#7 World Englishes: Southern US English
❗️ People in the Southern United States (Texas, Louisiana, Georgia, etc.) not only have their own accent, they also have their own history.
🔘 Pronunciation: Southerners often make vowels longer and sound like two vowels; “red” may sound like reyd. But some vowels are also shortened, like “my” sounding closer to ma. Some words are also stressed differently, e.g. GUItar and POlice.
🔘 Grammar: They may skip some modal verbs, like I done it or You seen her? Some past forms are also non-standard, like knowed or choosed. Double negatives, like Ain’t got no time for this are also common.
🔘 Vocabulary: A famous southern greeting is Howdy!; for the plural “you” Southerners may use y’all; finally, ain’t is used as negative for any present form of ‘to be’ or ‘to have’.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_American_English
▶️ Check out what it sounds like:
⛓ About a Chinese cowboy with a Southern accent
👉@afandi_english👈 #world_englishes
❗️ People in the Southern United States (Texas, Louisiana, Georgia, etc.) not only have their own accent, they also have their own history.
🔘 Pronunciation: Southerners often make vowels longer and sound like two vowels; “red” may sound like reyd. But some vowels are also shortened, like “my” sounding closer to ma. Some words are also stressed differently, e.g. GUItar and POlice.
🔘 Grammar: They may skip some modal verbs, like I done it or You seen her? Some past forms are also non-standard, like knowed or choosed. Double negatives, like Ain’t got no time for this are also common.
🔘 Vocabulary: A famous southern greeting is Howdy!; for the plural “you” Southerners may use y’all; finally, ain’t is used as negative for any present form of ‘to be’ or ‘to have’.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_American_English
▶️ Check out what it sounds like:
⛓ About a Chinese cowboy with a Southern accent
👉@afandi_english👈 #world_englishes
#19 Our favourite mistakes: Pronunciation
▶️ Try pronouncing the following words:
• climate
• crisis
• dinosaur
• micro
• migrant
• psychology
• textile
• Titanic
• virus
❓What sound do these words have in common?
❗️Unlike Russian and Uzbek, they all have the vowel sounds [aɪ], as in “write”:
• climate [klaɪmət]
• crisis [kraɪsɪs]
• dinosaur [daɪnəsɔ:]
• micro [maɪkrəʊ]
• migrant [maɪgrənt]
• psychology [saɪkɒləʤɪ]
• textile [tekstaɪl]
• Titanic [taɪtænɪk]
• virus [vaɪrəs]
👉@afandi_english👈 #mistakes #pronunciation
▶️ Try pronouncing the following words:
• climate
• crisis
• dinosaur
• micro
• migrant
• psychology
• textile
• Titanic
• virus
❓What sound do these words have in common?
❗️Unlike Russian and Uzbek, they all have the vowel sounds [aɪ], as in “write”:
• climate [klaɪmət]
• crisis [kraɪsɪs]
• dinosaur [daɪnəsɔ:]
• micro [maɪkrəʊ]
• migrant [maɪgrənt]
• psychology [saɪkɒləʤɪ]
• textile [tekstaɪl]
• Titanic [taɪtænɪk]
• virus [vaɪrəs]
👉@afandi_english👈 #mistakes #pronunciation
#7 Tongue twister: Witches and watches
❗️Practice your pronunciation with this tongue twister today. Keep in mind, for a tongue twister to be useful you have to practice it as many times as possible!
▶️ Which watch did which witch wear and which witch wore which watch?
❗️Pay attention to:
🔘 Consonants – Some students struggle with the difference between [v] and [w]. Make sure you pronounce [w] in this tongue twister.
🔘 Intonation – Before commas and the word “and” we usually go up ⤴️. Many people believe that we should always go up when we ask a question but we only have to do that when there is no question word. In this tongue twister there is a question word (“which”). We can go up but we don’t have to.
Which watch did which witch wear ⤴️ and which witch wore which watch?
----------
Vocab:
witch = jodigar
watch (noun) = qo’l soat
wear – wore – worn (irregular verb) = here: taqmoq
👉@afandi_english👈 #tongue_twisters
❗️Practice your pronunciation with this tongue twister today. Keep in mind, for a tongue twister to be useful you have to practice it as many times as possible!
▶️ Which watch did which witch wear and which witch wore which watch?
❗️Pay attention to:
🔘 Consonants – Some students struggle with the difference between [v] and [w]. Make sure you pronounce [w] in this tongue twister.
🔘 Intonation – Before commas and the word “and” we usually go up ⤴️. Many people believe that we should always go up when we ask a question but we only have to do that when there is no question word. In this tongue twister there is a question word (“which”). We can go up but we don’t have to.
Which watch did which witch wear ⤴️ and which witch wore which watch?
----------
Vocab:
witch = jodigar
watch (noun) = qo’l soat
wear – wore – worn (irregular verb) = here: taqmoq
👉@afandi_english👈 #tongue_twisters
Forwarded from Joho
#7 University Vocab: Undergraduates & Graduates
❗️ We know what it means to graduate (verb) – you finish your studies and so you graduate. But what does it mean when “graduate” is a noun or an adjective?
🔎 A graduate is a person who has graduated from any school or university. The word can also appear in combination, e.g. “She is a Harvard graduate” or “Nowadays, more and more school graduates enter university ”, etc.
🔎 When graduates continue their studies and get a master or doctorate degree then we speak of postgraduate studies. In some countries there are separate graduate schools for postgraduate students.
🔎 Undergraduate students, or just “undergraduates”, are bachelor students who have not yet finished their undergraduate studies. In spoken English the shortform “undergrad” is often used.
👉@afandi_english👈
❗️ We know what it means to graduate (verb) – you finish your studies and so you graduate. But what does it mean when “graduate” is a noun or an adjective?
🔎 A graduate is a person who has graduated from any school or university. The word can also appear in combination, e.g. “She is a Harvard graduate” or “Nowadays, more and more school graduates enter university ”, etc.
🔎 When graduates continue their studies and get a master or doctorate degree then we speak of postgraduate studies. In some countries there are separate graduate schools for postgraduate students.
🔎 Undergraduate students, or just “undergraduates”, are bachelor students who have not yet finished their undergraduate studies. In spoken English the shortform “undergrad” is often used.
👉@afandi_english👈
#20 Our favourite mistakes: Vocabulary
▶️ Please translate the following sentence:
Bugun Afandi o’zini yaxshi his qilyapti.
❌ Perhaps you think it is:
Today Afandi is feeling himself good.
✅ Well, it should be:
Today Afandi is feeling good.
❓Why?
❗️ Feeling in the sense of kayfiyat is an intransitive verb; there is no object oneself.
❗️ Feeling oneself means feeling one’s own body. After a terrible accident someone might be paralysed and say “I cannot feel myself”.
👉@afandi_english👈 #mistakes #vocabulary
▶️ Please translate the following sentence:
Bugun Afandi o’zini yaxshi his qilyapti.
❌ Perhaps you think it is:
Today Afandi is feeling himself good.
✅ Well, it should be:
❗️ Feeling in the sense of kayfiyat is an intransitive verb; there is no object oneself.
❗️ Feeling oneself means feeling one’s own body. After a terrible accident someone might be paralysed and say “I cannot feel myself”.
👉@afandi_english👈 #mistakes #vocabulary
#6 YouTube Channel Recommendation: CNBC International
⛓ Link: www.youtube.com/user/CNBCInternational
📊 English Level: Upper
🔤 Subtitles: Available
💬 Topics: News, sports, business, travel, technology
💡 Content: CNBC International has some very good videos to explain topics in international news that you hear about all the time but may not have a deep understanding of. Check out their series “CNBC Explains”.
👉@afandi_english👈 #youtube
⛓ Link: www.youtube.com/user/CNBCInternational
📊 English Level: Upper
🔤 Subtitles: Available
💬 Topics: News, sports, business, travel, technology
💡 Content: CNBC International has some very good videos to explain topics in international news that you hear about all the time but may not have a deep understanding of. Check out their series “CNBC Explains”.
👉@afandi_english👈 #youtube
#6 Spot Afandi and his donkey: Afandi on the market
❓ Can you spot Afandi and his donkey in this picture?
❗️If you can, follow the instructions in #1 (see pinned message) and win 5,000 Paynet-soums!
👉@afandi_english👈 #spot_afandi
❓ Can you spot Afandi and his donkey in this picture?
❗️If you can, follow the instructions in #1 (see pinned message) and win 5,000 Paynet-soums!
👉@afandi_english👈 #spot_afandi
#7 Learn how to learn: Take notes!
❓Note-taking is an essential skill for language learning and more. Why is that?
1️⃣ When you take notes your brain is 100% active. That must be a good thing!
2️⃣ You realise what exactly you understand and don’t understand.
3️⃣ Notes help you develop thoughts and ideas and bring them in the right order.
4️⃣ Good notes let you write good essays.
5️⃣ You choose what you write, it’s your decision. That’s how you learn to ask yourself and listen to yourself and become an independent learner.
❗️Take more notes. By hand or on your phone, during class, after class, while watching videos, during exams, while reading, … … …
👉@afandi_english👈 #learn2learn
❓Note-taking is an essential skill for language learning and more. Why is that?
1️⃣ When you take notes your brain is 100% active. That must be a good thing!
2️⃣ You realise what exactly you understand and don’t understand.
3️⃣ Notes help you develop thoughts and ideas and bring them in the right order.
4️⃣ Good notes let you write good essays.
5️⃣ You choose what you write, it’s your decision. That’s how you learn to ask yourself and listen to yourself and become an independent learner.
❗️Take more notes. By hand or on your phone, during class, after class, while watching videos, during exams, while reading, … … …
👉@afandi_english👈 #learn2learn
#21 Our favourite mistakes: Grammar
▶️ Please translate the following sentences:
1️⃣ Afandi eshagini qayerdan oldi?
2️⃣ Afandi nimaga bunchalik aqilli?
3️⃣ Afandi yana qachon berkinadi?
❌ Perhaps you think it is:
1️⃣ Where Afandi got his donkey
2️⃣ Why Afandi so clever
3️⃣ When Afandi hide again
✅ Well, it should be:
1️⃣ Where did Afandi get his donkey ?
2️⃣ Why is Afandi so clever ?
3️⃣ When will Afandi hide again ?
❗️ There should be a verb or auxiliary after the WH-question word.
❗️ Questions must have a question mark. Always.
❗️ In 2️⃣ there must be ‘to be’.
👉@afandi_english👈 #mistakes #grammar
▶️ Please translate the following sentences:
1️⃣ Afandi eshagini qayerdan oldi?
2️⃣ Afandi nimaga bunchalik aqilli?
3️⃣ Afandi yana qachon berkinadi?
❌ Perhaps you think it is:
1️⃣ Where Afandi got his donkey
2️⃣ Why Afandi so clever
3️⃣ When Afandi hide again
✅ Well, it should be:
1️⃣ Where did Afandi get his donkey ?
2️⃣ Why is Afandi so clever ?
3️⃣ When will Afandi hide again ?
❗️ There should be a verb or auxiliary after the WH-question word.
❗️ Questions must have a question mark. Always.
❗️ In 2️⃣ there must be ‘to be’.
👉@afandi_english👈 #mistakes #grammar
#5 It’s a strange world: OK!
❓ I’m the most recognised word on the planet. Billions of people use me every day without even thinking about me. What am I? – I’m the little word “OK”!
❗️Why do we actually say “OK” all the time? What does it actually mean? And where does this word actually come from? The story of “OK” is an interesting one!
⛓https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OK
▶️Here’s a YouTube video about OK: www.youtube.com/watch?v=1UnIDL-eHOs
👉@afandi_english👈 #strange_world #culture
❓ I’m the most recognised word on the planet. Billions of people use me every day without even thinking about me. What am I? – I’m the little word “OK”!
❗️Why do we actually say “OK” all the time? What does it actually mean? And where does this word actually come from? The story of “OK” is an interesting one!
⛓https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OK
▶️Here’s a YouTube video about OK: www.youtube.com/watch?v=1UnIDL-eHOs
👉@afandi_english👈 #strange_world #culture
#8 World Englishes: West African Pidgin English
❗️ About 75 million people in West Africa speak Pidgin – a mixed language that is made up of English and local African languages. It is mainly spoken in Africa’s most populous country Nigeria but also in Ghana and Cameroon. Pidgin is so big now that the BBC even started a Pidgin news service.
🔘 Pronunciation: The English [th] sounds are changed to [d] and [t], “this thing” is pronounced like dis ting; the letter “a” is often pronounced as a straight [a] or [e] rather than [ə] or [eɪ], e.g. “Africa” is [afrika] and not [æfrɪkə]; like in Black American English “ask” is pronounced [aks].
🔘 Grammar: Dey is a present tense marker, e.g. “I go” becomes A dey go; the English auxiliary "have" is don.
🔘 Vocabulary: “eat” and “food” are both chop; the question tag “…, isn’t it?” is abi?; "you guys" is una.
▶️Check out what it sounds like:
⛓ About the BBC in Pidgin
⛓ About an English lady speaking Pidgin
👉@afandi_english👈 #world_englishes
❗️ About 75 million people in West Africa speak Pidgin – a mixed language that is made up of English and local African languages. It is mainly spoken in Africa’s most populous country Nigeria but also in Ghana and Cameroon. Pidgin is so big now that the BBC even started a Pidgin news service.
🔘 Pronunciation: The English [th] sounds are changed to [d] and [t], “this thing” is pronounced like dis ting; the letter “a” is often pronounced as a straight [a] or [e] rather than [ə] or [eɪ], e.g. “Africa” is [afrika] and not [æfrɪkə]; like in Black American English “ask” is pronounced [aks].
🔘 Grammar: Dey is a present tense marker, e.g. “I go” becomes A dey go; the English auxiliary "have" is don.
🔘 Vocabulary: “eat” and “food” are both chop; the question tag “…, isn’t it?” is abi?; "you guys" is una.
▶️Check out what it sounds like:
⛓ About the BBC in Pidgin
⛓ About an English lady speaking Pidgin
👉@afandi_english👈 #world_englishes
#22 Our favourite mistakes: Pronunciation
▶️ Try pronouncing the following words:
• Argentina
• Egypt
• gesture
• legend
• Nigeria
• register
• strategy
• tragic
❓What sound do these words have in common?
❗️Unlike in Russian and Uzbek, the letter “g” is pronounced [ʤ], as in “gym”:
• Argentina [a:ʤən’ti:nə]
• Egypt [‘i:ʤɪpt]
• gesture [‘ʤesʧə]
• legend [‘leʤənd]
• Nigeria [naɪ’ʤi:rɪə]
• register [‘reʤɪstə]
• strategy [‘strætəʤɪ]
• tragic [‘træʤɪk]
👉@afandi_english👈 #mistakes #pronunciation
▶️ Try pronouncing the following words:
• Argentina
• Egypt
• gesture
• legend
• Nigeria
• register
• strategy
• tragic
❓What sound do these words have in common?
❗️Unlike in Russian and Uzbek, the letter “g” is pronounced [ʤ], as in “gym”:
• Argentina [a:ʤən’ti:nə]
• Egypt [‘i:ʤɪpt]
• gesture [‘ʤesʧə]
• legend [‘leʤənd]
• Nigeria [naɪ’ʤi:rɪə]
• register [‘reʤɪstə]
• strategy [‘strætəʤɪ]
• tragic [‘træʤɪk]
👉@afandi_english👈 #mistakes #pronunciation
#1 Go out and teach! Studying vs acquiring
🆕 As you follow this channel your English is probably not bad and maybe some people around you have asked you to teach them. Or you already know that teaching is a great way to learn? Or you’re a teacher already? This series of posts will give you some inspiration.
🔎 Studying is learning something in a controlled process. Your students sit down for some time, read something or listen to you. This is good for their knowledge but may not improve their skills.
🔎 Acquiring is when your students learn language by just “picking it up”. They don’t do exercises but learn to use the language naturally in a language environment you create for them. They may not feel the progress but their skills are sure to improve.
❗️Knowing the difference is important. It shows you there are different ways to teach a language. Acquiring is very efficient but we don’t trust it enough.
👉@afandi_english👈
🆕 As you follow this channel your English is probably not bad and maybe some people around you have asked you to teach them. Or you already know that teaching is a great way to learn? Or you’re a teacher already? This series of posts will give you some inspiration.
🔎 Studying is learning something in a controlled process. Your students sit down for some time, read something or listen to you. This is good for their knowledge but may not improve their skills.
🔎 Acquiring is when your students learn language by just “picking it up”. They don’t do exercises but learn to use the language naturally in a language environment you create for them. They may not feel the progress but their skills are sure to improve.
❗️Knowing the difference is important. It shows you there are different ways to teach a language. Acquiring is very efficient but we don’t trust it enough.
👉@afandi_english👈
#7 Spot Afandi and his donkey: Dream team – Afandi and Bobur!
❓ Can you spot Afandi and his donkey in this picture?
❗️If you can, follow the instructions in #1 (see pinned message) and win 5,000 Paynet-soums!
👉@afandi_english👈 #spot_afandi
❓ Can you spot Afandi and his donkey in this picture?
❗️If you can, follow the instructions in #1 (see pinned message) and win 5,000 Paynet-soums!
👉@afandi_english👈 #spot_afandi
#8 Tongue twister: Please notice
❗️Practice your pronunciation with this tongue twister today.
▶️ If you notice this notice you will notice that this notice isn’t worth noticing.
❗️Pay attention to:
🔘 Pronunciation – “notice” has two syllables and is pronounced [nəʊtɪs], not the same as “notes”.
🔘 Intonation – strong / weak: Nouns and adjectives often sound stronger because they carry more meaning than other words. Repeated words are not so strong.
If you notice (verb) this NOTICE (noun)⤴️ you will notice (repeated verb) that this notice (repeated noun) isn’t worth noticing.
🔘 Intonation – up / down: Different phrases are often marked by rising intonation. At the end of a sentence we usually go down.
If you notice this notice (end of if-clause) ⤴️ you will notice that this notice isn’t worth noticing ⤵️ (end of sentence).
----------
Vocab:
notice (verb) = anglamoq
notice (noun) = bildirishnoma, e’lon
worth doing = qilishga arziydi
👉@afandi_english👈 #tongue_twisters
❗️Practice your pronunciation with this tongue twister today.
▶️ If you notice this notice you will notice that this notice isn’t worth noticing.
❗️Pay attention to:
🔘 Pronunciation – “notice” has two syllables and is pronounced [nəʊtɪs], not the same as “notes”.
🔘 Intonation – strong / weak: Nouns and adjectives often sound stronger because they carry more meaning than other words. Repeated words are not so strong.
If you notice (verb) this NOTICE (noun)⤴️ you will notice (repeated verb) that this notice (repeated noun) isn’t worth noticing.
🔘 Intonation – up / down: Different phrases are often marked by rising intonation. At the end of a sentence we usually go down.
If you notice this notice (end of if-clause) ⤴️ you will notice that this notice isn’t worth noticing ⤵️ (end of sentence).
----------
Vocab:
notice (verb) = anglamoq
notice (noun) = bildirishnoma, e’lon
worth doing = qilishga arziydi
👉@afandi_english👈 #tongue_twisters
#23 Our favourite mistakes: Vocabulary
▶️ Please translate the following sentences:
Afandi juda aqilli. Uning bakalavr va magistrlik darajalari bor.
❌ Perhaps you think it is:
Afandi is very smart. He has a backalaur and a magister degree.
✅ Well, it should be:
Afandi is very smart. He has a bachelor and a master degree. / He has a bachelor’s and a master’s.
❓Why?
❗️ Both bachelor / bakalavr and master / magistr are international but not the same in English and Russian.
❗️ There are some short forms with ’s here. If you have a bachelor’s or master’s it means that you have a bachelor or master degree. If you do a bachelor’s or master’s it means that you study in a degree programme at university.
👉@afandi_english👈 #mistakes #vocabulary
▶️ Please translate the following sentences:
Afandi juda aqilli. Uning bakalavr va magistrlik darajalari bor.
❌ Perhaps you think it is:
Afandi is very smart. He has a backalaur and a magister degree.
✅ Well, it should be:
Afandi is very smart. He has a bachelor and a master degree. / He has a bachelor’s and a master’s.
❓Why?
❗️ Both bachelor / bakalavr and master / magistr are international but not the same in English and Russian.
❗️ There are some short forms with ’s here. If you have a bachelor’s or master’s it means that you have a bachelor or master degree. If you do a bachelor’s or master’s it means that you study in a degree programme at university.
👉@afandi_english👈 #mistakes #vocabulary