Forwarded from ๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ก ๐ฆ๐ง๐จ๐๐ฌ (๐ต๐๐๐๐ถ๐ฎ๐ป ๐ฎ๐น๐ถ)
Relapse ALL
Chemotherapy
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT)
#Leukemia
๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ก ๐ฆ๐ง๐จ๐๐ฌ
Chemotherapy
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT)
Chemotherapy:
๐ธClofarabine โ active in refractory acute leukemias
๐นBlinatumomab โ targets CD19, for Ph negative relapsed or refractory ALL
๐ธInotuzumab ozogamicin โ anti CD-22, used in relapsed and refractory B-ALL
๐นTisagenlecleucel โ anti-CD19, used in patients with relapsed and refractory B-cell ALL
#Leukemia
๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ก ๐ฆ๐ง๐จ๐๐ฌ
โค1๐1
๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ก ๐ฆ๐ง๐จ๐๐ฌ
ุทูุงุจ ุงูุฑุงุจุนุฉ ูุงูุฎุงู
ุณุฉ ุงู ูุณู
# ุจุงูุฑุณุงูุฉ ุงูู
ุซุจุชุฉ ู
ู ุชุถุบุทูู ุนููู ุฑุญ ุชุธูุฑ ุนุฏูู
ูฃ ุงููููุงุช ู
ูุดูุฑุงุช ุนุงู
ุฉ ู
ุญุงุฏุซุงุชู ูุฐู ุงูู
ุญุงุฏุซุฉ ุชุฎุชุงุฑูู ูุฐู ุงูู
ุญุงุฏุซุฉ ุญุชู ุชุญุตููู ูู ุงูุดุบูุงุช ุงูู ู
ูุฒููุง
ูุฌู ุงุฎูุงู ุณููุฉ ูุงููู
โค3๐ค1
Forwarded from ๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ก ๐ฆ๐ง๐จ๐๐ฌ (๐ต๐๐๐๐ถ๐ฎ๐ป ๐ฎ๐น๐ถ)
Treatment of AML
๐ซ Most effective treatment for AML is Allo HSCT
๐ซRelapse AML
#Leukemia
๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ก ๐ฆ๐ง๐จ๐๐ฌ
1. Induction
combination of cytarabine and daunorubicin
ู ู ูู ูุถูู ุงูู gemtuzumab ozogamicin ููู induction therapy ููู ุฑุถู ูุจุงุฑ ุงูุณู
2. Consolidation
use of 2-4 cycles of high-dose cytarabine
๐ซ Most effective treatment for AML is Allo HSCT
ูู ุญุงูุฉ ุงูู CNS Therapy ูุณุชุฎุฏู :
โ Intrathecal Cytarabine with or without MTX
โ Systemic High dose Cytarabine
๐ซRelapse AML
๐ธHigh dose of Cytarabine๏ปฟ
May be combined with: MECCF
Mitoxantrone, Etoposide 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine, Clofarabine, Fludarabine
๐นPatients unable to tolerate intensive chemotherapy ๐, use low dose of Cytarabine and Azacitidine
๐ธAlternative therapy:
Ventoclax combined with Decitabine or Azacitidine
#Leukemia
๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ก ๐ฆ๐ง๐จ๐๐ฌ
โค8
Forwarded from ๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ก ๐ฆ๐ง๐จ๐๐ฌ (๐ต๐๐๐๐ถ๐ฎ๐ป ๐ฎ๐น๐ถ)
Treatment of CML
โญ Pt suffered from CML, and taken TKI,
ูู ุง ู ุณุชูุงุฏ ู ููุง ูุนูู ุตุงูุฑุฉ ุนูุฏู resistant ูู TKI
ู ุงู Curative therapy ุจูุงู ุงูุญุงูุฉ ูู Allo HSCT ุงูุนูุงุฌ ุงููุญูุฏ ุงูู ูุณุจ cure ุจุญุงูุฉ CML
#Leukemia
๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ก ๐ฆ๐ง๐จ๐๐ฌ
๐นfirst- line therapy for newly
diagnosed CP-CML is Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors TKI
1st G: imatinib
2nd G: dasatinib, nilotinib, and bosutinib
3rd G: Ponatinib
ุงูุงุฎูุฑ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู ู ูู ุญุงูุฉ
CML with T315I mutation
ุขุซุงุฑูุง ุงูุฌุงูุจูุฉ
Myelosuppression, gastrointestinal disturbances, and myalgias
Pleural effusion โ
ุฎุตูุตุง ุงู imatinib ู Dasatinib
๐ธHydroxyurea
ูุฐุง ูุณุชุฎุฏู ู ุญุชู ูููู ุงุนุฏุงุฏ neutrophil ุงู WBC ุญุชู ูู ูุน ุญุตูู
Respiratory and neurologic compilations
ู ุง ุนูุฏู ุงู ุชุฃุซูุฑ ุนูู CML
โญ Pt suffered from CML, and taken TKI,
ูู ุง ู ุณุชูุงุฏ ู ููุง ูุนูู ุตุงูุฑุฉ ุนูุฏู resistant ูู TKI
ู ุงู Curative therapy ุจูุงู ุงูุญุงูุฉ ูู Allo HSCT ุงูุนูุงุฌ ุงููุญูุฏ ุงูู ูุณุจ cure ุจุญุงูุฉ CML
๐นOmacetaxine :
indicated for patients in CP- or AP- CML who are resistant or intolerant to two or more TKIs
ูุฐูู ูู ุญุงูุฉ ูุฌูุฏ ูุฐู ุงูุทูุฑุฉ T315I
Ad. Effect: hyperglycemia
#Leukemia
๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ก ๐ฆ๐ง๐จ๐๐ฌ
โค9
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ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ูุฎุงู
ุณุฉ
ูุฌู ุชุทูุนูู ุงูู ูุงุญุธุงุช ุงูู ุจ ุงูู #
ูุฌู ุชุทูุนูู ุงูู ูุงุญุธุงุช ุงูู ุจ ุงูู #
โค6๐ญ3
๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ก ๐ฆ๐ง๐จ๐๐ฌ
Photo
Treatment of CLL
โญ Ibrutinib (BTK inhibitor) , ventoclax (BCL2 inhibitor) โ front line treatment of symptomatic CLL
๐ซ ู ู ูู ูุถูู
Monoclonal antibody anti CD20
ููุฎุท ุงูุงููู ูู ุนูุงุฌ ุงูู CLL
ูุงู ุจุดูู ุนุงู
ูุฌู ููุชูุตูู:
โญ Cytotoxic Chemotherapy
โญ Monoclonal Antibody
๏ปฟ
โญ Targeted therapy
#Leukemia
โญ Ibrutinib (BTK inhibitor) , ventoclax (BCL2 inhibitor) โ front line treatment of symptomatic CLL
๐ซ ู ู ูู ูุถูู
Monoclonal antibody anti CD20
ููุฎุท ุงูุงููู ูู ุนูุงุฌ ุงูู CLL
ูุงู ุจุดูู ุนุงู
ูุฌู ููุชูุตูู:
โญ Cytotoxic Chemotherapy
๐ซ FCR (fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab)
ู ูุถูุฉ ูู ุงูู ุฑูุถ ุงูู ุนูุฏู CLL ูุนู ุฑู ุงูู ู ู 65 ุณูุฉ ูุนูุฏู Igvh mutation
โญ Monoclonal Antibody
Anti CD20
๐ซ Rituximab, Obinutuzumab, Ofatumumab
ู ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏู ูู ูู monotherapy, ูุงูู ุง ุงูุทููู ุจ combination ู ุน
Targeted and Chemo therapy
ุจุนุถูุง ู ุดุชู ู ู ู ุตุงุฏุฑ ุญููุงููุฉุ ูุชุณุจุจ ุชูุงุนูุงุช ู ูุงุนูุฉ ูุชุญุณุณูุฉ ููุญุชุงุฌ ุงูู ุงูุทู ูุจููุง :
Diphenhydramine and acetaminophen
ูู ู ูู ูุณูู ุชูุดูุท ูุจุนุถ ุงูููุฑูุณุงุช ู ุซูุง Hepatitis B
ู ูููุงูุฉ ููุทู
Prophylactic hepatitis B antiviral therapy
ูุงุฐุง ุชูุนู ุงูููุฑูุณ ูุญุชุงุฌ ุนูุงุฌ ูุงูุนูุงุฌ ูู entecavir
๏ปฟ
โญ Targeted therapy
BTK inhibitors:
๐ซ Ibrutinib โ first line as monotherapy
ูู ูู ุงูู ุฑุถู ุณูุงุก ุงูู ุนุฏูู ุญุฐู ุจุฌูู P53 ู ู ฺฉุฑู ูุณูู 17 ุงู ูุง
ุจุณ ููุชุจู ุงูู ู ู ูู ูุณุจุจ atrial fibrillation
๐ซ Acalabrutinib โ 2nd gen. Of BTK inhibitors, more selective than Ibrutinib
ู ู ูู ุงุณุชุฎุฏู ู ู ุฎุท ุนูุงุฌู ุงูู ููุญุฏู ุงู ู ุน ุงูู obinutuzumab
ูู ู ูู ูุณุชุฎุฏู ู ูู ุนูุงุฌ ุงูู
Relapsed or Refractory CLL
๏ปฟ
Pi3K inhibitors
๐ซIdelalisib, duvelisib
ุงูู idelalisib ู ู ูู ุงุณุชุฎุฏู ู ููุญุฏู ุงู ุจ combination ู ุน ุงูู rituximab
๏ปฟ
BCL2 inhibitor
๐ซ Venetoclax โ may used as first line for pt with CLL
ูู ู ูู ููู ุฑุถู ุงูู ุนุฏูู
Relapsed Or Refractory CLL
ู ู ูู ุงูุทู ููุงู Anti CD20
ุขุซุงุฑู ุงูุฌุงูุจูุฉ :
TLS
Prolonged Neutropenia
ูุฐูู ูุญุชุงุฌ ููุทู ููุงู Growth factor support
๏ปฟ
#Leukemia
โค14
๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ก ๐ฆ๐ง๐จ๐๐ฌ
Lymphomas.pdf
ุจุงูููุฏูู ูุชุจุช ุนู ุงูุฎุทุง
ูุฑุงููุชูู ุงูู ุตุฏุฑ ููุชูุง
ุงูุฎุทุง ู ู ู ูู ู ู ุงูู ููุฌ
ูู ู ูุฑูุช ุงูู ูุถูุน ูุจู ูุง ุงุดุฑุญู ุงูุชุจูุช ููุฎุทุฃ
ู ูุจูุชูู ุจุงูููุฏูู ุงูู ูุฐุง vinicristine ุชุฑู
ุงูู ุฌุฑุนุชู 1.4 ูุตูุฑ vincristine
#Lymphoma
ูุฑุงููุชูู ุงูู ุตุฏุฑ ููุชูุง
ุงูุฎุทุง ู ู ู ูู ู ู ุงูู ููุฌ
ูู ู ูุฑูุช ุงูู ูุถูุน ูุจู ูุง ุงุดุฑุญู ุงูุชุจูุช ููุฎุทุฃ
ู ูุจูุชูู ุจุงูููุฏูู ุงูู ูุฐุง vinicristine ุชุฑู
ุงูู ุฌุฑุนุชู 1.4 ูุตูุฑ vincristine
#Lymphoma
โค17๐ฏ2
Prevention of Breast Cancer
In higher risk patients:
Mastectomy, oophorectomy, pharmacological Therapy
Pharmacological Therapy: SERM, AI
ุงูุชุงู ููุณููู ูุณุจุจ ุฒูุงุฏุฉ ูู ุฎุทุฑ ุญุตูู ุงู endometrial cancer
ูุงุซููููู ู ู ูู ูุณุจุจูู thromboembolic events
๐ซ Postmenopausal women with high risk of contralateral primary breast cancer โ Aromatase inhibitors AI
ุงู guidelines ุชูุตู ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู ุงูู serm+AI ูู ูุน ุงู breast cancer ูู ุงู postmenopausal women ุจุณ ู ูู ู ู ุงู sermุ
Raloxifene
๐ซ Premenoposal women with high risk of breast cancer โ Tamoxifein
#Breast_Cancer
In higher risk patients:
Mastectomy, oophorectomy, pharmacological Therapy
Pharmacological Therapy: SERM, AI
โญ SERM: Tamoxifein, Raloxifene for 5 years
ุงูุชุงู ููุณููู ูุณุจุจ ุฒูุงุฏุฉ ูู ุฎุทุฑ ุญุตูู ุงู endometrial cancer
ูุงุซููููู ู ู ูู ูุณุจุจูู thromboembolic events
โญ Aromatase inhibitors: Exemestane, Anastrozole
๐ซ Postmenopausal women with high risk of contralateral primary breast cancer โ Aromatase inhibitors AI
ุงู guidelines ุชูุตู ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู ุงูู serm+AI ูู ูุน ุงู breast cancer ูู ุงู postmenopausal women ุจุณ ู ูู ู ู ุงู sermุ
Raloxifene
๐ซ Premenoposal women with high risk of breast cancer โ Tamoxifein
#Breast_Cancer
โค15๐2๐1
Treatment of Breast Cancer stage I-III
โญ Chemotherapy
โญ Biologic (targeted) Therapy
โญ Endocrine therapy
#Breast_Cancer
Surgery(Mastectomy, BCT)
alone can cure:
Most pt with in situ cancer
70-80% pt with stage ฤฑ
Half of pt (50%) with Stage ฤฑฤฑ
ุจุนุฏ ุงูุนู ููุฉ ู ู ูู ูุณุชุฎุฏู Radiation ูููุถุงุก ุนูู ุจูุงูุง ุงููุงูุณุฑ
Systemic therapy: Chemotherapy, Endocrine therapy, Targeted therapy
or combination of these agents(in higher risk pt and specific prognostic factors)
โญ Chemotherapy
Goal: cure
๐ซ Indications:
Adjuvant therapy โ after surgery
Neoadjuvant therapy โ before surgery in stage ฤฑฤฑฤฑ (locally advanced BC)
ุญุชู ูููู ุญุฌู ุงููุฑู ููุณูู ุงุฌุฑุงุก ุงูุนู ููุฉ ุงูุฌุฑุงุญูุฉ ู ู ูู ุงูุทู chemotherapy ููุญุฏู ุงู ู ุน
targeted(biologic) therapy, and may be endocrine therapy
Chemotherapy: doxorubicin, epirubicin, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, fluorouracil, carboplatin, paclitaxel and docetaxel
๐ซ As adjuvant: alone or combination of chemotherapy(more effective)
๐ซ Anthracycline (doxorubicin or epirubicin) and Taxane (paclitaxel or docetaxel) โ adjuvant treatment of breast cancer
ูุนุชุจุฑ ุงูู
cornerstones of chemotherapy
ููุทููุง ุจุนุฏ ุงูุนู ููุฉ ุงูุฌุฑุงุญูุฉ ูู ุฏุฉ 12 ุงุณุจูุน
โญ Biologic (targeted) Therapy
๐ซ Trastuzumab โ mAB against HER2 receptor
ุงูุทู ูู ุญุงูุงุช ุงูู breast cancer ุงูู ุนุฏูู over expression HER2
ุจ combination ู ุน Adjuvant Chemotherapy ุงู ู ุง ุจุนุฏ ุงู adjuvant chemotherapy
ุจุณ ููุชุจู ุงูู ู ู ูู ูุฒูุฏ ุฎุทุฑ ุงู cardiac toxicity ุงุฐุง ุงูุทูุชู ู ุน ูุธุงู ุนูุงุฌู ูุญุชูู anthracycline
๐ซ Neratinib โ TKI of EGFR, HER2, and HER4
ุงูุทูู ู ุน Adjuvant therapy ููู ุจุนุฏ ุงูู ุงู ุงู Trastuzumab
๐ซ Ado-trastuzumab emtansine (TDM1) โ
ููุทูู ููู ุฑุฃุฉ ุงูู ู ุงุฎุฐู neoadjuvant ูุจู ุงูุนู ููุฉ ุงูุฌุฑุงุญูุฉ ูุจุนุฏ ุงูุนู ููุฉ ุจูุช ุจูุงูุง ู ู ูุฐุง ุงููุงูุณุฑ ููุทูู ฺฉ adjuvant therapy
โญ Endocrine therapy
ูุนุชู ุฏ ุนูู menopause state ูู ุงุฎุชูุงุฑ ุงูุนูุงุฌ
๐ซ Tamoxifen โ premenoposal women
ููุทูู ุจุนุฏ ุงูู ุงู ุงูู chemotherapy ูู ุฏุฉ 5 ุงูู 10 ุณููุงุช
๐ซ Combination of LHRH (goserelin, triptorelin, and Leuprolide) + AI โ recommended in premenoposal women
ูุฐุง ุงูู ูุถู
ูุงู ููุงู ุจูู ู ุดุงูู ุงู Tamoxifen
ูููุ ุงุฐุง ุงูู ุฑุฃุฉ ู ุนุฏูุงุช ุงูุงูุชูุงุณุฉ ุนุฏูุง ููููุฉ ุงู ู ุง ุชุชุญู ู ุงูุงุซุงุฑ ุงูุฌุงูุจูุฉ ููุฐุง ุงู combination ู ูุณุชุฎุฏู Tamoxifen
๐ซ AI (anastrozole, letrozole and exemestane) โ Postmenopoasal women
#Breast_Cancer
โค10
Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC) stage IV
ุจุฏุงูุฉ ุงุฐุง ุงููุงูุณุฑ ู ูุชุดุฑ ููุงุตู ูู bone ู ูู ุฌุฏุง ุงูู ููุทู
Modifying agent (Pamidronate, Zoledronic acid, or Denosumab)
ุญุชู ูููู ู ู ุงููุณูุฑ ูุขูุงู ุงูุนุธุงู ุงู ุงูุนู ูุฏ ุงูููุฑู ููุงู ุงูุญุจุดููุงุช
โญ Biologic Therapy
โญ Endocrine Therapy
โญ Chemotherapy
โญ Immunotherapy
โญ Radiation therapy
#Breast_Cancer
ุจุฏุงูุฉ ุงุฐุง ุงููุงูุณุฑ ู ูุชุดุฑ ููุงุตู ูู bone ู ูู ุฌุฏุง ุงูู ููุทู
Modifying agent (Pamidronate, Zoledronic acid, or Denosumab)
ุญุชู ูููู ู ู ุงููุณูุฑ ูุขูุงู ุงูุนุธุงู ุงู ุงูุนู ูุฏ ุงูููุฑู ููุงู ุงูุญุจุดููุงุช
โญ Biologic Therapy
๐ซ CDK inhibitor
Abemaciclib, Palbociclib, and ribociclib โ inhibit CDK 4, CDK6, Approved for MBC
๐ซ mTOR inhibitor
Everolimus
ูููู ุชูุฏู ุงููุงูุณุฑ ุงุฐุง ุงูุทูุชู ุจ combination ู ุน ูุงุญุฏ ู ู ูุฐู ุงูุงุฏููุฉ :
Exemestane, Fulvestrant, or Tamoxifen (mTOR + F, E, T)
๐ซ PI3k inhibitor
Apelisib โ approved in combination with Fulvestrant
ุจุดุฑูุท :
๐ซ Postmenopausal women and men
๐ซ Hormone receptor positive
๐ซ HER2 negative
๐ซ PI3K mutated
๐ซ Advanced or MBC
ุงูุทูู ุจุนุฏ endocrine therapy ุงุฐุง ูุดู ูุจูู ุงูู ุฑุถ ูุชูุฏู
๐ซ PARP inhibitor
Olaparib, Talazoparib โ improve progression free survival PFS in appropriate patients
๐ซ HER2 targeted agent
Trastuzumab, pertuzumab, Ado-trastuzumab emtansine, famtrastuzumab, deruxtecan, margetuximab, Lapatinib, Neratinib, and Tucatinib
๐ต Pertuzumab-trastuzumab and Taxane โ first line in patients with HER2 over expression MBC
ุจุดุฑุท ุงูู ุงูู ุฑูุถุฉ ุณุงุจูุง ู ุง ู ุณุชุฎุฏู ุฉ pertuzumab ูู ุงูู ุฑุงุญู ุงูุฃูููุฉ ุณูุงุก adjuvant ุงู neoadjuvant
๐ต Ado-trastuzumab emtansine โ second line
ุงุฐุง ูุดู ุงูุฎุท ุงูุงูู ุงู ุงูู ุฑูุถุฉ ู ุง ูุฏุฑุช ุชุชุญู ู ุขุซุงุฑู ุงูุฌุงูุจูุฉ ููุฌุฃ ุงูู ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู ูุฐุง ุงูุนูุงุฌ
โญ Endocrine Therapy
ุงุฐุง ุฌุงูุช ุญุงูุฉ MBC ู ู ููุน hormone positive ู ู ุน ุงู targeted therapy ูุงุฒู ุงุถูู ุงูู endocrine therapy ูุฎุท ุนูุงุฌู ุงูู
ูููุณ ุงูุดู ุงุฎุชูุงุฑ ุงูู endocrine therapy ูุนุชู ุฏ ุนูู menopause state ุจุงูุงุถุงูุฉ ุงูู ุงูุงุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ ููุนูุงุฌุงุช ุงูุณุงุจูุฉ ู ูุชุฑุฉ ุงูุงุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ
ุงูุถุง ูุนุชู ุฏ ุนูู
Mechanism of action, toxicity and pt preference
AI, Tamoxifen, Toremifen, and Fulvestrant โ Preferred initial agent in MBC
ุจ ุงุณุชุซูุงุกุ ุงุฐุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏู ูุง ู adjuvant ู ุจุนุฏ ุงูู Adjuvant ุฑุฌุน ุงููุงูุณุฑ ุฎูุงู ุณูุฉ ูุงุญุฏุฉ ุงู ุงููุ ูู ุง ุงุฑุฌุน ุงุณุชุฎุฏู ูู ููุณูู
๐ต Fulvestrant im โ approved for 2nd line therapy for Postmenopausal women with Hormone receptor positive tumor
ู ู ูู ููุญุฏู ุงู ู ุน targeted therapy
๐ต LHRH agonists (goserelin, Triptorelin, and Leuprolide) โ reversible alternative to oophorectomy in premenopausal women
โญ Chemotherapy
ูุนุชุจุฑู ูู ุงูู initial agent ูู ุงููุณุงุก ุงูู ุชููู :
๐ซ Hormone receptor negative tumors
๐ซ Triple negative tumors
๐ซ After failure of endocrine/targeted therapy
ูุงุฎุชูุงุฑ ุงู chemotherapy ูุนุชู ุฏ ุนูู ุนุฏุฉ ุนูุงู ู ู ููุง:
-overall efficacy
-the risk of toxicity
-performance status
-presence of comorbidities in the patient
-aggressiveness of disease
-patient preferences related to chemotherapy schedules
-dosing route
-frequency
ู ู ูู ุงูู chemotherapy ุงูุทููู ุณููู
ุงู ุจุทุฑููุฉ ู ุชุชุงุจุนุฉ sequential ููู ุงูู ูุถูุฉ
๐ซ Anthracyclines and Taxane โ first line therapy for MBC
ุจุดุฑุท ูุฌูุฏ ุงูุดุฑูุท ุงูุซูุงุซุฉ ุงุนูุงู๐ซ
ู ุนุฏูุงุช ุงูุงุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ 50%
ูุฑุงูุง ู ู ูู ุงูุทู Single agent ู ุซูุง:
๐ซ Capecitabine, Vinorelbine, and gemcitabine
ู ุนุฏูุงุช ุงูุงุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ 20-25%
โญ Immunotherapy
๐ซ Pembrolizumab โ mAB against PD1
ุงูุทูู ุจ Combination ู ุน:
Albumin bound Paclitaxel or
paclitaxel or
Carboplatin + Gemcitabine
๐ซ Atezolizumab โ mAB against PDL1
ุงูุทูู ุจ Combination ู ุน
Albumin bound Paclitaxel
โญ Radiation therapy
ูุณุชุฎุฏู ุงูุนูุงุฌ ุจุงูุฃุดุนุงุน ูุนูุงุฌ ุงูู๏ปฟ
Painful bone metastases
ุงู ุงุฐุง ู ูุชุดุฑ ูู ูุงูุน ุซุงููุฉ ุบูุฑ ุงูุนุธุงู ู ุซูุง
brain, spinal cord, eye, and orbital lesions
ุงูุงูู ูู ูู ุญูุงูู 90% ู ู ุงูู ุฑุถู ุงูู ุนุฏูู painful bone metastases ูุนุงูุฌูุงูู ุจ Radiation
#Breast_Cancer
โค12
Forwarded from Pharmacy Topics (Qabas Hashim)
images.pdf
1.3 MB
ุนูุงุฌูุงุช
MCQ
Lymphoma
Adrenal gland
Introduction of cancer chemotherapy Lymphoma
Brest cancer
Prostat cancer
MCQ
Lymphoma
Adrenal gland
Introduction of cancer chemotherapy Lymphoma
Brest cancer
Prostat cancer
โค7๐1
Treatment of Prostate cancer
โญ Pharmacological Therapy
๐ต LHRH agonist
๐ต LHRH antagonist
๐ต Antiandrogen
๐ต Combined androgen blockade
๐ต Alternative drug therapy
๐ต Chemotherapy
๐ต Immunotherapy
๐ต Targeted Therapy
๐ต Nuclear Therapy
#Prostate_Cancer
Initial treatment for advanced prostate cancer is Androgen ablation โ by orchiectomy or LHRH agonist with/without antiandrogens๏ปฟ
Orchiectomy โ is the preferred initial treatment of prostate cancer in pt with impending spinal cord compression or ureteral obstruction
Radical prostatectomy and radiation โ may curative, but associated with complications
โญ Pharmacological Therapy
๐ต LHRH agonist
Reversible method of androgen ablation = orchiectomy
Leuprolide acetate in different form
Goserelin acetate implant
ู ู ุฎูุงู Leuprolide
ู ุณุชูู ุงู testosteron ููุตู ูู castrate level ุฎูุงู 28 ููู
โญ Adverse effect: disease flare up in first week(increase bone pain and urinary symptoms) , hot flash, erectile impotence, decreased libido and injection site reaction
ุญุชู ูููู ู ู ุงู disease flare upุ ููุจู ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู ูุฐู ุงูุงุฏููุฉ ุจ 2-4 ุงุณุงุจูุน ุงูุทู
Antiandrogen โ Flutamide, Bicalutamide and Nilutamide
ู ูู ุฌุฏุง ุงูู ูุนุทู Ca+D3 ูู ูู ูุงุช ุบุฐุงุฆูุฉุ ูุงู ูุงู ุงูุงุฏููุฉ ุฑุญ ุชููู ุงูุชุณุชูุณุชูุฑูู ููุฐุง ุงููุฑู ูู ู ูู ููุนุธุงู
ุงู ุญุชู ู ู ูู ููุทู
Anti resorptive agent โ Alendronate, Zoledronic acid and Denosumab
๐ต LHRH antagonist
Degarelix and Relugolix
ูุงู ุงูุฃุฏููุฉ ุชููู ู ุณุชููุงุช ุงูุชุณุชูุณุชูุฑูู ุงูู castrate level ุฎูุงู ูุชุฑุฉ ูุตูุฑุฉ 7 ุงูุงู ุงู ุงูู
ู ุงูุญูู ุจููุง ู ุง ุชุณูู Disease flare up
Degarelix โ S.C injection every 28 day
ูุญุชุงุฌ ุงูู ููุทู ููุงู ู ูู ูุงุช ุบุฐุงุฆูุฉ ุชุญุชูู Ca+D3 ูุงู ู ู ูู ุชุณุจุจ OP
Relugolix โ oral agent daily
ููุฐุง ุตุนุจ ู ู ูุงุญูุฉ ุงูุงูุชุฒุงู ุงูู adherence
โญ Adverse effect: hot flashes, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, Qt prolongation
๐ต Antiandrogen
๐ซ 1st generation: Flutamide, Bicalutamide and Nilutamide
ุบูุฑ ู ูุตู ุจููุง ู monotherapy
Indicated for advanced Prostate cancer only combined with LHRH agonists (Flutamide and Bicalutamide) or with orchiectomy (Nilutamide)
ุงูุฌูู ุงูุฃูู ูุณุจุจ:
Gynecomastia, hot flashes, decreased libido and breast tenderness
๐ซ 2nd generation: Apalutamide, Enzalutamide and Darolutamide
ใฝ๏ธ Enzalutamide โ may used first line
ุญุชู ูุณูู ุชุฃุฎูุฑ delay ุงูุจุฏุก ุจ chemotherapy ูู :
Pt with non metastatic CRPC
Pt with metastatic CRPC
Pt with metastatic naรฏve CRPC
ใฝ๏ธ Darlutamide โ non metastatic CRPC
ุงูุฌูู ุงูุซุงูู ู ู ูู ูุณุจุจ:
Seizures
๐ต Combined androgen blockade
ู ูุถู ุญุชู ูุณูู completely eliminate androgen actionุ ูุงู ุงููุงูุณุฑ ู ู ูู ูุฑุฌุน ุฎูุงู 2-4 ุณููุงุช ุจุนุฏ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู ุงูู
LHRH agonists/antagonists
๐ต Alternative drug therapy
If radical prostatectomy is failed โ alternative is Radiotherapy
If radiation therapy or radical prostatectomy are failed โ alternative is androgen ablation therapy (LHRH agonists/antagonists)
ใฝ๏ธ Abiraterone โ androgen synthesis inhibitor targets CYP17ฮฑ1
Indicated in:
Pt with metastatic CRPC
Pt with metastatic naรฏve CRPC
ู ู ูู ูุณุจุจ hypoadrenalism ูุชุตูุฑ ู ุดุงูู ู ุซู
Hypertension, Hypokalemia, Edema
ููุงุฒู ุงูุทู ููุงู prednisone ุญุชู ูุนูุถ ููุต ุงู cortisol
๐ต Chemotherapy
Docetaxel (with prednisone) โ improve survival in CRPC
ูุณุจุจ Alopecia, myelosuppression
Cabazitaxel (with prednisone) โ improve progression free and overall survival
ูู ุงูู ุฑูุถ ุงูู ุณุงุจูุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏู
Docetaxel (with prednisone)
๐ต Immunotherapy
ใฝ๏ธ Sipuleucel-T โ approved for asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic CRPC
ใฝ๏ธ Pembrolizumab โ inhibits signals
ูุชุณุจุจ ุชูุนูู ููุฎูุงูุง ุงูุชุงุฆูุฉ T cell senescence ู ุชุนู ู ุนูู ุฒูุงุฏุฉ ุงููุดุงุท ุงูู ูุงุนู ุชุฌุงู ุงูุฎูุงูุง ุงูุณุฑุทุงููุฉ
ูุณุจุจ immune adverse reaction
๐ต Targeted Therapy
ใฝ๏ธ PARP inhibitors โ olaprib and Rucaparib
Indicated in:
Pt with metastatic CRPC
ูุณุชุฎุฏู ูุง ูู ุญุงูุฉ ูุฌูุฏ ุทูุฑุงุช ุฌูููุฉ
(ุงูุฌููุงุช ุงูู ุณุคููุฉ ุนู homologous recombination ู ุซูุง ุงูู BRCA1, BRCA2)
๐ต Nuclear Therapy
ใฝ๏ธ Radium-223 โ ฮฑ emitter
ู ู ูู ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู ู ู
1st, 2nd, 3rd line in Pt with metastatic CRPC with symptomatic primary bone metastases
ุบูุฑ ู ูุตู ุจูู ู ุน:
Abiraterone, 2nd gen. Antiandrogen, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy
ุขุซุงุฑู ุงูุฌุงูุจูุฉ ุชุชุถู ู:
N/V/D, peripheral edema, bone marrow suppression
#Prostate_Cancer
โค15
๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ก ๐ฆ๐ง๐จ๐๐ฌ
Alzheimer Disease.pdf
ุฎุงู ูู
ูุฌู ุงูุณูุฉ
ูุฐูู ููุณ ุงุนุฑุงุถ ุงูุฒูุงูู ุฑ ุจุณ ุจููู ุงุช ุฎุงุตุฉ
Apraxia
ุจู ุนูู ุงูู ุงูู ุฑูุถ ู ุง ุฑุญ ููุฏุฑ ูุฃุฏู ู ูุงู ู
ุงู ู ููุฏุฑ ูุงูู ูุบูุฑูุง
Anomia
ูู ููุณ ู ุนูู ูุณูุงู ุงูุฃู ุงูู ูุงูุงุณู ุงุก
Amnesia
ููุฏุงู ุฐุงูุฑุฉ
Agnosia
ู ุง ูุชุนุฑู ุนูู ุฃูุงุฑุจู ุงู ุงูุฑุงุฏ ุงูุนุงุฆูุฉ
Aphasia
ุชูุนุซู ุงู ููุงู ุบูุฑ ู ูููู
ู ูุฌูุฏุงุช ูููู ุจุณ ู ู ุจูุงู ุงูููู ุงุช
ุฎุงู ูุฌู ุญูุธููู ูุฌู
#alzheimer
ูุฐูู ููุณ ุงุนุฑุงุถ ุงูุฒูุงูู ุฑ ุจุณ ุจููู ุงุช ุฎุงุตุฉ
Apraxia
ุจู ุนูู ุงูู ุงูู ุฑูุถ ู ุง ุฑุญ ููุฏุฑ ูุฃุฏู ู ูุงู ู
ุงู ู ููุฏุฑ ูุงูู ูุบูุฑูุง
Anomia
ูู ููุณ ู ุนูู ูุณูุงู ุงูุฃู ุงูู ูุงูุงุณู ุงุก
Amnesia
ููุฏุงู ุฐุงูุฑุฉ
Agnosia
ู ุง ูุชุนุฑู ุนูู ุฃูุงุฑุจู ุงู ุงูุฑุงุฏ ุงูุนุงุฆูุฉ
Aphasia
ุชูุนุซู ุงู ููุงู ุบูุฑ ู ูููู
ู ูุฌูุฏุงุช ูููู ุจุณ ู ู ุจูุงู ุงูููู ุงุช
ุฎุงู ูุฌู ุญูุธููู ูุฌู
#alzheimer
โค32๐1๐ฏ1
โญ Non pharmacological Therapy only for mild symptoms
โญ Pharmacological Therapy MHT
๐ซ Oral estrogen
๐ซNon oral estrogens
๐ซ Progestogens
๐ซ Compounded bioidentical hormone therapy CBHT
โญ Estrogen alternative for treatment of Hot Flashes
โญ Androgen
#HRT
ใฝ๏ธ Mild vasomotor(hot flashes and night sweats) and/or Vaginal dryness
ุชูููู ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงูุบุฑูุฉุ ุชูููู ุชูุงูู ุงููุงูููู ุุงูุฃุทุนู ุฉ ุงูุญุงุฑุฉ spicy ูุงูู ุดุฑูุจุงุช ุงูุณุงุฎูุฉ ุ ุงูุฅููุงุน ุนู ุงูุชุฏุฎููุ ู ู ุงุฑุณุฉ ุงูุชู ุงุฑูู ุงูุฑูุงุถูุฉ ูุงุชุจุงุน ูุธุงู ุบุฐุงุฆู ุตุญู
ใฝ๏ธ Mild Vulvovaginal symptoms (vaginal dryness, dyspareunia)
ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู nonhormonal lubricants and moisturizers ู ูุงุฏ ู ุฑุทุจุฉ
โญ Pharmacological Therapy MHT
Most effective treatment for moderate and severe vasomotor symptoms, impaired sleep quality, and Vulvovaginal symptoms
๐ซ Urogenital symptoms such as vaginal dryness and dyspareunia only in menopausal women
ูุจู ูุง ูููุฑ ุจุงุนุทุงุก ุงูู oral therapy ููุทู:
Intravaginal estrogen cream, Intravaginal tablet, or ring
๐ซ ููุฐุง ุงู Intravaginal estrogen ุงูุซุฑ ูุนุงููุฉ ู ู oral
ูุงูู systemic absorption
ููุทูู ููุท ุงุฐุง ุฌุงูุช ุงูุงุนุฑุงุถ Urogenital symptoms
๐ซ ุจุงูุงุถุงูุฉ ุงูู Intravaginal estrogen :
Decreased risk of urinary infections and improve urge incontinence and overactive bladder
ูุฐุง ุงู vaginal estrogen ูููู ุจุฌุฑุน ููููุฉ ูู ู ุดุฑุท ููุทู ููุงู progesterone
ุงุฐุง ููุณ ุงูุฃุนุฑุงุถ ู ูุฌูุฏุฉ ุจุณ ุงูู ุฑุฃุฉ ู ุง ุชุฑูุฏ ูุฐุง ุงู local therapy ูุนูู ู ุง ุชุฑูุฏ Intravaginal estrogen ุุชุฑูุฏ oral therapy ูููุง ูุฎุชุงุฑ
Ospemifene (serm)
ุงููุณุงุก ุงูู ู ุณููุงุช ุนู ููุฉ ุงุณุชุฆุตุงู ููุฑุญู hysterectomy ุ ููุชูู ููุท ุจ estrogen therapy
ู ุง ูุญุชุงุฌ ุงูุทู ููุงู progesteron
ุงููุณุงุก ุงูู ุนุฏูู ุงูุฑุญู ู ูุฌูุฏ ูุณููู intact uterusุ ูููุง MHT ูุงุฒู ูุชููู ู ู estrogen ู progesterone
ุงู ุงูู ููุทู ุฏูุงุก ูููู estrogen agonist/antagonist ู ุซู ุงูู Bazedoxifene
ู ุง ุงูุฏุฑ ุงูุทู estrogen ููุญุฏู ูุงู ูุณุจุจ ุฒูุงุฏุฉ ุจุฎุทุฑ ุงูุฃุตุงุจุฉ ูู ุณุฑุทุงู ุงูุฑุญู
For moderate to severe Vasomotor symptoms
ููุง ููุทู systemic therapy ุณูุงุก oral ุงู injection
๐ซ Oral estrogen
ใฝ๏ธ Conjugated equine estrogen (estrone sulfate 50-60% and equilin and 17ฮฑ dihydroequilin)๏ปฟ
ใฝ๏ธEstradiol โ endogenous estrogen
ู ู ูุนุงู ููุด ุจุณุจุจ ุงู metabolism ููุชุญูู ุงูู estrone
ใฝ๏ธ Ethinyl estradiol โ semi synthetic, equally effective when given oral or parenteral
๐ซNon oral estrogens
Transdermal, intranasal, and vaginal products
ุงูุถู ู ู oral estrogen ูุงู ุงูู ุชุนุฑุถุง ูู 1st pass metabolism
Transdermal estrogen
ุงูู ุชุณุจุจุง ูู ุฒูุงุฏุฉ ุงูู
Sex hormone binding globulin, TG, BP, C reactive protein
ููู ููู ุชููู ู ู ู ุฎุงุทุฑ ุงูู
DVT, stroke, MI
ใฝ๏ธ Femring โ achieved systemic estrogen, so indicated for moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms
ุนูุณ ุจููุฉ ุงูู vaginal ring ุงูู ุชููุฑ estrogen ููุท locally
Transdermal MHT and low dose oral estrogen therapy have lower risk of VTE and stroke compared to standard dose oral estrogen
MHT โ CI in Pt with personal history of breast cancer
ูุฒุฏุงุฏ ุงูุฎุทุฑ ุงุฐุง ุชู ุช ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุงู progesteron ุฅูู ุงู estrogen
๐ซ Progestogens
ููุญุฏู ู ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏู ู ู MHT
ููู ููุทูู ู ุน estrogen ุญุชู ููุทู protective effect ู ุซูุง ูู ุงููุณุงุก ุงูู ุนุฏูู ุงูุฑุญู ุณููู
ุงู ุงูู ูุณุชุฎุฏู ุฏูุงุก ุงู Bazedoxifene ู ุน ุงู estrogen
Medroxyprogesterone acetate, micronized progesterone, norethindrone acetate โ approved Progestogen for menopausal symptom treatment
๐ซ Compounded bioidentical hormone therapy CBHT
ูุฐุง ูุณุชุฎุฏู ู ู ู ุชููู ุงูู ุญุงุฌุฉ ูุชุฎุตูุต ุฌุฑุนุฉ ู ูุงุณุจุฉ ููู ุฑูุถุฉ ุงู ุงูู ุงูู ุฑูุถุฉ ุชุชุญุณุณ ู ู ุงูู ูุชุฌุงุช ุงูู ุชููุฑุฉ
ุงููุฑู ููุงุช ุงูู ุณุชุฎุฏู ุฉ ูู CBHT :
Estrone, estriol, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, dhea and thyroid hormone
โญ Estrogen alternative for treatment of Hot Flashes
๐ซ SSRI (paroxetine, fluoxetine, citalopram, and escitalopram)
๐ซ SNRI (venlafaxine and desvenlafaxine) โ may consider 1st line
๐ซ Clonidine
ูู ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู ู ุจุณุจุจ ุงูุฃุซุงุฑ ุงูุฌุงูุจูุฉ
๐ซ Gabapentin โ reducing the frequency and severity of vasomotor symptoms
ุฎุตูุตุง ุงูู ุนุฏูู ู ุดุงูู ุจุงูููู ู hot flashes ุงู night sweat
โญ Androgen
Testosterone โ controversial
ู ู ูู ูุญุณู ุงู sexual function
ู ู ููุน ูู ุญุงูุงุช ุงูุญู ู ุงู ุงูุฑุถุงุนุฉ
Dehydrepiandrosterone DHEA
Intravaginal dhea โ approved for treatment of moderate to severe dyspareunia
#HRT
โค11
โญ SERM
#HRT
๐ซ Tamoxifen โ may cause endometrium cancer
๐ซ Raloxifen โ approved for prevention and treatment of postmenopausal Osteoporosis and reducing the risk of invasive breast cancer
Bazedoxifene โ 3rd gen. Serm
Give with estrogen For moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms and prevention of Osteoporosis
๐ซ Ospemifene โ approved for dyspareunia from menopausal vulvar and vaginal atrophy
ู ู ูู ูุฒูุฏ ุงู risk of endometrial cancer ูุงูู ูููู partial agonist ุฎุตูุตุง ุงุฐุง ุงูุทูู ููุญุฏู ุจุฏูู progesterone
๐ซ Phytoestrogen โ black cohosh, dong quai, red clover leaf and ginseng
#HRT
โค11
๐ข Nonpharmacologic therapy for dysmenorrhea includes:
Exercise
Topical heat therapy
Acupuncture
A low-fat vegetarian diet
๐ขPharmacologic Therapy
๐นNSAIDs are the first-line treatment for dysmenorrhea โ effective in up to 80% of patients
They work by inhibiting prostaglandin production, reducing pain, uterine contractions, and menstrual blood flow
๐นCHC improve dysmenorrhea by suppressing ovulation and reducing endometrial growth, leading to decreased prostaglandin and leukotriene production
๐นProgestin-only contraceptives help treat dysmenorrhea by reducing or stopping menstruation over 6โ12 months, which decreases prostaglandin release
๏ปฟ
#MRD
Exercise
Topical heat therapy
Acupuncture
A low-fat vegetarian diet
๐ขPharmacologic Therapy
๐นNSAIDs are the first-line treatment for dysmenorrhea โ effective in up to 80% of patients
They work by inhibiting prostaglandin production, reducing pain, uterine contractions, and menstrual blood flow
๐ซCommonly used NSAIDs:
Ibuprofen
Naproxen
Aspirin is not recommended โ less potent at usual doses
ููุทู ุงูู NSAIDs ูุจู ููู ุงู ููู ูู ู ู mc ุงู ูุจู ุจุฏุงูุฉ ุงูุงูู ูุชุณุชู ุฑ ุนูููู ุงูู ุฑูุถุฉ ููู ูู ุงูู ุซูุงุซ ุงูุงู ูุญูู ุงุฎุชูุงุก ุงูุงูู
ุจุงูุนุงุฏุฉ ููุทู ุจุงูุจุฏุงูุฉ double dose ูุจุนุฏูู ูุฑุฌุน ููุทู ุงูุฌุฑุนุฉ ุงูุงุนุชูุงุฏูุฉ
A 22-year-old female presented with severe dysmenorrhea. She had a history of peptic ulcer disease with recurrent gastric bleeding. Which of the following is the most appropriate management?
a- Aspirin
b- Ibuprofen
c- Naproxen
d- Combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs)
e- High-dose NSAIDs
ูู ุญุงูุฉ ูุงู ุงู nsaids ุบูุฑ ูุนุงูุฉ ุงู ุงูู ู ุงูุน ู ู ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู ูุง ุ ุงูุจุฏูู ูู CHC
๐นCHC improve dysmenorrhea by suppressing ovulation and reducing endometrial growth, leading to decreased prostaglandin and leukotriene production
ู ู ูู ุชุณุชู ุฑ ุนูููู ุงูู ุฑูุถุฉ
2-3months
ุงู ุญุชู ู ู ูู ุชูุตู ูุชุฑุฉ ุงูุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู ุงูู 6 ุงุดูุฑ
Cyclic (28 tab) and Extended (91 tab) regimens are effective
ุงูู Continuous CHCs ูุฎูู ุงูุงูู ุงุณุฑุน ู ู ุงูู cyclic regimens
ููู ุจุงูููุงูุฉ ุจุนุฏ 6 ุงุดูุฑ ุชููู ุงููุนุงููุฉ ู ุชุณุงููุฉ
ุงุฐุง ูุงูุช ุงูุญุงูุฉ secondary dysmenorrhea ุจุณุจุจ endometriosis ุจุทุงูุฉ ุงูุฑุญู ุงูู ูุงุฌุฑุฉ ู ุงูุฎุท ุงูุงูู ูู Extended (91 tab) CHC
๐นProgestin-only contraceptives help treat dysmenorrhea by reducing or stopping menstruation over 6โ12 months, which decreases prostaglandin release
๐ซLong-acting options include:
Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA)
Etonogestrel implant
Levonorgestrel-releasing IUD
levonorgestrel-releasing IUD saw a reduction in their symptoms from 60% to 29% after 3 years of
therapy
๐บIn adolescents, the first-line treatment for dysmenorrhea is
NSAIDs
๐บ If there is no improvement after 3 menstrual cycles โ switch to combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs)
๐บIf symptoms persist after 3โ6 months of NSAIDs and CHCs โ first check treatment adherence
๐บIf adherence is confirmed and there is still no improvement โ laparoscopy is recommended for further evaluation
๐บDMPA should be used with caution in adolescents because long-term use may reduce bone mineral density (BMD), which may not be fully reversible โ so other options are preferred first-line
๏ปฟ
#MRD
โค8