRI (paroxetine, fluoxetine, citalopram, and escitalopram)
๐Ÿซ† SNRI (venlafaxine and desvenlafaxine) โž” may consider 1st line

๐Ÿซ† Clonidine
ู‚ู„ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ุฃุซุงุฑ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจูŠุฉ
๐Ÿซ† Gabapentin โž” reducing the frequency and severity of vasomotor symptoms
ุฎุตูˆุตุง ุงู„ูŠ ุนุฏู‡ู… ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุจุงู„ู†ูˆู… ูˆ hot flashes ุงูˆ night sweat



โญ• Androgen

Testosterone โž” controversial
ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุญุณู† ุงู„ sexual function

ู…ู…ู†ูˆุน ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุฑุถุงุนุฉ

Dehydrepiandrosterone DHEA
Intravaginal dhea โž” approved for treatment of moderate to severe dyspareunia



#HRT
โค11
โญ• SERM

๐Ÿซ† Tamoxifen โž” may cause endometrium cancer
๐Ÿซ† Raloxifen โž” approved for prevention and treatment of postmenopausal Osteoporosis and reducing the risk of invasive breast cancer

Bazedoxifene โž” 3rd gen. Serm
Give with estrogen For moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms and prevention of Osteoporosis

๐Ÿซ† Ospemifene โž” approved for dyspareunia from menopausal vulvar and vaginal atrophy

ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ risk of endometrial cancer ู„ุงู†ู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† partial agonist ุฎุตูˆุตุง ุงุฐุง ุงู†ุทูŠู‡ ู„ูˆุญุฏู‡ ุจุฏูˆู† progesterone

๐Ÿซ† Phytoestrogen โž” black cohosh, dong quai, red clover leaf and ginseng



#HRT
โค11
๐Ÿ’ข Nonpharmacologic therapy for dysmenorrhea includes:

Exercise
Topical heat therapy
Acupuncture
A low-fat vegetarian diet


๐Ÿ’ขPharmacologic Therapy

๐Ÿ”นNSAIDs are the first-line treatment for dysmenorrhea โž” effective in up to 80% of patients

They work by inhibiting prostaglandin production, reducing pain, uterine contractions, and menstrual blood flow

๐Ÿซ†Commonly used NSAIDs:
Ibuprofen
Naproxen


Aspirin is not recommended โž” less potent at usual doses

ู†ู†ุทูŠ ุงู„ู€ NSAIDs ู‚ุจู„ ูŠูˆู… ุงูˆ ูŠูˆู…ูŠู† ู…ู† mc ุงูˆ ู‚ุจู„ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู„ู… ูˆุชุณุชู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถุฉ ูŠูˆู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซ ุงูŠุงู… ู„ุญูŠู† ุงุฎุชูุงุก ุงู„ุงู„ู…

ุจุงู„ุนุงุฏุฉ ู†ู†ุทูŠ ุจุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ double dose ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ู†ุฑุฌุน ู†ู†ุทูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฑุนุฉ ุงู„ุงุนุชูŠุงุฏูŠุฉ



A 22-year-old female presented with severe dysmenorrhea. She had a history of peptic ulcer disease with recurrent gastric bleeding. Which of the following is the most appropriate management?

a- Aspirin
b- Ibuprofen
c- Naproxen
d- Combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs)
e- High-dose NSAIDs

ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ nsaids ุบูŠุฑ ูุนุงู„ุฉ ุงูˆ ุงูƒูˆ ู…ุงู†ุน ู…ู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ุŒ ุงู„ุจุฏูŠู„ ู‡ูˆ CHC


๐Ÿ”นCHC improve dysmenorrhea by suppressing ovulation and reducing endometrial growth, leading to decreased prostaglandin and leukotriene production

ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุณุชู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถุฉ
2-3months
ุงูˆ ุญุชู‰ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูˆุตู„ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู‰ 6 ุงุดู‡ุฑ

Cyclic (28 tab) and Extended (91 tab) regimens are effective

ุงู„ู€ Continuous CHCs ูŠุฎูู ุงู„ุงู„ู… ุงุณุฑุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ cyclic regimens
ู„ูƒู† ุจุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุจุนุฏ 6 ุงุดู‡ุฑ ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ูุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ

ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ secondary dysmenorrhea ุจุณุจุจ endometriosis ุจุทุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฑุญู… ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑุฉ ู ุงู„ุฎุท ุงู„ุงูˆู„ ู‡ูˆ Extended (91 tab) CHC




๐Ÿ”นProgestin-only contraceptives help treat dysmenorrhea by reducing or stopping menstruation over 6โ€“12 months, which decreases prostaglandin release

๐Ÿซ†Long-acting options include:
Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA)
Etonogestrel implant
Levonorgestrel-releasing IUD

levonorgestrel-releasing IUD saw a reduction in their symptoms from 60% to 29% after 3 years of
therapy




๐Ÿ”บIn adolescents, the first-line treatment for dysmenorrhea is
NSAIDs

๐Ÿ”บ If there is no improvement after 3 menstrual cycles โ†’ switch to combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs)

๐Ÿ”บIf symptoms persist after 3โ€“6 months of NSAIDs and CHCs โ†’ first check treatment adherence

๐Ÿ”บIf adherence is confirmed and there is still no improvement โ†’ laparoscopy is recommended for further evaluation


๐Ÿ”บDMPA should be used with caution in adolescents because long-term use may reduce bone mineral density (BMD), which may not be fully reversible โ†’ so other options are preferred first-line

๏ปฟ

#MRD
โค8
๐Ÿ’ขNonpharmacologic treatment for amenorrhea depends on the cause:

If due to undernutrition or anorexia โ†’ improve with weight gain and psychotherapy


If due to excessive exercise โ†’ managed by reducing exercise intensity

In functional hypothalamic amenorrhea โ†’ try psychological therapy (e.g., CBT), nutritional support, and/or exercise modification before starting medications



๐Ÿ’ขPharmacologic Therapy

๐Ÿ”บEstrogen/progestin therapy (Oral contraceptives, CEE, estradiol patch) was previously used for most cases of primary or secondary amenorrhea

ุณุงุจู‚ุง ุฌุงู†ุช ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู…ุง ุญุงู„ูŠุง ู ุงู„ู€
combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs) and synthetic estrogens
ู…ุง ุชุนุชุจุฑ ุฎุท ุนู„ุงุฌูŠ ุงูˆู„ ู„ู„ู€
functional hypothalamic amenorrhea

๐Ÿซ†
ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุญุณุจ
the 2017 Endocrine Society guideline:

ุงูˆู„ุง ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…
nonpharmacologic therapy (psychological support + nutritional therapy)

ูˆุฑุงู‡ุง ุงุฐุง ู…ุง ุตุงุฑ ุชุญุณู† ู†ู„ุฌุฃ ู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…
use short-term transdermal estrogen + cyclic oral progestins



๐Ÿ”บDopamine Agonists

In amenorrhea caused by hyperprolactinemia, the treatment of choice is dopamine agonists



These drugs lower prolactin levels, leading to:

Resolution of amenorrhea
Restoration of ovulation in 80โ€“90% of women

๐Ÿซ†Common agents:
Bromocriptine
Cabergoline (more effective and better tolerated)



๐Ÿ”บProgestins are used to induce withdrawal bleeding in secondary amenorrhea

Withdrawal bleeding occurs in:
~70% with intramuscular progesterone

~95% with oral medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA)

๐Ÿซ†Usual regimen:
Oral MPA 10 mg daily for 7โ€“10 days

๏ปฟ

๐Ÿ”บ insulin-sensitizing drugs : In PCOS-related amenorrhea, like metformin may be beneficial

ู„ุงู†ู‡ ูŠู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ูˆูŠู‚ู„ู„ ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ู ูŠู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุชูƒูŠุณ ุงู„ู…ุจุงูŠุถ

๐Ÿซ†ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู†ู‡ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ูƒู…ู„ุงุช ุบุฐุงุฆูŠุฉ Ca + D3

๐Ÿซ†ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุชู… ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ letrozole ุงุฐุง ุฌุงู†ุช ุงูƒูˆ ุฑุบุจุฉ ุจุงู„ุญู…ู„ ู„ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุญูุฒ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ ovulation



๐Ÿ’ข Adolescents with primary ovarian insufficiency may require higher estrogen doses than menopausal women for bone health


๐Ÿซ†If breast development is absent or incomplete:
Start estrogen therapy
first Increase dose gradually
Add progesterone later to support breast development and avoid tubular breasts

๐Ÿซ†After puberty is completed: Goal is to maintain
normal estradiol levels Recommended:

Estradiol 100 mcg daily (oral
, transdermal, or sometimes vaginal)

๐Ÿ”บAdd cyclic progesterone for 10โ€“12 days/month to prevent endometrial hyperplasia and cancer


๐Ÿ”บOral contraceptives are not first-line, because they often contain higher estrogen doses than needed


#MRD
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Anovulatory bleeding

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