A "book" used to be a scroll...
https://aetherczar.substack.com/p/ii-1732-the-parchment-codex-revolution
THE most momentous development in the history of the book until the invention of printing was the replacement of the roll by the codex; this we may define as a collection of sheets of any material, folded double and fastened together at the back or spine, and usually protected by covers
https://aetherczar.substack.com/p/ii-1732-the-parchment-codex-revolution
Substack
II 1.7.3.2 The Parchment Codex Revolution
The Birth of the Book and the Loss of the Ancient World
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Forwarded from Megatron
BREAKING: ๐ฉ๐ช Diesel in Germany has exploded to โฌ2.80 a liter, about $12 a gallon
@Megatron_ron
@Megatron_ron
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Forwarded from /pol/ 4chan
Forwarded from /CIG/ Telegram | Counter Intelligence Global (FRANCISCVS)
Mesopotamia. Rome. The Viking Age. The ratio held.
In 1926, a good cow cost $22. A $20 gold coin held 0.9675 ounces of gold. Almost exactly one ounce per cow.
Today, a young productive beef cow sells for $4,000 to $5,000 at auction. Gold sits around $4,300 an ounce.
Gold has survived empires, currencies, wars, inflation, and economic collapses. Cattle have remained a valuable productive asset for thousands of years.
So what happens if gold reaches $5,000, $6,000, or even higher? What could a cow be worth?
The ratio has held for five millennia.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?is=Jnu_3EDeOMBxRiTT&v=ppaiuqDqSjM
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YouTube
1 OZ Gold = 1 Cow for Thousands of Yearsโฆ What Happens Next?
For thousands of years, two things have represented real wealth: gold and cattle.
In this video, we take a fascinating look at the historical relationship between 1 ounce of gold and the value of a cowโfrom ancient Mesopotamia and the Roman Empire, throughโฆ
In this video, we take a fascinating look at the historical relationship between 1 ounce of gold and the value of a cowโfrom ancient Mesopotamia and the Roman Empire, throughโฆ
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Forwarded from Midnight Rider Channel ๐บ๐ธ (Karli Bonne)
Media is too big
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BREAKING: Charlie Kirk's family has filed multiple notices of claim against the state of Utah, Utah Valley University, and other officials, alleging that a number of security failures directly led to the conservative activist's assassination one year ago.
The Kirk's family lawyer says his murder was entirely preventable and "would not have happened had the State of Utah and UVU followed through on their stated security promises, which included protecting the rooftops surrounding the quad where Charlie was speaking." | @foxandfriends
The Kirk's family lawyer says his murder was entirely preventable and "would not have happened had the State of Utah and UVU followed through on their stated security promises, which included protecting the rooftops surrounding the quad where Charlie was speaking." | @foxandfriends
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Forwarded from Z and V
๐บ๐ธ๐๐บ๐ฆ๐ดโโ ๏ธ The United States should cease all forms of support for the Zelensky regime to avoid a global crisis, Tucker Carlson stated.
He also called Zelensky an illegitimate president who acts in the interests of other countries. It is difficult to imagine how Zelensky, who seeks to destroy the population and Orthodoxy, "will avoid his terrible fate," the American journalist noted in an interview with "Vesti."
He also called Zelensky an illegitimate president who acts in the interests of other countries. It is difficult to imagine how Zelensky, who seeks to destroy the population and Orthodoxy, "will avoid his terrible fate," the American journalist noted in an interview with "Vesti."
Forwarded from The Inkless Pen
Well, you don't say? https://publichealthpolicyjournal.com/mit-study-finds-artificial-intelligence-use-reprograms-the-brain-leading-to-cognitive-decline/
Science, Public Health Policy and the Law
MIT Study Finds Artificial Intelligence Use Reprograms the Brain, Leading to Cognitive Decline - Science, Public Health Policyโฆ
By Nicolas Hulscher, MPH
Forwarded from /CIG/ Telegram | Counter Intelligence Global (Andronikos Polychronidis)
According to the WSJ The Houthi advance was aided because they were able to intercept the communications of Saudi-backed fighters, people familiar with the matter said. The Houthis have been in control of mobile communications networks in Sanโa since they seized the capital. The militants also gained access to the phones of captured Saudi-backed fighters.
The Houthi militants listened in on calls between their opponentsโ commanders, giving them insight into their plans, the people said. They were also able to speak directly to rival fighters on the ground, urging them to surrender, they said.
People on the ground said the tactics created chaos and confusion on the battlefield.
Recall that previously it was revealed by CNN that PLC units on the Mokha front were undermanned, some even as low as 20% strength, with ghost fighters in the ranks so local commanders could cash in on the salaries.
Recall that in Afghanistan, some Taliban fighters figured on the lists of the ANA as serving soldiers and they would drop in once/month to their posts to collect their U.S. taxpayer funded salary only to disappear in the wilderness and resume insurgent operations against the ANA. Taliban commanders also had access to the ANA's comms and in the lead up to the fall of Kabul convinced thousands of ANA soldiers and commanders to surrender or even defect. Similar incidents happened in Syria as well in the last days of the Syrian Civil War with SAA units disbanding or switching allegiance.
An ideologically/religiously zealous enemy will always prevail over an enemy that is simply paid to fight them.
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UnWall
UnWall | Read Full Articles Without Paywalls
Read full news articles with paywalls, consent popups, and ads removed. Paste a URL and open a clean reader instantly.
Forwarded from Science in telegram
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Forwarded from Xoaquin Flores - New Resistance
๐ข NATO nations planning 'HOT-PHASE ESCALATION WITH RUSSIA' by 2029-2030 โ Russian envoy Zhdanova
'They do not hide the fact that their modernization efforts are all aimed at a long-term MILITARY CONFRONTATION with Russia'
Subscribe @NewResistance
'They do not hide the fact that their modernization efforts are all aimed at a long-term MILITARY CONFRONTATION with Russia'
Subscribe @NewResistance
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Forwarded from /CIG/ Telegram | Counter Intelligence Global (Andronikos Polychronidis)
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Forwarded from Raymond Solar
YouTube
Medieval helpdesk with English subtitles
Helpdesk support back in the day of the middle age
with English subtitles. Original taken from the show "รystein og jeg" on Norwegian Broadcasting (NRK)in 2001. With รystein Backe (helper)and Rune Gokstad (desperate monk). Written by Knut Nรฆrum.
with English subtitles. Original taken from the show "รystein og jeg" on Norwegian Broadcasting (NRK)in 2001. With รystein Backe (helper)and Rune Gokstad (desperate monk). Written by Knut Nรฆrum.
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Forwarded from Vox Day
Auditing the AI Giants
Another suggested explanation for Anthropicโs erratic behavior of late: Anthropic desires to file an S-1, as they would like to go public. Therefore they need an audit. And by โtheyโ, I mean the VCโs who invested in them. So โtheyโ can exit their position and pass the bag to firemen, nurses, teachers and policemen. How [โฆ]
https://voxday.net/2026/09/16/auditing-the-ai-giants/
Another suggested explanation for Anthropicโs erratic behavior of late: Anthropic desires to file an S-1, as they would like to go public. Therefore they need an audit. And by โtheyโ, I mean the VCโs who invested in them. So โtheyโ can exit their position and pass the bag to firemen, nurses, teachers and policemen. How [โฆ]
https://voxday.net/2026/09/16/auditing-the-ai-giants/
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Forwarded from Doomsday Tradecraft
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Mexican cartels are increasingly using drones for surveillance and to drop drug packages, raising concerns among U.S. security officials about the technology being used along the southern border. (Reutersโ ๏ฟผ)
Earlier this year, El Pasoโs airspace was temporarily shut down after U.S. authorities said cartel-operated drones had entered U.S. airspace near the airport. The FAA reopened the airspace hours later after officials said the threat had been neutralized. (Al Jazeeraโ ๏ฟผ)
However, the circumstances remain disputed. Reporting from the Associated Press and other outlets indicated that the shutdown was connected to a PentagonโFAA dispute over the use of an experimental anti-drone laser, while the Trump administration publicly attributed the closure to a cartel drone incursion.
U.S. officials have warned that cartel drones could be used for drug drops, surveillance and other criminal activity. Reuters reported that experts had not identified a confirmed cartel drone attack on U.S. soil at the time of the El Paso incident. (Reutersโ ๏ฟผ)
The border threat is evolving โ and drones are becoming part of the cartel arsenal.
Earlier this year, El Pasoโs airspace was temporarily shut down after U.S. authorities said cartel-operated drones had entered U.S. airspace near the airport. The FAA reopened the airspace hours later after officials said the threat had been neutralized. (Al Jazeeraโ ๏ฟผ)
However, the circumstances remain disputed. Reporting from the Associated Press and other outlets indicated that the shutdown was connected to a PentagonโFAA dispute over the use of an experimental anti-drone laser, while the Trump administration publicly attributed the closure to a cartel drone incursion.
U.S. officials have warned that cartel drones could be used for drug drops, surveillance and other criminal activity. Reuters reported that experts had not identified a confirmed cartel drone attack on U.S. soil at the time of the El Paso incident. (Reutersโ ๏ฟผ)
The border threat is evolving โ and drones are becoming part of the cartel arsenal.
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Forwarded from Vox Day
The Cost of the Codex
A fascinating article on the massive amount of information that was lost as a result of the change from rolled scrolls to bound codices at Fields & Energy: The codex transformed books from narratives to be read from beginning to end into repositories to be consulted anywhere at will. For science, this shift was revolutionary: [โฆ]
https://voxday.net/2026/09/16/the-cost-of-the-codex/
A fascinating article on the massive amount of information that was lost as a result of the change from rolled scrolls to bound codices at Fields & Energy: The codex transformed books from narratives to be read from beginning to end into repositories to be consulted anywhere at will. For science, this shift was revolutionary: [โฆ]
https://voxday.net/2026/09/16/the-cost-of-the-codex/
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Forwarded from Z and V
โผ๏ธ๐ฐ๐ต๐๐บ๐ธ๐ดโโ ๏ธ๐ฐ๐ทNorth Korea threatens the United States and South Korea with the use of nuclear weapons.
Pyongyang accused Washington and Seoul of intensifying military cooperation and increasing the American military presence in the region.
Pyongyang accused Washington and Seoul of intensifying military cooperation and increasing the American military presence in the region.
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Forwarded from UNITED24Media
German hospitals are preparing for a potential war with Russia and a mass influx of wounded troops, according to Bloomberg.
The Bundeswehr is modeling a scenario in which a conflict between Russia and NATO could result in up to 1,000 wounded soldiers arriving in Germany daily. Five military hospitals would quickly become overwhelmed, forcing civilian clinics to take in the casualties.
In Ulm, military officials are considering reactivating a Cold War-era medical bunker capable of housing up to 2,000 people and operating autonomously for 90 days. Other hospitals are exploring the conversion of underground parking garages into shelters and conducting mass-casualty drills.
However, the system is not yet prepared for such a scenario. Only a few hundred German doctors have experience treating combat injuries, and hospitals need to bolster their infrastructure, medical supplies, and power systems.
The Bundeswehr is modeling a scenario in which a conflict between Russia and NATO could result in up to 1,000 wounded soldiers arriving in Germany daily. Five military hospitals would quickly become overwhelmed, forcing civilian clinics to take in the casualties.
In Ulm, military officials are considering reactivating a Cold War-era medical bunker capable of housing up to 2,000 people and operating autonomously for 90 days. Other hospitals are exploring the conversion of underground parking garages into shelters and conducting mass-casualty drills.
However, the system is not yet prepared for such a scenario. Only a few hundred German doctors have experience treating combat injuries, and hospitals need to bolster their infrastructure, medical supplies, and power systems.
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Forwarded from /CIG/ Telegram | Counter Intelligence Global (FRANCISCVS)
๐ช๐บ ๐จ๐ฆ ๐บ๐ธ E.U. Talks of Making Canada first 'Associate Member as US. Ties Weaken
Details are scant, and the linkup is not a done deal, but the announcement was the boldest step yet in a joint quest by the European Union and Canada for tighter global partnerships. Both economies have been trying to build stronger alliances with a variety of countries as they find themselves caught between a competitive China and an at-times-hostile United States.
Mr. Carney gave a headline-grabbing speech at the World Economic Forum meeting in Davos, Switzerland, this year during which he argued that the world order that emerged from the Cold War was facing a โrupture, not a transition,โ and that โmiddle powers must act together because if weโre not at the table, weโre on the menu.โ
The move on Wednesday was a clear demonstration of that strategy.
Ms. von der Leyen did not lay out in detail what associate membership to the European Union might entail. But European diplomats and officials in recent days have made it clear that Canada and the European Union, which will meet for a summit at the end of October, are working toward closer cooperation on technology regulation, trade and the supply of critical minerals.
Since trade talks between Canada and the United States collapsed last month, the two countries have been locked in a trade war. President Trump has also repeatedly called for Canada to become the 51st state, prompting a wave of patriotism among Canadians.
By contrast, polls suggest that four out of five Canadians want Mr. Carney to bring their country closer to the European Union and that more than half would like Canada to join the bloc as a member.
Mr. Carney often calls Canada โthe most European non-European country.โ Already, Ottawa and Brussels have a free-trade agreement, though the deal has not been approved by 10 of the 27 E.U. member states. Nonetheless, about 90 percent of trade between the European Union and Canada is tariff-free. Total trade between the two was $150 billion last year, compared with the United States-Canada trade relationship, which was worth more than $800 billion.
https://www.nytimes.com/2026/09/16/world/europe/eu-canada-associate-member.html
๐ The New York Times
Details are scant, and the linkup is not a done deal, but the announcement was the boldest step yet in a joint quest by the European Union and Canada for tighter global partnerships. Both economies have been trying to build stronger alliances with a variety of countries as they find themselves caught between a competitive China and an at-times-hostile United States.
Mr. Carney gave a headline-grabbing speech at the World Economic Forum meeting in Davos, Switzerland, this year during which he argued that the world order that emerged from the Cold War was facing a โrupture, not a transition,โ and that โmiddle powers must act together because if weโre not at the table, weโre on the menu.โ
The move on Wednesday was a clear demonstration of that strategy.
Ms. von der Leyen did not lay out in detail what associate membership to the European Union might entail. But European diplomats and officials in recent days have made it clear that Canada and the European Union, which will meet for a summit at the end of October, are working toward closer cooperation on technology regulation, trade and the supply of critical minerals.
Since trade talks between Canada and the United States collapsed last month, the two countries have been locked in a trade war. President Trump has also repeatedly called for Canada to become the 51st state, prompting a wave of patriotism among Canadians.
By contrast, polls suggest that four out of five Canadians want Mr. Carney to bring their country closer to the European Union and that more than half would like Canada to join the bloc as a member.
Mr. Carney often calls Canada โthe most European non-European country.โ Already, Ottawa and Brussels have a free-trade agreement, though the deal has not been approved by 10 of the 27 E.U. member states. Nonetheless, about 90 percent of trade between the European Union and Canada is tariff-free. Total trade between the two was $150 billion last year, compared with the United States-Canada trade relationship, which was worth more than $800 billion.
https://www.nytimes.com/2026/09/16/world/europe/eu-canada-associate-member.html
๐ The New York Times
Nytimes
E.U. Talks of Making Canada First โAssociate Memberโ as U.S. Ties Weaken
Canada and the European Union have been confronting an increasingly challenging relationship with the United States under President Trump.
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