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Here we have some lecture notes related to Architecture and construction of civil works.
Lec -1
👉ADMIXTURES
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Admixtures are the special ingredients added during
concrete mixing to enhance the properties and performance of fresh concrete. Various types of
admixtures are available in the market which is
used in construction work.
FUNCTION OF ADMIXTURES:
1. To accelerate or retard the setting time of fresh
concrete.
2. To improve the workability or flowability of
concrete.
3. To increase the strength and durability of concrete.
4. To reduce the heat of hydration.
5. To reduce the segregation and bleeding.
6. To decrease the permeability.
7. To achieve other desired properties.
TYPES OF ADMIXTURES:
1. ACCELERATING ADMIXTURES:
This admixture is added in concrete or mortar for
increasing the rate of hydration of hydraulic cement and for shortening the setting time. Calcium
chloride (CaCl2) is the most widely used
accelerating admixture.
2. RETARDING ADMIXTURES:
Retarding admixtures delay the initial rate of
hydration of cement and extend the setting time of
cement paste. This admixture can be used in high temperature and where the concrete has to be transported to a long distance. It is also suitable for using in grouting oil wells.
3. AIR-ENTRAINING ADMIXTURES:
Air entraining admixtures help to produce a certain
amount of air bubbles in the concrete mixture. The
main goal of this admixture is to increase the resistance against freeze-thaw degradation and cohesion. It also improves the workability of fresh concrete without changing the setting or the rate of hardening.
4. WATER REDUCING ADMIXTURES:
As the name suggest, water reducers are added to a concrete mixture, mortar or grout to increase the flow ability without increasing the water content.
Advantages Of Water Reducing Admixtures:
1. The rate of concrete placement is faster.
2. Strength, durability, density etc. are significantly improved.
3. Segregation, permeability, and cracking are reduced.
SPECIAL ADMIXTURES:
1. Superplasticizing admixtures.
2. Corrosion-inhibiting admixtures.
3. Grouting admixtures.
4. Coloring admixtures etc.
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Here we have some lecture notes related to Architecture and construction of civil works.
Lec -1
👉ADMIXTURES
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Admixtures are the special ingredients added during
concrete mixing to enhance the properties and performance of fresh concrete. Various types of
admixtures are available in the market which is
used in construction work.
FUNCTION OF ADMIXTURES:
1. To accelerate or retard the setting time of fresh
concrete.
2. To improve the workability or flowability of
concrete.
3. To increase the strength and durability of concrete.
4. To reduce the heat of hydration.
5. To reduce the segregation and bleeding.
6. To decrease the permeability.
7. To achieve other desired properties.
TYPES OF ADMIXTURES:
1. ACCELERATING ADMIXTURES:
This admixture is added in concrete or mortar for
increasing the rate of hydration of hydraulic cement and for shortening the setting time. Calcium
chloride (CaCl2) is the most widely used
accelerating admixture.
2. RETARDING ADMIXTURES:
Retarding admixtures delay the initial rate of
hydration of cement and extend the setting time of
cement paste. This admixture can be used in high temperature and where the concrete has to be transported to a long distance. It is also suitable for using in grouting oil wells.
3. AIR-ENTRAINING ADMIXTURES:
Air entraining admixtures help to produce a certain
amount of air bubbles in the concrete mixture. The
main goal of this admixture is to increase the resistance against freeze-thaw degradation and cohesion. It also improves the workability of fresh concrete without changing the setting or the rate of hardening.
4. WATER REDUCING ADMIXTURES:
As the name suggest, water reducers are added to a concrete mixture, mortar or grout to increase the flow ability without increasing the water content.
Advantages Of Water Reducing Admixtures:
1. The rate of concrete placement is faster.
2. Strength, durability, density etc. are significantly improved.
3. Segregation, permeability, and cracking are reduced.
SPECIAL ADMIXTURES:
1. Superplasticizing admixtures.
2. Corrosion-inhibiting admixtures.
3. Grouting admixtures.
4. Coloring admixtures etc.
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Lec-2
" Portland Cement "
According to ASTM standard types of portland cement are
1. Type 1 or normal portland cement
# general purpose cement
# used where there would be no severe climate change
# used where there is no severe exposure to sulphate attack from water or soil
2. Type 2 or moderate portland cement
# used in climate of moderate sulphate attack
# moderate heat of hydration
3. Type 3 or high early strength pc
# used where high early strength is desired,usually less than one weak
# when a structure must be put into service as quickly as possible
# less C2S and more C3S
4. Type 4 or low heat of hydration pc
# develops strength at a slower rate than does type 1
# intended for mass structures such as large gravity dams
5. Type 5 or sulfate resisting pc
# when high sulfate resistance is desired
# when concrete is to be exposed to severe sulfate action by soil or water
# contains less C3A
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" Portland Cement "
According to ASTM standard types of portland cement are
1. Type 1 or normal portland cement
# general purpose cement
# used where there would be no severe climate change
# used where there is no severe exposure to sulphate attack from water or soil
2. Type 2 or moderate portland cement
# used in climate of moderate sulphate attack
# moderate heat of hydration
3. Type 3 or high early strength pc
# used where high early strength is desired,usually less than one weak
# when a structure must be put into service as quickly as possible
# less C2S and more C3S
4. Type 4 or low heat of hydration pc
# develops strength at a slower rate than does type 1
# intended for mass structures such as large gravity dams
5. Type 5 or sulfate resisting pc
# when high sulfate resistance is desired
# when concrete is to be exposed to severe sulfate action by soil or water
# contains less C3A
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Lec-3
" Mortar "
Mortar is a mixture of cement, aggregate, and water. The mortar paste hardens on drying and binds the bricks, stones or concrete blocks together.
Uses of mortar:
1: Used in masonry to bind stones, bricks, and concrete block together.
2: Used for pointing the joints and to give the work a pleasing and smooth finish.
3: Bonding masonry units together, either non reinforced or reinforced.
4: Leveling or seating the units.
5: For pointing the joints of masonry.
6: For plastering the masonry to protect it from the weather and give a smooth finish.
7: In concrete, it is used to bind the particles of coarse aggregate into one solid mass.
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" Mortar "
Mortar is a mixture of cement, aggregate, and water. The mortar paste hardens on drying and binds the bricks, stones or concrete blocks together.
Uses of mortar:
1: Used in masonry to bind stones, bricks, and concrete block together.
2: Used for pointing the joints and to give the work a pleasing and smooth finish.
3: Bonding masonry units together, either non reinforced or reinforced.
4: Leveling or seating the units.
5: For pointing the joints of masonry.
6: For plastering the masonry to protect it from the weather and give a smooth finish.
7: In concrete, it is used to bind the particles of coarse aggregate into one solid mass.
Enjoy with @architecturec
Lec-4
"Soil"
👉How can you increase the bearing capacity of soil?
*The following techniques can be used for
improving bearing capacity of soil as per the site
condition.
=>Increasing depth of foundation
=>Draining the soil
=>Compacting the soil
=>Confining the soil
=>Replacing the poor soil
=>Using grouting material
=>Stabilizing the soil with chemicals
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@Architecturec
"Soil"
👉How can you increase the bearing capacity of soil?
*The following techniques can be used for
improving bearing capacity of soil as per the site
condition.
=>Increasing depth of foundation
=>Draining the soil
=>Compacting the soil
=>Confining the soil
=>Replacing the poor soil
=>Using grouting material
=>Stabilizing the soil with chemicals
join @Architecturec
@Architecturec
@Architecturec
Lec-5
👉Mat(raft) foundation
➡️Commonly two types of mat foundation are available.
✅Ribbed mat( beam and slab mat)
✅solid mat ( flat slab mat )
➡️ Ribbed mat can be described simply as an inverted solid slab subjected to bearing pressure as load.
➡️ solid mat( uniform depth mat ) can be described as a flat slab subjected to bearing pressure as load.
@Architecturec
@Architecturec
👉Mat(raft) foundation
➡️Commonly two types of mat foundation are available.
✅Ribbed mat( beam and slab mat)
✅solid mat ( flat slab mat )
➡️ Ribbed mat can be described simply as an inverted solid slab subjected to bearing pressure as load.
➡️ solid mat( uniform depth mat ) can be described as a flat slab subjected to bearing pressure as load.
@Architecturec
@Architecturec