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John Jonston (1603-1675), Historiae Naturalis de Quadrupedibus...
John Jonston (1603-1675) Historiae Naturalis de Quadrupedibus... Amsterdam: Joannem Jacobi Fil. Schipper. 1657. Folio (14 4/8 x 9 inches). Engraved allegorical title-page, 80 numbered engraved plates of animals after Matthaeus Merian the younger, Caspar Merian…
Andrew's Research Channel
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127170#page/82/mode/1up
This is the pdf of it.
Verses in The Bible Mentioning Satyrs
Isa13:21 — But wild beasts of the desert shall lie there; and their houses shall be full of doleful creatures; and owls shall dwell there, and satyrs shall dance there.
Isa34:14 — The wild beasts of the desert shall also meet with the wild beasts of the island, and the satyr shall cry to his fellow; the screech owl also shall rest there, and find for herself a place of rest.
Click here for more
Isa13:21 — But wild beasts of the desert shall lie there; and their houses shall be full of doleful creatures; and owls shall dwell there, and satyrs shall dance there.
Isa34:14 — The wild beasts of the desert shall also meet with the wild beasts of the island, and the satyr shall cry to his fellow; the screech owl also shall rest there, and find for herself a place of rest.
Click here for more
Andrew's Research Channel
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127170#page/82/mode/1up
I'm back. Going to look through this book.
Andrew's Research Channel
https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=eebo;idno=A46231.0001.001
This appears to be the english translation.
Andrew's Research Channel
Already off to a good start. This is the title.
Maybe I'm not seeing this correctly but that second centaur has his arm inside that lion.
For those of you who don't want to click links, I will provide some of the text of interest here.
CHAPTER VI. Of the Vnicorn, and of the Horned-Asses
THe name of Monoceros,* that among
the Latines sounds so much, as a one∣horned
beast, agrees to many crea∣tures;
but in a strict sense, is retained
to one alone. namely that, who from having
but one horn, bears the name of Unicorn.
In the Brachmans dialect, called Kartazonon,
whether there is, or hath been such a beast in
nature: I shall elsewhere examine, after Bac∣cius,
and Bartholinus, the great son of so great
a father. For present we shall treat hereof
briefly, as resting on the fidelity of Relators.
As for the description of the Unicorne,* he
is said to resemble in his whole body the
Horse: He is tailed like a Boor, grins and
snarls like a Lyon, headed like an Hart, foot∣ed
like an Elephant,* furnisht with one onely
horn, and that a black one, two cubits long,
standing in the midst of his fore-head.*Isidore
makes him all one with the Rhinoceros, and
saith that his horn is so sharp and strong, that
what ever he strikes at, he shatters, or peirces
it through. There was one seen in the service
of the great Cham of Tartary,* in the King∣dome
of Lambris. They are lesse then Ele∣phants,
holding their head downwards, like
a Swine, of a prickling tongue, wherewith
they get what they meet with; black eyed, and
very like the Rhinoceros. Lewis of Bar∣thema
of Bononia, writes thus of the Uni∣corns
seen by him: There are Dens on the
one side of the Temple at Mecca, wherein
are kept two Unicorns,* that are showen, as
the manner is, for a rarity.
Concerning the shape: The greater resem∣bled
a Horse-colt of thirty months old; his
horn, that he bears on his fore-head, is about
three ells in length; the other was a year old,
his horn grown to four hand breadth.
The colour of the beast, somewhat darker
then that of a Sumpter, or Pack-horse, head∣ed
like a Hart, short-necked, and thin-haired
thereabout, short-mained, and that hanging
only on one side: Small, and slender-legged,
like a Hinde: The feet a little cloven afore,
Goat-hoofed, the feet hairy on the right side.
He seems feirce, and of a nature affecting love∣linesse.
I adde not what Garzias hath out of
Hortus: They are said to be found in the
Arabian Deserts,* and to have been seen there
by Merchants; as also between the Cape of
Good-Hope, and that they call the Currentes.
Some are in the Kingdom Basma, and Lam∣bris;
some in the utmost parts of Asia, in the
Province Macinus, between the mountains of
India, and Cathay, where the Serici inhabite.
Some in the new world. The Horn is shewen
in many places; the most famous are, S. Denys
in France, Venetia, Spain, Utrecht, Helvetia,
Denmark, Hampton-Court in England,
THe name of Monoceros,* that among
the Latines sounds so much, as a one∣horned
beast, agrees to many crea∣tures;
but in a strict sense, is retained
to one alone. namely that, who from having
but one horn, bears the name of Unicorn.
In the Brachmans dialect, called Kartazonon,
whether there is, or hath been such a beast in
nature: I shall elsewhere examine, after Bac∣cius,
and Bartholinus, the great son of so great
a father. For present we shall treat hereof
briefly, as resting on the fidelity of Relators.
As for the description of the Unicorne,* he
is said to resemble in his whole body the
Horse: He is tailed like a Boor, grins and
snarls like a Lyon, headed like an Hart, foot∣ed
like an Elephant,* furnisht with one onely
horn, and that a black one, two cubits long,
standing in the midst of his fore-head.*Isidore
makes him all one with the Rhinoceros, and
saith that his horn is so sharp and strong, that
what ever he strikes at, he shatters, or peirces
it through. There was one seen in the service
of the great Cham of Tartary,* in the King∣dome
of Lambris. They are lesse then Ele∣phants,
holding their head downwards, like
a Swine, of a prickling tongue, wherewith
they get what they meet with; black eyed, and
very like the Rhinoceros. Lewis of Bar∣thema
of Bononia, writes thus of the Uni∣corns
seen by him: There are Dens on the
one side of the Temple at Mecca, wherein
are kept two Unicorns,* that are showen, as
the manner is, for a rarity.
Concerning the shape: The greater resem∣bled
a Horse-colt of thirty months old; his
horn, that he bears on his fore-head, is about
three ells in length; the other was a year old,
his horn grown to four hand breadth.
The colour of the beast, somewhat darker
then that of a Sumpter, or Pack-horse, head∣ed
like a Hart, short-necked, and thin-haired
thereabout, short-mained, and that hanging
only on one side: Small, and slender-legged,
like a Hinde: The feet a little cloven afore,
Goat-hoofed, the feet hairy on the right side.
He seems feirce, and of a nature affecting love∣linesse.
I adde not what Garzias hath out of
Hortus: They are said to be found in the
Arabian Deserts,* and to have been seen there
by Merchants; as also between the Cape of
Good-Hope, and that they call the Currentes.
Some are in the Kingdom Basma, and Lam∣bris;
some in the utmost parts of Asia, in the
Province Macinus, between the mountains of
India, and Cathay, where the Serici inhabite.
Some in the new world. The Horn is shewen
in many places; the most famous are, S. Denys
in France, Venetia, Spain, Utrecht, Helvetia,
Denmark, Hampton-Court in England,
Windsor, and the Gedansian of Empiricus.
That at S. Denys is of greatest note, being
rugged, not polished, blackish, and nearest
those Ancients describe. Writers differ about
the Unicorns horns lenth, Renodaeus makes
him as long as a mans hight, he takes it on
trust,* as we do.*Baccius,* and Marinus bring
it to six cubits: Golnitzius his measure is six
foot and an half: Bellonius makes it up full
seven foot. Nor do they agree about the
weight. Cardan saith, one hath▪️ been seen to
weigh seventeen pound, and three quarters.
Golnitzius rises it to five and twenty. I with
Bellonius should judge the horn to weigh
eighteen pound, having poysed it in my hand.
Baccius thinks the Venetian are right. Mari∣nus,
that they are longer then old ones, nor
so writhed as Aelians, and so thin, that they
cannot be drunk out of. Coloured like a
smooth Harts-horn, and pale, not black. They
are reported at the siege of Bysantium, to be
conveyed to the Venetian Common-wealth,
with twelve breast-plates of Imperial Cava∣liers.
The Spanish one hath nothing singu∣lar,
a piece whereof Phil. IV. presented
to Cardinal Francis Barbarine, an eminent
man, and most courteous to strang Gentery.
That at Utrecht is as long as that at Paris, and
reasonable great; much wreathed at top, and
then growing straiter toward the bottome.
The outside is of a sand-colour, the inside is
whither. It is held in great account, and is
shown for a right one, so that Colonia Agrip∣pina,
hath bid a great summe of gold for it.
That of the Helvetians, was found in the year
M.D.XX.* at the mouth of the River Arula,
near Brugia; white it is within, yellowish with∣out,
without writhings, two cubits long, but as
sweet as musk, especially if it be near the fire.
The Danish, one is kept in Fredericks-Burgs
Castle, above seven Roman-foot long, if we
except that part within the hollow, which Bar∣tholine
conceives to be above a foot, it is seven
fingers about, writhed all along, and sharp∣pointed
at top; the colour mixt of white, and
ash-colour, and in some of the spaces channeld,
and chamfered with black, and duskish streaks.
That of the Venetian Merchants, was brought
out of Germany, promising by the bright, and
divers colour'd shape, that it is a right one; and
the rather, because there fall pieces from it,
if you shave it, not like teeth, and shavings,
that can be crumbled; but there come thence
shavings that are clammy, and yeelding, as any
other cut hornes. I can say litle of the Ge∣danensian
one. Empiricus returning from Con∣stantinople,
not long ago, magnified it highly.
More about this beast Aelian tells us,* saying,
that among all beasts he hath the must absur'd
vile voyce; that if other beasts come to him,
he is gentle, but ever fighting with those of
his owne kind; the males do not onely quarrell,
but they also with the females, so that they kill
one other. His whole body is very strong,
but his horn invincible. He seeks deserts, and
goes ever alone wandring. At coupling-time
the male is tamer, and feeds quietly with the
female; when that time is over, and the female
begins to swell, the male returns to his former
fiercenesse, and betakes him to his wandring
lovelinesse. Men say that there were some of
their young ones brought to the Prasian-King,
and that on feast, and triumph-dayes, they
were put together to fight, to shew their
strength: for no man ever remembers that
one growen up, hath been taken. So far Aelian.
Some add,* that this beast loves young Virgins
so, that if one spreads but her lap, as he comes,
he will lay his head there, and fall in a slumber,
and is so taken. For their use, all know how
they are commended for the soverain vertue
of their horne against venome, for where
poyson is, it sweats, and drops stand on it; and
so, as some think, the right horn is knowne.
Aloysius Mundella, commends it against the
bite of a mad dog, and other mischievous
beasts, as also of worms. The ancient Indian
Kings, who first arrived at the knowledge of
this horne, made cups of it for themselves,
that drinking out of them, they might fence
That at S. Denys is of greatest note, being
rugged, not polished, blackish, and nearest
those Ancients describe. Writers differ about
the Unicorns horns lenth, Renodaeus makes
him as long as a mans hight, he takes it on
trust,* as we do.*Baccius,* and Marinus bring
it to six cubits: Golnitzius his measure is six
foot and an half: Bellonius makes it up full
seven foot. Nor do they agree about the
weight. Cardan saith, one hath▪️ been seen to
weigh seventeen pound, and three quarters.
Golnitzius rises it to five and twenty. I with
Bellonius should judge the horn to weigh
eighteen pound, having poysed it in my hand.
Baccius thinks the Venetian are right. Mari∣nus,
that they are longer then old ones, nor
so writhed as Aelians, and so thin, that they
cannot be drunk out of. Coloured like a
smooth Harts-horn, and pale, not black. They
are reported at the siege of Bysantium, to be
conveyed to the Venetian Common-wealth,
with twelve breast-plates of Imperial Cava∣liers.
The Spanish one hath nothing singu∣lar,
a piece whereof Phil. IV. presented
to Cardinal Francis Barbarine, an eminent
man, and most courteous to strang Gentery.
That at Utrecht is as long as that at Paris, and
reasonable great; much wreathed at top, and
then growing straiter toward the bottome.
The outside is of a sand-colour, the inside is
whither. It is held in great account, and is
shown for a right one, so that Colonia Agrip∣pina,
hath bid a great summe of gold for it.
That of the Helvetians, was found in the year
M.D.XX.* at the mouth of the River Arula,
near Brugia; white it is within, yellowish with∣out,
without writhings, two cubits long, but as
sweet as musk, especially if it be near the fire.
The Danish, one is kept in Fredericks-Burgs
Castle, above seven Roman-foot long, if we
except that part within the hollow, which Bar∣tholine
conceives to be above a foot, it is seven
fingers about, writhed all along, and sharp∣pointed
at top; the colour mixt of white, and
ash-colour, and in some of the spaces channeld,
and chamfered with black, and duskish streaks.
That of the Venetian Merchants, was brought
out of Germany, promising by the bright, and
divers colour'd shape, that it is a right one; and
the rather, because there fall pieces from it,
if you shave it, not like teeth, and shavings,
that can be crumbled; but there come thence
shavings that are clammy, and yeelding, as any
other cut hornes. I can say litle of the Ge∣danensian
one. Empiricus returning from Con∣stantinople,
not long ago, magnified it highly.
More about this beast Aelian tells us,* saying,
that among all beasts he hath the must absur'd
vile voyce; that if other beasts come to him,
he is gentle, but ever fighting with those of
his owne kind; the males do not onely quarrell,
but they also with the females, so that they kill
one other. His whole body is very strong,
but his horn invincible. He seeks deserts, and
goes ever alone wandring. At coupling-time
the male is tamer, and feeds quietly with the
female; when that time is over, and the female
begins to swell, the male returns to his former
fiercenesse, and betakes him to his wandring
lovelinesse. Men say that there were some of
their young ones brought to the Prasian-King,
and that on feast, and triumph-dayes, they
were put together to fight, to shew their
strength: for no man ever remembers that
one growen up, hath been taken. So far Aelian.
Some add,* that this beast loves young Virgins
so, that if one spreads but her lap, as he comes,
he will lay his head there, and fall in a slumber,
and is so taken. For their use, all know how
they are commended for the soverain vertue
of their horne against venome, for where
poyson is, it sweats, and drops stand on it; and
so, as some think, the right horn is knowne.
Aloysius Mundella, commends it against the
bite of a mad dog, and other mischievous
beasts, as also of worms. The ancient Indian
Kings, who first arrived at the knowledge of
this horne, made cups of it for themselves,
that drinking out of them, they might fence
themselves against poyson, drunkennesse,
cramp, falling sicknesse, and other malignant
diseases.* A Iew of Venice, made a circle on
a table with that horn, and cast then a Scor∣pion,
and a Spider within it, who had not the
power to passe that circle: after that they being
pluckt by it a hand high, whether by the sha∣dow
of it, or the vertue flowing from it, they
were both kill'd, within the space of an hour.
No wonder then that it is so valued,* that Ger∣man
Merchants ask'd for one of them 90000
crowns; and the Pope, setting up a kind of an
Apothecaries shop in the Vatican, gave 12000
pieces of gold to the Epidaurian Merchants,
for a piece of an Unicorns horne; of the which
Austin Ricchus the Popes then chief Physitian,
used to put now a scruple, now 10 grains in
wine, or cordiall water, and administred it with
great successe. And thus shall serve now to
have spoken of the Unicorn, we shall say more
elsewhere.* Concerning horn'd Asses, I find
them cried up in three places, namely in India,
Scythia, and Africa. Herodotus mentions the
African. Aelian saith that they hold the water
of the River Styx, and were sent in yron ves∣sels
by Alexander to Delphos, to be there de∣dicated
to Pythia.* Of the Indian ones, the
same Aelian thus: I have been informed, that
there are wild Asses, no lesse then Horses bred
among the Indians, white bodied, onely
purple-headed, and blew-eyed, and that they
bear a horn in the forehead, a cubite and half
long; the upper-part whereof is light red, the
lower white, and the middle coalblack; and
that, not all, but the principall Indians have
hang'd them as bracelets on their arms, and set
them off with gold, and have use to drink out
of the same. They report, that, who so uses
to drink out of this horn, shall be free from
incurable diseases, nor shall be ever troubled
with convulsion fits, nor ever toucht with the
falling-sicknesse, nor tainted with any poyson;
cramp, falling sicknesse, and other malignant
diseases.* A Iew of Venice, made a circle on
a table with that horn, and cast then a Scor∣pion,
and a Spider within it, who had not the
power to passe that circle: after that they being
pluckt by it a hand high, whether by the sha∣dow
of it, or the vertue flowing from it, they
were both kill'd, within the space of an hour.
No wonder then that it is so valued,* that Ger∣man
Merchants ask'd for one of them 90000
crowns; and the Pope, setting up a kind of an
Apothecaries shop in the Vatican, gave 12000
pieces of gold to the Epidaurian Merchants,
for a piece of an Unicorns horne; of the which
Austin Ricchus the Popes then chief Physitian,
used to put now a scruple, now 10 grains in
wine, or cordiall water, and administred it with
great successe. And thus shall serve now to
have spoken of the Unicorn, we shall say more
elsewhere.* Concerning horn'd Asses, I find
them cried up in three places, namely in India,
Scythia, and Africa. Herodotus mentions the
African. Aelian saith that they hold the water
of the River Styx, and were sent in yron ves∣sels
by Alexander to Delphos, to be there de∣dicated
to Pythia.* Of the Indian ones, the
same Aelian thus: I have been informed, that
there are wild Asses, no lesse then Horses bred
among the Indians, white bodied, onely
purple-headed, and blew-eyed, and that they
bear a horn in the forehead, a cubite and half
long; the upper-part whereof is light red, the
lower white, and the middle coalblack; and
that, not all, but the principall Indians have
hang'd them as bracelets on their arms, and set
them off with gold, and have use to drink out
of the same. They report, that, who so uses
to drink out of this horn, shall be free from
incurable diseases, nor shall be ever troubled
with convulsion fits, nor ever toucht with the
falling-sicknesse, nor tainted with any poyson;
nay, that if he hath drunk any venome, he shall
cast it up again,* and recover his health. And
when other Asses, all the world over, whether
tame, or wild, and all other wholehooft beasts
have, as it is said, nor ankles, nor gall in their
liver: These Indian Asses onely have ankles,
and these black, and that within, if you break
them, neither want they a gall; and that in
swiftnesse, they exceed not onely by much
other Asses, but also by far both Elephants
and Horses. And when they come first on the
way, their pace is but slow at beginning, but
then they mend it by degrees, and at length
none can overtake them. After the females
have brought forth, the sires very carefully
looke to the colts, and their haunt is in the
most desert parts of India: when the Indians
hunt them, they hold the colts feeding behind
them, and fight for them: they dare meet the
horsemen face to face, and make at them with
their hornes. So strong they are, there is no re∣sisting
of them, they make all yeeld, or what
will not. They break, or so shatter, that it
become uselesse, and is quite spoyl'd. If they
meet with horses they rend, and tear their
sides in pieces, that their very guts fall out, so
that horsemen are affraid to come near them,
knowing that the approach is the utter lamen∣table
destruction, both man and horse, they
lay finely about them with their heels. What
ever they bite, they make an utter riddance of
it. If they be once grown up, they are not to
be taken; they are kill'd with darts and arrows.
Their flesh is so bitter, it is not to be eaten.
Philostratus writes almost the same.* The figure
that we have here added, is of a wild beast∣bodied,
and eared like an Asse, armed with two
hornes, one shooting out of his nostrills, the
other about his eys; but because it is not whole∣hoof'd,
nor one-horn'd, it cannot be the In∣dian
Asse.
cast it up again,* and recover his health. And
when other Asses, all the world over, whether
tame, or wild, and all other wholehooft beasts
have, as it is said, nor ankles, nor gall in their
liver: These Indian Asses onely have ankles,
and these black, and that within, if you break
them, neither want they a gall; and that in
swiftnesse, they exceed not onely by much
other Asses, but also by far both Elephants
and Horses. And when they come first on the
way, their pace is but slow at beginning, but
then they mend it by degrees, and at length
none can overtake them. After the females
have brought forth, the sires very carefully
looke to the colts, and their haunt is in the
most desert parts of India: when the Indians
hunt them, they hold the colts feeding behind
them, and fight for them: they dare meet the
horsemen face to face, and make at them with
their hornes. So strong they are, there is no re∣sisting
of them, they make all yeeld, or what
will not. They break, or so shatter, that it
become uselesse, and is quite spoyl'd. If they
meet with horses they rend, and tear their
sides in pieces, that their very guts fall out, so
that horsemen are affraid to come near them,
knowing that the approach is the utter lamen∣table
destruction, both man and horse, they
lay finely about them with their heels. What
ever they bite, they make an utter riddance of
it. If they be once grown up, they are not to
be taken; they are kill'd with darts and arrows.
Their flesh is so bitter, it is not to be eaten.
Philostratus writes almost the same.* The figure
that we have here added, is of a wild beast∣bodied,
and eared like an Asse, armed with two
hornes, one shooting out of his nostrills, the
other about his eys; but because it is not whole∣hoof'd,
nor one-horn'd, it cannot be the In∣dian
Asse.